Features of the mesostructural organization of the leave and the anatomical structure of the tobacco stem under the action of growth stimulators

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Vinnytsia Mychailo Kotsubynsky state pedagogical university

O.S. Talalayeva, V.V. Rohach,

V.G. Kur'jata, T.I. Rohach

Vinnytsia, Ukraine

Anotation

Key words: Nicotiana tabacum; plant growth stimulants; leaf mesostructured; stem anatomy.

Анотація

Особливості мезоструктурної організації листка та анатомічної будови стебла тютюну за дії стимуляторів росту

О.С. Талалаєва, В.В. Рогач, В.Г. Кур'ята, Т.І. Рогач, Вінницький державний педагогічний університет імені Михайла Коцюбинського

Рослини тютюну сорту Тернопільський 14 обробляли стимуляторами росту 1-НОК, ГК₃ та 6-БАП у фазу бутонізації. Під впливом стимуляторів росту потовщувалися листкові пластинки тютюну за рахунок розростання хлоренхіми. Найбільше зростання товщини листків встановлено після застосування ГК₃.1-НОК та ГК₃ збільшували об'єм клітин стовпчастої паренхіми. Розміри клітин губчастої паренхіми за дії регуляторів росту достовірно не змінювалися. Встановлено, що 1-НОК зменшувала кількість клітин епідермісу та кількість продихів на одиницю абаксіальної поверхні листка, а за дії 6-БАП ці показники достовірно зростали. ГК₃ збільшувала кількість клітин епідермісу та зменшувала кількість продихів. Усі стимулятори росту зменшували площу продихів. Стимулятори росту потовщували шар коленхіми та збільшували або не змінювали розміри клітин склеренхімних волокон. Товщина оболонок клітин склеренхіми достовірно зростала лише при застосуванні 6-БАП. За дії інших стимуляторів росту даний показник мав лише тенденцію до зростання. 1-НОК та 6-БАП збільшували товщину шару вторинної та зменшували первинної пери- дерми. За дії ГК₃ шари первинної та вторинної перидерми ставали тоншими. Препарати збільшували товщину ксилеми та діаметр найбільших судин.

Ключові слова: Nicotiana tabacum; стимулятори росту рослин; мезоструктура листків; анатомія стебла.

Introduction

The leaf is the main assimilation organ of the plant, the efficiency of which depends on the growth, development and biological productivity of crops. Growth stimulants are a group of natural and synthetic compounds of various origins that activate growth processes in plants, including through the optimization of the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. In the literature there are isolated data on the influence of growth-stimulating compounds on the mesostructural organization of leaves and the structure of the respiratory system. In particular, the use of gibberellic (GA3) and 1-naphthylacetic acids (1-NAA) on Eriobotrya japonica plants reduced the number of stomata and increased their area, while the action of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) increased the number of stomata and decreased their area (Surya et al, 2020).

Treatment of plants Epipremnum aureum 1-NAA and 6-BAP in doses of 5, 50 and 100 mg / l separately or in sequential treatment thickened the leaf blades, increased the size of epidermal cells and stomata. Under the action of the drug, the epidermis became thinner and the assimilation parenchyma thickened. The volume of intercellular space in the spongy parenchyma did not change. The most effective dose was 50 mg (Benedetto, Galmarini, & Tognetti Benedetto et al, 2016).

In other studies, 6-BAP promoted the growth of isolated Capsicum annuum leaves and their assimilation parenchyma (Nielsen, & Ulvskov, 1992).

Thickening of the chlorenchyma under the action of the cytokinin growth stimulator treptolem was also recorded in plants Heliannthus annuus of the Flagsman variety, Linum usitatissimum of the Orpheus variety (Khodanitska et al, 2019) and Rapaver somniferum of the Berke variety.

Growth stimulants also affected the anatomical structure of the stem of crops prone to lodging. Thus, treptol thickened the stems of Linum usitatisissimum by increasing the thickness of the bark, xylem and diameter of the bast fibers (Khodanitska et al, 2019). The same drug thickened the collenchyma and sclerenchymal cell fiber shells in Heliannthus annuus plants, increased the size of sclerenchyma cells and the number of rows of collenchyma cells (Rogach, & Kuryata, 2018).

Results and discussion

The mesostructural organization of a leaf in many respects defines efficiency of the photosynthetic device of a plant and by that essentially influences its productivity. According to the literature, the treatment of plants with growth regulators in most cases causes changes in the anatomical structure of the leaves. In particular, the thickening of leaves at the expense of to the assimilation parenchyma was previously observed in potato plants (Rohach et al, 2020b), tomatoes (Rohach et al, 2020a), peppers (Brovko, 2016) and eggplant (Rogach, 2017).

The results of our research show that synthetic analogues of the main stimulant hormones significantly influenced the mesostructural organization of tobacco leaves of Ternopil 14 variety (Table 1). In particular, growth activators thickened or did not alter the cells of the upper and lower epidermis. The drugs thickened the leaf blades due to the cells of the main assimilation parenchyma. The most significant increase in the thickness of the chlorenchyma was recorded under the action of GA3 (14%). Synthetic analogues of auxin and cytokinin increased the thickness of photosynthetic tissue by 6 and 5%. At the same time, the volume of cells of the columnar parenchyma authentically increased under the action of 1-NAA and GA3 (17 and 31%). After the use of 6-BAP, this figure did not change authentically. Growth stimulators did not practically change the size of the cells of the spongy parenchyma. stimulator photosynthetic activity tobacco plant

Growth stimulants are known to affect the respiratory system of plants. We established that the synthetic analogue of auxin reduced the number of epidermal cells and the number of stomata per unit abaxial surface of the leaf, while under the action of synthetic cytokinin, these figures increased authenticaly. GA3 increased the number of epidermal cells and decreased the number of stomata. All growth stimulants reduced the area of the respiratory cells.

Lying down of tobacco crops is one of the determining factors influencing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of crop yield. Therefore, it is important to establish the effect of growth stimulants on stem thickness and their strength and resistance to lodging. The results of our studies show that growth stimulants thickened the layer of mechanical tissue - collenchyma by 14-21% and increased or did not change the size of sclerenchymal fiber cells. The thickness of the shells of sclerenchyma cells increased authentically only with the use of a synthetic analogue of cytokinins. Under the action of other growth stimulants, this indicator had only a tendency to increase. 1-NAA and 6-BAP increased the thickness of the secondary layer and decreased the primary periderm. Under the action of GA3 there was a thinning of the layers of the primary and secondary periderm.

Table 1