Alien fishes in the Black Sea waters of Crimea (Ukraine)

Synonyms: Pleuronectes rhombus Linnaeus, 1758; Pleuronectes laevis Turton, 1802; Rhombus laevis (Turton, 1802).

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): absent.

Brief description. D 83, A 61, P 11-12, У 6, C 17, sp.br. 18 (Giragosov et al. 2012). Distribution. The species is distributed in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean from Norway and Great Britain to the north of Africa, also occurs in the Baltic, Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara Seas and in the Bosphorus (Mengi 1971; Nielsen 1986). In the northern part of the Black Sea, only 3 specimens have been recorded for the entire history of ichthyological research: 1 near Feodosia in the 19th century (Kessler 1877) and 2 near Kara-Dag in 1946 (Vinogradov 1949). A female specimen was found off the shore of Bulgaria in May 1954 (Georgiev et al. 1960). In 2010, 3 specimens were caught by seine in Striletska Cove in Sevastopol (Giragosov et al. 2012).

Vector of introduction. A typical benthic species with no long-term migrations, although it clearly apparead near Crimea naturally through the Bosphorus from the Marmara Sea (mediterranisation).

Species that occur casually (single records) in waters of Crimea

Order Gadiformes Family Gadidae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Micromesistius Gill, 1863

Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) -- Blue whiting

Synonyms: Merlangus poutassou Risso, 1827; Boreogadus poutassou (Risso, 1827); Gadus poutassou (Risso, 1827); Merlangus vernalis Risso, 1827; Merlangus pertusus Cocco, 1829.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): absent.

Brief description. DT 13 (12-14), D2 14 (12-14), D3 23 (23-26), Аг 35 (33-39), A2 26 (24-27), P 22, sp. br. 27-33 (Movchan 2011).

Distribution. An Atlantic-Boreal species distributed from Spitsbergen along the coast of Europe to the Canary Islands, northwest Africa to Cape Bojador, as well as to west from the Barents Sea to Iceland, Greenland, and northeast coast of the USA. The species inhabits most seas of the Mediterranean Basin, although it is more common in the western part of the Mediterranean Sea (Svetovidov 1964; Marine Species… 2000). The only specimen known in the Black Sea was caught by hook in January 1999 near Cape Aya (southwest coast of Crimea) at a depth of 60 m (Boltachev et al. 1999, 2010).

Vector of introduction. Accidental natural spread from seas of the Mediterranean Basin through the Bosphorus (mediterranisation).

Order Scorpaeniformes Family Dactylopteridae Gill, 1885 Genus Dactylopterus Lacepede, 1801

Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) -- Mediterranean flying gurnard

Synonyms: Trigla volitans Linnaeus, 1758; Dactylopterus vulgaris Steindachner, 1867; Cephalacanthus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758); Dactylopterus blochii Swainson, 1839.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): No. 4970.

Brief description. Di VII; D2 VIII; A 6 (our data).

Distribution. The species is distributed in the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean south of the English Channel to Angola and from Massachusetts (USA) to Argentina, as well as near Madeira, the Azores, and in seas of the Mediterranean Basin (Mediterranee... 1987; Froese & Pauly 2000). In the Black Sea, 2 records of the species were reported from Odessa Bay in September 1979. (Movchan 2011) and an immature 40 mm long specimen from near Sevastopol (Liubymivka village) (Boltachev & Karpova 2014).

Vector of introduction. It is hard to determine the species' vector of appearance; it could be passive spread by either currents or ballast waters.

Order Perciformes

Family Sparidae Bonaparte, 1832

Genus Dentex Cuvier, 1814

Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) -- Common dentex

Synonyms: Sparus dentex Linnaeus, 1758; Dentex vulgaris Valenciennes, 1830.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): absent.

Brief description. D X-XII 11; A III 8; PI 14; УI 5; l? 60-65 (Movchan 2011).

Distribution. The species is distributed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Bay of Biscay and southern part of the British Isles to Senegal, near Madeira and the Canary Islands, as well as in the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara Seas. Rare records of the species are known from the Black Sea off the coast of Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania. In waters of Ukraine, only a single specimen was caught in June 2014 in the coastal zone of Cape Fiolent at a depth of 9 m (Boltachev & Karpova 2017).

Vector of introduction. Independent accicental spread from seas of the Mediterranean Basin through the Bosphorus (mediterranisation).

Family Chaetodontidae Rafinesque, 1815

Genus Heniochus Cuvier, 1816

Heniochus acuminatus Linnaeus, 1758 -- Pennant coralfish

Synonyms: Chaetodon acuminatus Linnaeus, 1758; Chaetodon macrolepidotus Linnaeus, 1758; Heniochus macrolepidotus

(Linnaeus, 1758); Taurichthys macrolepidotus.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): No. 8099, 10695.

Brief description. D XI-XII 22-27, A III 17-19, P I 16, У I 5, l.l. 51 (our data).

Distribution. Tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans from South Africa to Japan and Papua New Guinea. The only finding of the species in the Black Sea was reported in October 2003 from Balaklava Bay (Boltachev & Astakhov 2004).

Vector of introduction. An Indo-West Pacific species, possibly spread by ballast waters.

Family Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1835

Genus Acanthurus Forsskal, 1775

Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner, 1876 -- Monrovia doctorfish

Synonyms: Teuthis munroviae Steindachner, 1876; Acanthurus monrovie Steindachner, 1876; Acanthurus phlebotomus (non Valenciennes, 1835).

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): absent.

Brief description. D IX 24-26, A VI 24-26 (Froese & Pauly 2020).

Distribution. The native range of the species covers the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the coast of Morocco to Angola, the Canary Isalnds, and the islands of Cap-Vert. A significant increase in the number of records of A. monroviae and in the expansion of its range has been observed since the 2000s in the Mediterranean Sea: specimens have been found off the coast of southern Spain, Malta, Tunisia, Algeria, Israel, and Greece. The only specimen with TL 235 mm known from waters of Ukraine was caught on 19 September 2015 by fishing net near the entrance of Balaklava Bay in the southwest part of the Crimean Peninsula (Boltachev & Karpova 2020).

Vector of introduction. A bentho-pelagic species that appeared in coastal waters of Crimea from eastern seas of the Mediterranean Basin through the Bosphorus (mediterranisation).

Family Sphyraenidae Rafinesque, 1815

Genus Sphyraena Risso, 1793

Sphyraena pinguis Gunther, 1874 -- Red barracuda

Synonyms: absent.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): No. 6525.

Brief description. D V, D21 9, A II 9, P 11-13, УI 5, l.l. 80-92 (our data).

Distribution. A pelagic species migrating in flocks. It is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region along the continental shelf of East Africa from the Red Sea to Mozambique and the Republic of South Africa, as well as along the shores of Asia from the Arabian Peninsula to Indonesia. The species also occurs in the Pacific Ocean from the southern Primorye and Hokkaido to Papua New Guinea and southern Australia (Doiuchi & Nakabo 2005). Through the Suez Canal, the species spread to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrant) and it was recorded off the coast of Palestina in 1931 (Golani et al. 2002). In following years, the red barracuda has spread along the coast of Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, and Turkey, including the Aegean Sea. The species also occurs near Malta and it has completely naturalised in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea (Golani et al. 2002). Two specimens were caught in Balaklava Bay in August 1999, which were initially identified as S. obtusata Cuvier, 1829, but later re-identified as S. pinguis (Boltachev 2009).

Vector of introduction. The species' vector of introduction near the coast of Crimea is migration from the Marmara Sea through the Bosphorus (mediterranisation).

Order Tetraodontiformes

Family Tetraodontidae Rafinesque, 1815

Genus Lagocephalus Swainson, 1839

Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789 -- Silver-cheeked toadfish

Synonyms: Fugu sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789); Gastrophysus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789); Tetraodon sceleratus Gmelin, 1789;

Tetraodon bicolor Brevoort, 1856; Tetraodon blochii Castelnau, 1861.

Material (in the fish collection of NMNH NASU): No. 4005, 4961, 3117, 4196.

Brief description. Only soft radials in the fins, 10-13 in the dorsal and 8-12 in the anal fin (our data).

Distribution. The species is distributed in coastal waters of the tropical zone of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It has spread to the Mediterranean Basin through the Suez Canal (Lessepsian migrant), where it was first recorded in 2003 in the Aegean Sea. Currently, the species has widely dispersed in the eastern and central parts of the Mediterranean Sea near the coast of Israel, Turkey, and Greece, as well as in the Aegean Sea to the Dardanelles. A living specimen was caught by net in Staropivnichna Cove (Sevastopol Bay) in November 2014 (Boltachev & Karpova 2017).

Vector of introduction. The species' vector of introduction near the coast of Crimea is migration from the Marmara Sea through the Bosphorus (mediterranisation).

Among the introduced species that occur regularly in waters of Crimea, benthic species predominate (12 species, or 80.0 %), while bentho-pelagic and pelagic species make up an insignificant part--6.7 % and 13.3 %, respectively. Among species that occur sporadically, pelagic (50.0 %) and bentho-pelagic species prevail (37.5 %). Bentho-pelagic species predominate among fishes that occur casually (57.1 %) (Fig. 2).

Among the 31 introduced species recorded in the Black Sea waters of Crimea for the past 50 years, species that appeared due to the natural process of mediterranisation prevail (22 species, or 71.0 %). The vector of introduction could not be identified for 4 species (Syngnathus acus, Dactylopterus volitans, Sparus aurata, and Parablennius incognitus), the ratio of which is 13.3 %. The appeareance of the remaining 5 species (Planiliza haematocheila, Sebastes schlegelii, Heniochus acuminatus, Millerigobius macrocephalus, and Tridentiger trigonocephalus), which make up 16.1 %, is due to anthropogenic factors (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2. The ratio of species of different ecological groups (benthic, bentho-pelagic, pelagic) among alien fishes in the Black Sea waters of Crimea

Рис. 2. Співвідношення видів різних екологічних груп (бентичної, бентопелагічної, пелагічної) серед риб-вселенців в чорноморських водах Криму



Fig. 3. The ratio of alien fishes in the Black Sea waters of Crimea with different vectors of introduction

Рис. 3. Співвідношення видів-вселенців в чорноморських водах Криму з різними векторами вселення

Note. For vectors of introduction, see Table. 1 (grey -- introduction related to mediterranisation, white -- unknown vector of introduction, black -- introduction due to anthropogenic factors).

Примітка. Позначення векторів вселення див. у табл. 1 (сірий -- поява пов'язана з процесом медітерранізації, білий -- невідомий вектор вселення, чорний -- поява через антропогенні фактори)

In general, benthic species predominate among the introduced fishes (14 species, or 45.2 %), whereas bentho-pelagic (9) and pelagic (8) species make up only 29.0 % and 25.8 %, respectively.

Of the 31 introduced species in marine waters of Crimea, 10 have naturalised and acclimatised (32.2 %), forming independent breeding population. Among them, species of the family Gobiidae (Ch. quadrivittatus, G. couchi, G. cruentatus, G. xanthocephalus, M. xanthocephalus, P bathi, and Z. zebrus) and the taxonomically close family Oxudercidae (T. trigonocephalus) significantly prevail, whereas one species P incognitus represents the family Blenniidae. The only representative of the pelagic ecological group of fishes from the family Mugilidae -- the redlip mullet P. haematocheila -- was intentionally introduced in the 1970s and it has completely acclimatised in the Azov-Black Sea Basin, including coastal waters of Crimea, and has become an important commercial object.



Conclusions

The main vector of introduction of new species of fish in the Black Sea is natural migration, as well as the spread of juveniles through the Bosphorus by currents (mediterranisation) and the Black Sea plays the role of recipient area. Further dispersal of species to coastal waters of Crimea is related to the geographic location of the peninsula, currents, habitat diversity, and biological features of species.

The appearance of alien fish species in coastal waters of Crimea is currently considered as an increasing invasion process. For the past 50 years, 31 species have been recorded in this region, 48.4 % of which occur regularly, 29.0 % sporadically, and 22.6 % casually. Of the 10 species that have naturalised and acclimatised, only one was introuduced intentionally.

Benthic and bentho-pelagic species predominate among the introduced fishes.

The increase of species diversity of fishes in the Azov-Black Sea region (including Crimea) due to alien species is also related to human activity such as intentional or accidental introduction, spread by ballast waters and underwater constructs of vessels, etc.

Four of the introduced fish species with unindentified vector of appearance (mediterranisation or spread by ballast waters) belong to the benthic ecological group that lay their eggs and have their offspring at the bottom. The spread of such species with ballast waters is almost impossible since ballast tanks are filled above a considerable depth to avoid clogging. In such case, these species with a high probability can be included into the group of fishes that have spread naturally (mediterranisation).

Noteworthy that the increase in the number of introduced fish species in waters of Crimea in the past 50 years is also a result of detailed monitoring of the regional ichthyofauna, which has been carried out by researchers of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas NAS of Ukraine using modern trapping tools.

Acknowledgements

The author is deeply greatful to Ye.P. Karpova for consultations and help with the literature, and to I.V. Zagorodniuk and Z.L. Barkaszi for their help provided in the process of preparation of the article, as well as to the reviewers for their valuable advice.



References

1. Adib, S. 2005. Check-list of Bony Fish Collected from the Coast of Syria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5: 99-106.

2. Ahnelt, H., J. Herler, S. Scsepka. 1998. First records of two rare Mediterranean Gobiidae in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Cybium, 22 (1): 83-186.

3. Aleksandrov, B., M.-T. Gomoiu, E. Mikashavidze, S. Moncheva, B. Ozturk, T. Shiganova. 2013. Non-Native Species of the Black Sea. The 4-th Bi-annual Black Sea Scientific Conference: 28-31 October Constanta, Romania. Black Sea -- Challenges towards good environmental status: abstracts book. Romania. Constanta: Editura Boldas: 62-63.

4. Alexandrov, B., A. Boltachev, T. Kharchenko, A. Lyashenko, M. Son, P. Tsarenko, V. Zhukinsky. 2007. Trends of aquatic alien species invasions in Ukraine (злектронньїй журнал). Aquatic Invasions, 2 (3): 215-242. Almeida, A. J., L.M. Arruda. 1998. Gobius xanthocephalus Heimer and Zander, 1992 in Portuguese waters (Pisces: Gobiidae). Arq. Mus. Bocage. Nov. Ser., 3 (5): 205-212.

5. Bat, L., G.G. Demirci, M. Ozturk. 2006. Occurrence of Apletodon dentatus bacescui (Murgoci, 1940) (Gobiesocidae) and Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blenniidae) at the central Black Sea coast of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea. Mediterranean Environment, 12: 59-65.

6. Bilecenoglu, M, M. Kaya, B. Cihangir, E. Cicek. 2014. An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turk. J. Zool., 38: 901-929.

7. Bogorodskii, S.V. 2006. Discovery of Parablennius incognitus (Blenniidae) off the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea, Northern Abkhazia. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 46 (1): 22-28. (In Russian).

8. Boltachev, A.R. 2009. Specifying Species Belonging of Barracuda of Group Sphyraena obtusata (Pisces: Sphyraenidae) Found in the Black Sea. J. Ichthyology, 49 (1): 128-131.

9. Boltachev, A.R., A.V. Gayevskaya, G.V. Zuyev, V.M. Yurakhno. 1999. Severnaya putassu Micromesistius poutassou Risso, 1826 (Pisces, Gadidae) novyy dlya fauny Chernogo morya vid. Ekologiya morya, 48: 79-82. (In Russian).

10. Boltachev, A.R., D.A. Astakhov. 2004. Neobychnaya nakhodka dlinnoperoy vympel'noy ryby-babochki Heniochus acunimatus (Chaetodontidae) v Balaklavskoy bukhte (Sevastopol, Yugo-Zapadnyy Krym). Voprosy ikhtiologii, 44 (6): 853-854. (In Russian).

11. Boltachev, A.R., E.D. Vasileva, O.N. Danilyuk. 2007. First Finding of the Striped Tripletooth Goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the Black Sea (the Estuary of the Chernaya River, Sevastopol Bay. Journal of Ichthyology, 47 (9): 802-805.

12. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova, O.N. Danilyuk. 2009. Findings of New and Rare Fish Species in the Coastal Zone of the Crimea (the Black Sea). Voprosy ikhtiologii, 49 (1): 318-332. (In Russian).

13. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova, S.N. Brodsky, M.P. Kirin. 2013a. First registration of the dogtooth grouper Epinephelus caninus (Osteichthyes, Serranidae) in the Black Sea. Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 3 (12): 22. (In Russian).

14. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova, T.N. Klimova, M.V. Chesalin, T.L. Chesalina. 2010. Ryby (Pisces). In: The inroducers in the biodiversity and productivity of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Rostov-on-Don: SSC RAS Publishing, 76-113. (In Russian)

15. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova, V.K. Machkevskiy. 2010. The naturalization of Millers goby, Millerigobius macrophthalmus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the Sevastopol bay of the Black Sea. Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 9 (1): 32. (In Russian).

16. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2010a. Baths goby Pomatoschistus bathi (Perciformes, Gobiidae) is a new species for the ichthyofauna of the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 9 (2): 57. (In Russian).

17. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2010. Naturalization of the Pacific Chameleon Goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the Black Sea (Crimea, Sevastopol Gulf). Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (2): 188-196.

18. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2012. Marine Fishes of the Crimean peninsula. Simferopol, Biznes-Inform, 1-224. (In Russian).

19. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2014. Faunistic Revision of Alien Fish Species in the Black Sea. Russian journal of biological invasions, 3: 2-25. (In Russian).

20. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2016. Redkiye, uyazvimyye i ischeznuvshiye ryby Sevastopolskogo regiona. Nauchnyye zapiskiprirodnogo zapovednika “Mys Martyan,. Fauna i zhivotnyy mir, 7: 251-264. (In Russian).

21. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2017. Marine Fishes of the Crimean peninsula. 2nd edition: revised and enlarged. Simferopol, Biznes-Inform, 1-376. (In Russian).

22. Boltachev, A.R., E.P. Karpova. 2020. Penetration of Monrovia Surgeonfish Acanthurus monroviae (Perciformes: Acanthuridae) to the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20 (8): 623-627.

23. Boltachev, A.R., G.V. Zuyev, Yu.M. Korniychuk, D.K. Gutsal. 2000. O nakhode krugloy sardinelly Sardinella aurita (Clupeidae) v Chernom more u beregov Kryma. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 40 (2): 275-276. (In Russian).

24. Boltachev, A.R., V.M. Yurachno. 2002. New evidence of the continuing mediterranization fish fauna of the Black Sea. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 42 (6): 744-750. (In Russian).

25. Boltachev, A.R., Ye.P. Karpova, O.N. Danilyuk. 2014. Spisok vidov ryb prirodnogo zapovednika «Mys Mart'yan». Nauchnyye zapiski prirodnogo zapovednika «Mys Martyan». Fauna i zhivotnyy mir, 5: 113-121. (In Russian).

26. Boltachev, A.R. Karpova, E.P., Kirin, M.P. 2013. The first finding of the sand steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes, Sparidae) in the Black Sea coastal zone of Crimea. Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 12 (4): 96.] (In Russian).

27. Carlton, J.T. 1996. Pattern, process, and prediction in marine invasion ecology. Biological Concervation, 78: 97-106.

28. Costello, M. 1992. Abundance and spatial overlap of gobies (Gobiidae) in Lough Hyne, Ireland. Environ. Biol. Fish., 33: 239-248.

29. Doiuchi, R., Т. Nakabo. 2005. The Sphyraena obtusata group (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae) with a description of a new species from southern Japan. Ichthyol. Res., 52 (2): 132-151.

30. Dufour, F., P. Guidetti, P. Francour. 2007. Comparaison des inventaires de poisons dans les aires marines protegees de Mediterranee: influence de la surface et de l'anciennete. Cybium, 31 (1): 19-31.

31. Engin, S., A.C. Keskin, T. Akdemir, D. Seyhan. 2015. Occurrence and New Geographical Record of Striped Seabream Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Turkish Coast of Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15 (4): 937-940.

32. Engin, S., D. Turan, M. Kovacic. 2007. First record of the red-mouthed goby, Gobius cruentatus (Gobiidae), in the Black Sea. Cybium, 31 (1): 87-88.

33. Engin, S., G. Dalgic. 2008. First record of Chromogobius zebratus (Gobiidae) for the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32: 197-199.

34. Eremeev, V.N., A.R. Boltachev, B.G. Aleksandrov et al. 2012. Biological diversity of the coastal zone of the Crimean peninsula: problems, preservation and restoration pathways. Sevastopol: NAS Ukraine, Inst. Biol. Southern Seas, 1-92.

35. Fischer, S.T., R.A. Patzner, C.H.G. Muller, H.M. Winkler. 2007. Studies on the ichthyofauna of the coastal waters of Ibiza (Balearic Islands, Spain). Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beitrdge, 18: 30-62.

36. Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (FNAM). 1986a. Eds. P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese. Paris: UNESCO, 2: 517-1007.

37. Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (FNAM). 1986b. Eds. P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese. Paris, UNESCO, 3: 1015-1473.

38. Froese, R.D. Pauly. 2020. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org version 06/2020.

39. Georgiev, J.M. 1961. An unknown goby for Bulgarian ichthiofauna -- Relictogobius kryzanowskii. Izvestiya Central. nauchno izsled. inst. ribov. і rybol., 1: 141-145. (In Bulgarian).

40. Georgiev, Zh.M., K.L. Aleksandrova, D. Kh. Nikolov. 1960. Nablyudeniya vurkhu razmnozhavaneto na ribite po Bulgarskogo chernomorsko kraibrezhie. Izv. Zool. in-t Bulg. AN., Kn. 9: 255-292. (In Bulgarian).

41. Giragosov, V.E., A.N. Khanaychenko, M.P. Kirin, D.K. Gutsal. 2012. Record of Scophthalmus rhombus (Pleuronectiformes: Scophthalmidae) in the coastal waters of Crimea. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 52 (1): 135-140. (In Russian).

42. Global Invasive Species Database. 2007. (Злектронньїй документ). Tridentiger trigonocephalus. http://www.issg.org/database -- 28.10.2013.

43. Golani D., B. Ozturk, N. Ba§usta. 2006. Fishes of the Eastern Mediterranean. Istanbul: Turk. Mar. Res. Foundat., 1-248.

44. Golani, D., L. Orsi-Relini, E. Massuti, J.-P. Quignard. 2002. Atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean. Fishes. Monaco, CIESM Publishers, 1-254.

45. Goren, M., K. Gayer, N. Lazarus. 2009. First record of the Far East chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill, 1859) in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 4 (2): 413-415. http://www.reabic.net.

46. Guchmanidze, A., A. Boltachev. 2017. Notification of the first sighting of sand steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) and modern species diversity of the family Sparidae at the Georgian and Crimean Black Sea coasts. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 23 (1): 48-55.

47. Guskov, G.E., A.A. Zhivoglyadov, T.A. Chepurnaya, E.I. Shimanskaya. 2017. Detection of the Atlantic digging Lithognathus mormyrus in net catches off the Caucasian coast of the Russian Federation. Modern problems of science and education. No. 5. (http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=26839). (In Russian).

48. Harrison, I.J. 2003. Liza ramada. Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Mugidae, Atherinidae, Atherinopsidae, Blenniidae, Odontobutidae, Gobiidae 1. 8/1. Ed. by P.J. Miller (AULA, Wiebelsheim, 2003), 28-35.

49. Heimer, A., C.D. Zander. 1992. Le statut de Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 et description de Gobius xanthocephalus n. sp. de la Mediterranee (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Zool. Jahrb. Syst. (Jena), 119 (2): 291-313.

50. Kai, Y., D.M. Soes. 2009. A record of Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880 from Dutch coastal waters. Aquatic Invasions, 4 (2): 417-419.

51. Karpova, E.P., V.V. Saksahanskyy. 2011. Raspredelenye ryb semeystva bychkovykh (Gobiidae) u chernomorskoho poberezhya Kryma. Tezy IV Mizhnar. ikhtiol. nauk.-prakt. konf. “Suchasni problemy teoretychnoyi ta praktychnoyi ikhtiolohiyi” (Odesa, 7-11 ver. 2011 r.). Odesa: 117-118. (In Russian).

52. Karpova, E.P., A.R. Boltachev, O.N. Danilyuk. 2017. Distribution of the rare species of clingfishes -- smallheaded clingfish Apletodon dentatus (Actinopterygii, Gobiesocidae) near Crimean coasts. Morskoy biologicheskiy zhurnal, 2 (2): 41-48 (In Russian).

53. Karpova, E.P., A.R. Boltachev. 2018. Distribution and Biological Characteristics of Couchs Goby Gobius couchi (Gobiidae), a New Species for the Black Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 58 (3): 303-311.

54. Karpova, E.P., I. Tamoykin, V. Kuleshov. 2019. Penetration of the Pacific Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii into the Black Sea. International Biodiversity & Ecology Sciences Symposium. September 26-28, 2019, Istanbul, Turkey: 175.

55. Karpova, E.P. 2020. Naturalization of striped seabream Lithognathus mormyrus (Sparidae) in the Black Sea. Russian journal of biological invasions, 2: 40-46. (In Russian).

56. Keskin, Q. 2010. A review of fish fauna in the Turkish Black Sea. J. Black Sea. Mediterranean Environment, 16 (2): 195-210.

57. Kessler, K.F. 1877. Ryby, vodyashchiyesya i vstrechayushchiyesya v Aralo-kaspiysko-pontiyskoy ikhtiologicheskoy oblasti. Tr. Aralo-Kaspiyskoy ekspeditsii. Vyp. 4. Prilozheniye k Tr. SPb o-va yestestvoispytateley. Tip. M. Stasyulevicha, 1-360. (In Russian).

58. Kovacic, M. 1999. Gammogobius steinitzi Bath, 1971, a fish new to the Adriatic Sea. Nat. Croat., 8 (1): 1-7.

59. Kovacic, M. 2005. An annotated checklist of the family Gobiidae in the Adriatic Sea. Ann. Ser. Hist. Nat., 15: 1-24.

60. Kovacic, M. 2008. The key for identification of Gobiidae (Pisces: Perciformes) in the Adriatic Sea. Acta adriatica, 49 (3): 245-254.

61. Kovacic, M., J.J. Bonello, J. Evans. 2013. Three new records of Gobiidae from Malta with morphology, coloration and identification of the smallest known juveniles of two small gobiid species. Cybium, 37: 233-239.

62. Kovacic, M., M. Miletic, N. Papageorgiou. 2011. A first checklist of gobies from Crete with ten new records. Cybium, 35 (3): 245-253.

63. Kovacic, M., S. Engin. 2009. First record of the zebra goby, Zebrus zebrus (Gobiidae), in the BlackSea. Cybium, 33 (1): 83-84.

64. Kovtun, O.A. 2012. First records goby Gammogobius steinitzi Bath, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Gobiidae) in coastal grottoes of the western Crimea (Black Sea) (A preliminary report). Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 11 (3): 56. (In Russian).

65. Kovtun, O.A. 2013. The new finding of a rare goby Chromogobius quadrivittatus (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the marine underwater cave peninsula Tarhankut (Black Sea). Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 13 (1): 18. (In Russian).

66. Kovtun, O.A., E.P. Karpova. 2014. Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Gobiidae) from marine underwater cave of Tarhankut peninsula (western Crimea), a species new for the Black Sea. Morskyy ekolohichnyy zhurnal, 13 (1): 72. (In Russian).

67. Kovtun, O.A., L.G. Manilo. 2013. Mediterranean Gammogobius steinitzi Bath, 1971 (Perciformes, Gobiidae) -- a new representative of the Black Sea ichthyofauna. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 43 (4): 307-314.

68. Lindberg, G.U., Z.V. Krasyukova. 1975. Ryby Yaponskogo morya i sopredel'nykh chastey Okhotskogo i Zheltogo morey. Ch. 4. L.: Nauka, 1-464. (In Russian).

69. Manilo, L.G., A.R. Boltachev, E.P. Karpova. 2013. Gobiidae invasive species of the Crimean marine waters. Zbirnykpratz Zool. muzeyu, 44: 50-69. (In Russian).

70. Manilo, L.G. 2014. Ryby semeystva Bychkovye (Perciformes, Gobiidae) morskikh i solonovatykh vod Ukrainy. Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1-243. (In Russian).

71. Manilo, L.G., K.A. Redinov. 2019. Distribution of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Sparidae, Perciformes) in the waters of Ukraine. GEO&BIO, 18: 119-122.

72. Marine Species Identification Portal. 2000. (Злектронньїй документ) (www.species-identification.org). Mediterranee et Mer Noire. 1987. Vertebres. Fiches; l'identification des especes pour les besoides de la peche. Eds. W. Fischer, W. Schneider, M.-L. Bauchot. 2. Rome: FAO; CEE; Organisation des Natiions Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, 763-1529.

73. Mengi, T. 1971. Flatfish and their population in Turkish Seas. Bull. Sci. Fac. Istanbul Univ., 1-2: 53-70.

74. Miller, P.J. 1986. Gobiidae. Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Eds P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau et al. 3. Paris: UNESCO, 1019-1085.

75. Miller, P.J., M.Y. El-Tawil. 1974. A multidisciplinary approach to a new species of Gobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from southern Cornwall. J. Zool., 174: 539-574.

76. Milovanov, A.I., V.E. Dubovik. 2013. The first finding of Sparus aurata L., 1758 (Sparidae, Perciformes) in the Sea of Azov. Morskoy ekologicheskiy zhurnal, 12 (4): 52. (In Russian).

77. Minchin, D. 1988. Couchs goby, Gobius couchi (Teleostei: Gobiidae), from Irish waters. J. Zool., 33: 821-822. Movchan, Yu.V. 2011. Fishes of Ukraine. Vyznachnyk-dovidnyk. Kyiv, Zoloti vorota, 1-420. (In Ukrainian) Nielsen, J.G. 1986. Scophthalmidae. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Eds. Whitehead P.J.P., Bauchot M.L., Hureau J. C.et al. Paris: UNESCO, 3: 1287-1293.

78. Pashkov, A.N., S.I. Reshetnikov, A.A. Makhrov. 2013. K voprosu o vstrechayemosti v vodakh Krasnodarskogo kray a chetyrekhpolosogo khromogobiusa Chromogobius quadrivittatus (Steindachner, 1863) (Pisces, Gobiidae). Sovrememennyye rybokhozyaystvennyye i ekologicheskiye problemy Azovo-Chernomorskogo regiona. Mater. VIIIMezhdunar.konf. Kerch' YUGNIRO, 26-27 iyunya 2013 g., 83-87.] (In Russian) Pchelina, Z.M. 1939. Novyy vid i rod bychka iz solenogo ozera Abrauskogo poluostrova (basseyn Chernogo morya) Relictogobius kryzanovskii n. g., n. sp. Dokl. AN SSSR, 23 (6): 586-589. (In Russian).

79. Pinchuk, V.I. 1987. Taksonomicheskiye zametki o bychkovykh (Perciformes, Gobiidae) fauny Ukrainy. Vestnik zoologii, 5: 30-35. (In Russian).

80. Prishchepa, R.E., A.R. Boltachev, E.P. Karpova. 2018. The diversity of gobies (Perciformes: Gobiidae) of the Karkinitsky gulf (the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula). Tez. konf. «Biologicheskoye raznoobraziye: izucheniye, sokhraneniye, vosstanovleniye, ratsionalnoye ispoVzovaniye», Kerch, dekabr' 2018, 259-265. (In Russian).

81. Puzanov, I.I. 1967. Mediterranizatsiya fauny Chernogo morya i perspektivy yeye usileniya. Zool. zhurnal, 46 (9): 1287-1297. (In Russian).

82. Salekhova, L.P., N.S. Kostenko. 1989. Ryby. Flora i fauna zapovednikov SSSR. Fauna Karadagskogo prirodnogo zapovednika: operativno-informatsionnyy material. Moskva, 21-33. (In Russian).

83. Scsepka, S., H. Ahnelt. 1999. Wiederbeschreibung von Gammogobius steinitzi Bath, 1971 sowie ein Erstnachweis von Corcyrogobius liechtensteini (Kolombatovic, 1891) fur Frankreich (Pisces, Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana biol., 79: 71-81.

84. Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos. 2006. Alien marine species in the Mediterranean -- the 100 `worst invasives' and their impact Mediterranean. Marine Science, 7: 87-118.

85. Svetovidov, A.N. 1964. Fish of the Black Sea. Moskva-Leningrad: Nauka, 1-550. (In Russian).

86. Tkachenko, P.V. 2012. The fishes of Tendrovskaya, Yagorlytskaya Bays and the adjacent aquatorium of the Black Sea. V sb.: Pryrodnychyy al'manakh. Biolohichni nauky. Vyp. 18. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats'. Kherson: PAT «Khersonska miska drukarnya», 181-193. (In Russian).

87. Vasileva, E.D. 2007. Fish of the Black Sea. Key to Marine, Brackish-water, Euryhaline, and Anadromous Species with Color Illustrations Collected by S.V. Bogorodsky. Moskva: VNIRO Publishing, 1-238. (In Russian) Vasileva, E.D., S.V. Bogorodskii. 2004. Two New Species of Gobies (Gobiidae) in the Ichthyofauna of the Black Sea Voprosy ikhtiologii, 44 (5): 599-606. (In Russian).

88. Vassilev, M., A. Apostolou, B. Velkov et al. 2012. Atlas of the Gobies (Gobiidae) in Bulgaria. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1-112.

89. Vinogradov, A.K, S.A. Khutornoy. 2013. Ikhtiofanua Odesskogo regiona severo-zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya (biologicheskiye, ekologicheskiye, ekologo-morfologicheskiye osobennosti). Odessa: Astroprint, 1-224. (In Russian).

90. Vinogradov, K.A. 1949. Spisok ryb Chernogo morya, vstrechayushchikhsyav rayone Karadagskoy biologicheskoy stantsii, s zamechaniyami ob ikh biologii i ekologii. Trudy Karadag. biol. st., 7: 76-106. (In Russian).

91. Wirtz, P., R. Herrera. 1995. The lobster Enoplometopus antillensis (Decapoda: Enoplometopidae), and the goby Gobius xanthocephalus (Pisces: Gobiidae) -- new records for the marine fauna of the Canary Islands. Arquipelago: Bol. Univ. Acor. Cien. biol. e mar., 13A: 115-118.

92. Yankova, M., D. Pavlov, P. Ivanova, E. Karpova, A. Boltachev, L. Bat, M. Oral, M. Mgeladze. 2013. Annotated check list of the non-native fish species (Pisces) of the Black Sea. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 19 (2): 247-255.

93. Zaytsev, Yu.P. 2006. Vvedeniye v ekologiyu Chornogo morya. Odessa: Even, 1-224. (In Russian).

Размещено на Allbest.ru

...