English Culture

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Тульский филиал

Федерального государственного образовательного учреждения

высшего и профессионального образования

«Московский государственный университет культуры и искусства»

Т. В. Колчева, М. В. Тарасова

English Culture

Английская культура

Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку

Тула - 2006

ББК 81.2 Англ. - 923

А 64 Утверждена на

Ученом совете

Тульского филиала

ФГОУ ВПО МГУКИ

«____» ______________ 2006 г.

А 64 Английская культура: учебно-методическое пособие / Сост.: Т. В. Колчева, М. В. Тарасова. - Тула: МГУКИ (Тул. филиал), 2006. - 47 с.

Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов гуманитарных специальностей высших учебных заведений.

Рецензент: доцент, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент каф. иностранных языков ТГПУ им. Л. Н. Толстого Л. В.Шишова.

Методические рекомендации

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов заочного отделения I и II курсов гуманитарных специальностей высших учебных заведений.

Цель данного пособия - познакомить студентов с разными сторонами культуры англоязычных стран.

Пособие состоит из четырех частей, соответствующих числу семестров изучения иностранного языка. В каждой части рассматриваются две основные темы, раскрывающиеся в специально подобранных текстах. Каждый текст предваряется фонетическими упражнениями (отработка чтения имен собственных и сложных слов). После каждого текста можно увидеть список слов с переводом и лексико-грамматические упражнения, направленные на отработку лексического материала, а также формирующие умение искать определенную информацию в тексте. Каждая часть завершается тестом, который позволяет проверить у студентов усвоение фактического материала части.

Все тексты могут быть использованы как в аудиторной, так и во внеаудиторной работе. Широта тематики позволяет привлекать обширный дополнительный материал, а также может служить источником тем для рефератов.

Данное учебно-методическое пособие может использоваться как дополнительный материал для очной формы обучения в ходе изучения английского языка как первого иностранного языка на неязыковых специальностях вузов, а также на факультетах иностранных языков для студентов, изучающих английский язык как второй.

Unit I

TEXT I

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand, the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America, the USA, London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, the English Channel, the Strait of Dover, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol, Mexico, Washington, Boston, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C. (District of Columbia), Portugal, Sri Lanka, Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Auckland, Wellington.

2. Read after the speaker:

Island, population, manufactured goods, resources, government, mountain, mountainous, province, hydro-electric station.

English-Speaking Countries

Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the country. The UK is an island country, it consists of 5,500 islands, large and small. The two biggest islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the country is 244,100 square kilometers. The UK is situated off the north-west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The population of the UK is over 57 million people. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. But it is not rich in mineral resources. Great Britain exports manufactured goods made of imported materials. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol and Edinburgh.

The United States of America is one of the biggest countries in the world. It is situated in North America and covers the territory of about 9,364 thousand square kilometers. It borders on Canada in the north, Mexico in the south. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and by the Pacific in the west. The population of the country is over 220 million people. The country is divided into fifty states, each of which has its own capital and government. The capital of the whole country is Washington, D.C. (District of Columbia). It doesn't belong to any state. There are many large and modern cities, such as Washington, Boston, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and others.

Ireland is an island to the west of Europe. It is a little smaller than Portugal and a little bigger than Sri Lanka. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and the Irish Sea in the east. The island is divided into two parts. The larger part, the Republic of Ireland, is in the south, with the population about 3,5 million people. Its capital is Dublin. The smaller part, Northern Ireland, belongs to the United Kingdom, and its big city is Belfast. There are about 1,6 million people in Northern Ireland. Ireland is a small country, but a lot of people in the world know about it. Ireland has never been a very rich country. It is not rich in money, but it is very rich in other things - in music, in poetry. Ireland is a beautiful country, with fine lakes and high mountains.

Canada has an area of nearly ten million square kilometers. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean. There are many islands in the north of Canada. Canada has mountains, high plains and low plains. It is a country of lakes. Besides the Great Lakes - the Superior, the Huron, the Erie and the Ontario, there are many other very large lakes. The population of Canada is over 24 million people. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large important cities are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton, etc. Canada is rich in ore, oil and gas, and the metal-working, machine-building, automotive and ship-building industries are highly developed. Canada is a federal state and a member of the Commonwealth. It consists of ten provinces and two territories. Each province has its own government.

Australia is a federal state within the Commonwealth. Its territories are the continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an area of about 8 million square kilometers. The continent of Australia is mostly a great plain with mountains in the east and south-east. There are three big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. Each city is the capital of the state in which it is situated. Australia is rich in minerals, which are mined in different parts of the country. Today there are about 15 million people in Australia; most of them are of British origin.

New Zealand, an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth, is situated south-east of Australia. The country consists of three large islands, called North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, and many small islands. New Zealand is a mountainous country. New Zealand's natural resources are not rich - timber, coal, natural gas, iron ore, building materials and fast rivers on which hydro-electric stations have been built. The country produces goods of different kinds. The main cities in North Island are Auckland and Wellington, the capital. The population of New Zealand is over three million people.

Words:

capital channel the Commonwealth government hydro-electric station industrial island iron ore mountainous plain population province timber to be developed to be divided (into) to be rich (in) to be separated (from) to be situated to be washed (by) to border (on) to mine to occupy to produce	столица канал содружество стран правительство гидроэлектростанция промышленный остров железная руда гористый равнина население провинция строевой лес быть развитым быть разделённым на быть богатым (о ресурсах) отделять быть расположенным омываться граничить добывать занимать производить

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the population of the UK?

2. What is the area of the UK?

3. How many islands does the UK consist of?

4. What are the main parts of the UK and their capitals?

5. What is the official name of the UK?

6. What separates the country from the continent?

7. How big is the USA?

8. Where is the capital of the USA situated?

9. What oceans is the USA washed by?

10. What is the geographical position of the Republic of Ireland?

11. What is the capital of the Republic of Ireland?

12. What are the two parts of the island?

13. What is Ireland rich in?

14. What kind of state is Canada?

15. How many provinces and territories does Canada consist of?

16. What is the territory of Australia?

17. What are the largest cities of Australia?

18. Is Australia rich in mineral resources?

19. What islands does New Zealand consist of?

20. Name the main natural resources of New Zealand.

3. Speech exercises.

a) Describe the geographical position of some English-speaking countries.

b) Guess the name of the country described in the paragraphs.

(1) It is the world's largest island and the smallest continent. Its area is about the same as that of the USA (without Alaska). It is washed by the Pacific and Indian oceans.

(2) It is the world's second largest country. It has six time zones, ten provinces and two national languages (English and French). It has more lakes and rivers than any other country. Three quarters of the country are uninhabited: there are still wild and lonely areas where you can see polar bears and wolves.

4. Find English equivalents in the text.

Занимать территорию, островное государство, население, крупнейшие города, квадратные километры, состоять из островов, граничить с, правительство, омываться океаном, быть разделенным на штаты, к западу от Европы, прекрасные озера, возвышенность, низменность, быть богатым рудой, кораблестроение, член Содружества, добывать минералы, различные части страны, независимое государство, гористая страна, железная руда.

TEXT II

1. Read after the speaker:

British, Edward Tylor, the British Association for the Advancement of Science

2. Pay attention to the following words and word-combinations:

Acquisition, efficient, advancement, exhaustive, advertiser, inspire, ample, intricately, anthropologist, inventory, apparent, involve, aspiration, major, association, manual, awareness, observation, behaviour, patterned, committee, significant, component, socially, consciousness, threshold, creative, value.

What is Culture?

The word culture can be used in two senses: to mean the whole way of life of a definite group of people; and to mean the arts, learning, and all creative efforts. The second meaning is usually referred to as “high culture.”

The modern definition of culture was first proposed by the nineteenth-century British anthropologist, Edward Tylor, who defined it as socially patterned human thought and behaviour.

The first inventory of categories was undertaken in 1872 by a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which was assisted by Tylor. The committee prepared an anthropological field manual that listed seventy-six culture topics. The most exhaustive list was first published in 1938 and is still used as a guide.

Culture involves at least three components: what people think, what they do, and the material products they produce. Thus, mental processes, beliefs, knowledge, and values are parts of culture.

Culture can be defined as ideas, customs, skills, arts, tools, aspirations, and attitudes, which characterize a given group of people in a given period of time. It is a system of integrated patterns, most of which remain below the threshold of consciousness, yet all of which influence human behaviour. Culture is the context within which we exist, think, feel, and relate to others. It is the “glue” that binds a group of people together.

A language is a part of culture and culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwoven, so one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture. It is apparent that culture, as an ingrained set of behaviour and models of perception, becomes highly important in the learning of a second language. The acquisition of a second language is also the acquisition of a second culture. Both linguists and anthropologists bear ample testimony to this observation.

Culture - beliefs, attitudes, aspirations, pragmatic designs and fantasies, actions and reactions - is studied by advertisers all over the world. Advertisers try to find ways that might inspire people of a given culture to buy a product of one manufacturer rather than of another. Although the great role of the language used in advertisements is undeniable, the knowledge of cultural concepts is quite a significant factor, too. Cultural awareness of advertisers can make advertising campaigns more efficient, bringing major practical results.

Words:

inventory exhaustive to involve tool aspiration threshold consciousness glue intricately significance ingrained perception acquisition ample testimony observation to inspire awareness	список исчерпывающий, всесторонний включать инструмент, орудие стремление порог, преддверие сознание клей сложно, запутанно значение, смысл проникший восприятие, осознание, понимание приобретение, поступление достаточный показание, признак наблюдение вдохновлять, вселять сознание

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. How did E. Tylor define “culture”?

2. When was the first inventory of cultural categories undertaken?

3. What are the three components of culture?

4. What does culture include?

5. What new information did you get from the text?

3. Find the proper place for the words from the box:

Assisted Glue Patterned Behaviour High Proposed Beliefs Human Skills Culture Inventory Socially Exhaustive Involves Thought Field Manual Values

a) The modern definition of culture was _________ by Tylor.

b) The Committee __________________ by Tylor prepared an anthropological culture ____________ ___________ that listed seventy-six culture topics.

c) The first ____________ of cultural categories was made in 1872.

d) Culture is the _____________ that binds people together.

e) Culture ______________ what people think, what they do and what they produce.

f) Mental processes, ______________, knowledge, ___________, and __________ are parts of culture.

g) The most __________ list of culture topics was published in 1938.

h) Edward Tylor originally defined culture as _____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ and ____________.

i) Arts can be defined as ______________ ____________.

4. Match the words with their meanings:

a) anthropologist h) threshold

b) attitude i) custom

c) behave j) human

d) belief k) tool

e) ingrained l) bind

f) skill m) creative

g) value

1) A special ability to do something well, especially as gained by learning and practice.

2) Having qualities that distinguish people.

3) The lowest level at which something begins to operate, happen, produce an effect etc.

4) The usefulness, helpfulness, or importance of something.

5) Having power to make something new or original.

6) The feeling that something is true or that really exists.

7) A scientist engaged in study of the human race, including its different types and its beliefs, social habits and organization, arts and way of life.

8) The instrument held in the hands and used by workman.

9) Fixed firmly and deeply, so that it is difficult to remove or destroy.

TEST ON UNIT I

1. How many countries are there in the UK?

a) 2;

b) 3;

c) 4.

2. Who is the head of the UK?

a) the President;

b) the King or the Queen;

c) the Prime Minister.

3. Everybody knows that London is the capital of the UK, but can you name the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales?

1) Belfast, Edinburgh, Cardiff;

2) Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen;

3) Bristol, Dublin, Birmingham.

4. Where did the Beatles come from?

a) London;

b) Manchester;

c) Liverpool.

5. The United Kingdom has the land border with:

a) France;

b) Portugal;

c) the Irish Republic.

6. What is the favourite sport in the UK?

a) football;

b) baseball;

c) golf.

7. They say the Loch Ness Monster lives in a lake in:

a) Scotland;

b) Wales;

c) Ireland.

8. Which is the most widely spoken language in the world?

a) English;

b) Russian;

c) Mandarin Chinese.

9. Canada is a country of lakes. Choose the lake which is situated in another country:

a) the Ontario;

b) the Huron;

c) the Michigan;

d) the Victoria.

10. The capital of Canada is:

a) Ottawa;

b) Canberra;

c) Toronto;

d) Washington.

11. Australia is not rich in:

a) minerals;

b) sugar;

c) sheep stations;

d) computer building.

12. Canada consists of:

a) provinces;

b) territories;

c) provinces and territories.

13. New Zealand is:

a) a member of the Commonwealth;

b) a slave state;

c) an independent monarchy.

14. The first inventory of cultural categories was undertaken by a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which was assisted by Tylor …

a) in 1872;

b) in 1938;

c) in 1900.

15. The committee prepared an anthropological field manual that listed

a) one hundred culture topics;

b) seventy-six culture topics;

c) sixty-seven culture topics.

Unit II

TEXT I

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Christmas Day, Norway, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Trafalgar Square, Father Christmas, Santa Clause, Guy Fowkes, the Houses of Parliament, the Tower, King James I, St. Valentine's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labour Day, Halloween, All Saints' Day, Thanksgiving Day.

2. Read after the speaker:

Chimney, sleigh, firecracker, cemetery, exchange, ghost, bomb.

Holidays in Great Britain and in the USA

There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Easter Monday, May Day and others. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed.

The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated.

The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at the end of their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets.

Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually meet for the big dinner of turkey and pudding. And everyone gives and receives presents. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives.

In the United States Christmas is usually a one-day official holiday, marked by special church services, gift-giving and feasting. Santa Clause comes from the North Pole in his sleigh, dressed in a red cap and jacket, entering the house through the chimney. He is a fat and merry individual. He has gifts of whatever you may wish for.

New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. But both in Britain and in the USA people stay awake until after night on December the 31st to watch the Old Year out and the New Year in. Many parties are given on this night. Theaters, night clubs, restaurants are crowded. When midnight comes, they greet the New Year: people gather in the streets of big cities, they ring bells, blow whistles and automobile horns, some shoot off guns and firecrackers.

On the 30th of May American people celebrate Memorial Day. It is a national holiday. On that day the Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. The cemeteries are decorated with flags on that day.

One more national public holiday in the USA is Independence Day, celebrated on the 4th of July. On this day, in 1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence. This holiday is considered to be the most important.

Easter is a church holiday. The Americans give each other presents of coloured or even decorated eggs which are the symbol of new life. The Easter hare, which children believe, brings the Easter eggs, may be understood as a transformed Easter lamb. There is a belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck throughout the year.

The first Monday in September is Labour Day. It marks the end of the summer and the beginning of autumn. Parents go to summer camps and take their children back home.

The 14th of February - St. Valentine's Day - is not a national holiday in the USA, but it is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of “valentines”. A “valentine” is a greeting red card with red trimming and pictures of hearts.

Halloween is the day before All Saints' Day. Children dress up as ghosts and witches and go out into the streets on that day. They go from house to house and say: “Trick or treat!” People give them candy, cookies and apples. A favourite custom is to make a jack-o'-lantern. Children scrape out a pumpkin and cut the outlines of eyes, nose and mouth in its side. They light a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends.

Besides public holidays there some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on the 5th of November. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fowkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The king's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head. Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off fireworks. This dummy is called a “guy”. Children can often be seen in the streets before the 5th of November saying “Penny for the guy”, in such a way they collect some money to buy fireworks.

On the fourth Thursday of November the Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day. It is the family day when all members of the family gather at home. The family eats a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

Words:

stocking chimney turkey feasting sleigh gift whistle horn firecracker to honour cemetery to sign ghost witch treat trick to scrape out to scare to blow up to succeed to cut off smb's head dummy bonfire to let off fireworks	чулок труба индейка праздник празднество сани подарок свистулька гудок, сирена автомобиля фейерверк чтить память кладбище подписывать призрак, приведение ведьма угощение шутка скоблить пугать, испугать взорвать добиваться успеха отрубить кому-либо голову чучело костер yстраивать фейерверк

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Are there many public holidays in Britain?

2. What is a “bank holiday”?

3. What is the most popular holiday in GB?

4. Every year Swedish people give London a present, don't they?

5. What do children leave at the end of their beds? Explain why.

6. Is New Year's Day more or less popular in Britain than Christmas?

7. Who was Guy Fowkes?

8. Why do people present each other coloured eggs on Easter?

9. When do Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day?

10. Where do people celebrate New Year's Day?

3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Каждый год норвежцы дарят Лондону подарок.

2. Веселье начинается накануне, 24 декабря.

3. Санта Клаус приезжает с северного полюса на санях. Он одет в красный колпак и красную куртку.

4. Дети одеваются в маскарадные костюмы и выходят на улицу.

5. В этот день в 1605 году Гай Фокс пытался взорвать здание Парламента и убить короля Джеймса I.

6. Валентинка - это поздравительная открытка красного цвета с изображением сердец.

7. 14 февраля - День Святого Валентина - не является национальным праздником в США, но его отмечают люди всех возрастов.

8. Люди верят, что если надеть три новые вещи на Пасху, то это принесет удачу на весь год.

4. Insert the necessary words.

1. …is not a national holiday in the USA, but it is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of `valentines'.

2. …is celebrated on the first Monday in September.

3. …is the day when all members of the family gather at home to celebrate it.

4. …is the day when the cemeteries are decorated with flags.

5. …marks the end of summer and the beginning of autumn.

5. Match the columns:

30th of May Thanksgiving Day

4th of July Christmas

the fourth Thursday of

November Memorial Day

14th of February Independence Day

25th of December Labour Day

the first Monday of

September St. Valentine's Day

TEXT II

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Europe, William Byrd, Elgar, Machael Tippett, Benjamin Britten, William Walton, John McCloughlin, Django Bates, Geoff Simkins, Courtney Pine, Steve Williamson, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, the Beatles, the Queen, the Rolling Stones, the Animals, Herman's Hermits.

2. Read after the speaker:

Musician, originality, harpsichord, contemporary, guitar, saxophone, popularity, successfully.

Music in Britain

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries English musicians had a great reputation in Europe, both for their talent and for their originality. It was their experiments in keyboard music which helped to form the base from which grew most of the great harpsichord and piano music. William Byrd was the most distinguished English composer of this time, and his name is still widely known.

In the centuries which followed, England produced no composers of the world rank except for Henry Purcell in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and Elgar in the twentieth century. Today, however, many people believe that there has been too much of English music, and that the compositions of some contemporary composers will live on after their deaths. The music of Michael Tippett, Benjamin Britten and William Walton is performed all over the world.

In 1950s, American popular music spread all over the world.

Besides classical music there is pop, folk, rock and all that jazz. Jazz came from America, but today it is international music and British has a small but powerful jazz scene. Jazz can be heard in pubs and clubs all over the country, and the brilliance of the musicianship is more exciting since you can get up close to it. Some great English jazz names are John McCloughlin (guitar), Django Bates (keyboards) and Geoff Simkins (saxophone). The future for jazz looks good as there is a generation of new talents such as some excellent young black players like Courtney Pine and Steve Williamson.

In the 1950s American popular music spread all over the world. Because of the common language, it was more popular in Britain than in other countries. People listened with pleasure to Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Doris Day; then with shock, horror and delight to Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley. Whatever Americans produced, Britain enjoyed.

Rock'n'roll got very big popularity in Britain and in fact some American rockers had more fans here then at home. There were a great many of groups and vocal singers who imitated American groups and singers, sometimes quite successfully. The Beatles appeared in such a way, but their luck was great, they became very popular all over the world. They were the first British artists to break into the US market. Soon there was international success for the Rolling Stones, the Animals, the Queen, the Herman's Hermits and others.

Words:

musician originality keyboard music harpsichord to distinguish contemporary composers brilliance of the musicianship excellent players common language popularity international success	музыкант оригинальность клавишная музыка клавесин отличать, выделять современные композиторы великолепие содружества музыкантов великолепные музыканты общий язык популярность международный уcпех

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Was Britain rich in talented composers?

2. Who was the most distinguished composer of Britain?

3. What kind of musical instruments were popular in the 16th and 17th centuries?

4. Where did Jazz appear from?

5. When did pop and rock music begin to spread all over the Britain?

6. What famous British rock groups do you know?

3. True or false?

1. Britain is the motherland of great many of classical composers.

2. Britain was poor with composers.

3. Britain was rich in scientists and philosophers.

4. Elvis Presley was the king of the UK.

5. The Queen of the UK presented the Beatles with knight's rank.

6. Jazz came from Africa.

7. Jazz is popular all over the world.

4. Translate into English:

1) Музыканты в 16 и 17 веках были широко известны публике своим талантом и оригинальностью.

2) Джазовая музыка появилась в Америке и широко распространилось по всему миру.

3) Джаз играют в пабах и клубах, что помогает чувствовать эту музыку ближе.

4) Будущее джаза выглядит оптимистично благодаря молодым талантливым музыкантам.

5) В 50е годы ХХ века по всему миру распространилась американская поп и рок музыка.

6) Это было совершенно новое музыкальное направление.

7) Элвис Пресли был самым знаменитым рок певцом.

8) Американцы до сих пор называют Элвиса Пресли королём рок-н-ролла.

9) Биттлз появились на почве всеобщего подражания американской музыке.

10) Успех «Битлз» был невероятным.

11) С тех пор английские группы - одни из самых популярных в мире.

TEST ON UNIT II

1. When do the British decorate their trees?

a) on the 25th of December, in the morning;

b) on the 24th of December;

c) whenever they like;

d) two weeks before the holiday.

2.What do children hang at the end of their beds?

a) shoes;

b) gloves;

c) stockings;

d) boxes made by themselves.

3. What is a jack-o'-lantern made of?

a) a pumpkin;

b) a cucumber;

c) a watermelon;

d) an egg.

4. What was Guy Fawkes famous for?

a) he tried to kill the king of England;

b) he tried to put the king into the Tower;

c) he put the bomb to the Houses of Parliament;

d) he cut off the king's head.

5. When was the Declaration of Independence of the USA signed?

a) in 1776;

b) in 1812;

c) in 1917;

d) in 1066.

6. What is considered to be the symbol of new life?

a) a pumpkin;

b) an egg;

c) an apple;

d) cookies.

7. What holiday is celebrated in spring?

a) Thanksgiving Day;

b) Halloween;

c) St. Valentine's Day;

d) Labour Day.

8. Where does the present of Norway usually stand?

a) near the Houses of Parliament;

b) in Trafalgar Square;

c) in Buckingham Palace;

d) near St. Paul's Cathedral.

9. What is the traditional meal for Thanksgiving Day?

a) turkey and cranberry sauce;

b) turkey and pudding;

c) pudding and cranberry sauce;

d) cranberry sauce, pudding and turkey.

10. What should one do to be lucky throughout the year?

a) decorate an egg;

b) make a `valentine';

c) wear three new things;

d) make a jack-o'-lantern.

11. Elvis Presley was a famous …

a) singer;

b) composer;

c) writer.

12. William Byrd was popular …

a) in the 20th century;

b) in the 19th century;

c) in the 17th century;

d) nowadays.

Unit III

TEXT I

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Louis Jouvet, Greece, Dionysus, James Burbage, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare, Lord Chamberlain, Broadway

2. Read after the speaker:

Character, adventure, excitement, vaudeville, courtyards, significant, repertory, audience, extensive, troupe.

Theatre

Theatre is a magic word for many people. Theatre has long been important in British and American cultural life. Some people go to the theatre to laugh, to relax, to escape from their everyday worries and cares. Others go to be emotionally stirred, to live (in a second-hand way) through the troubles and crises of the characters on the stage. Still others seek adventure and excitement. Some are curious to find out how other people live. Some go to learn, to be taught a moral lesson. As the French actor Louis Jouvet said, “Faced with the mystery of life, men invented the theatre.”

There are many different kinds of theatre performances. Circus, carnival, night club, fair, vaudeville, musical comedy, ballet, modern dance, opera, and operetta are all forms of theatre. Motion pictures, television, and radio present all these forms.

Attending the theatre in ancient Greece was a great festive occasion. The statue of Dionysus, god of wine, was carried through the streets, leading a procession to the outdoor hillside theatre where the plays were to be performed. Several plays, all religious and nationalistic in character, were shown in one day. The spectators thrilled to the dramatic stories of gods and heroes and had the added excitement of witnessing a contest, for the best playwright was awarded a prize. Greek theatre had its origins in song and dance.

The drama of the Middle Ages began with a simple Latin dialogue spoken in the church. The dialogue grew into plays. At first they were in Latin and acted out in the church. Later they were in the people's language and acted out on the church steps or in the courtyards of inns.

Before 1576 there was no proper theatre in London. The first one, called simply the Theatre, was built by James Burbage in 1576. Many more theatres were built in short order--the Curtain, Rose, Swan, Hope, Fortune, and most important, the Globe. The Globe Theatre opened in 1599, with “Julius Caesar” as one of its first productions. It staged the first performances of many of Shakespeare's tragedies. The plays were acted by the Lord Chamberlain's men, later known as the King's Men. Shakespeare was an actor in this company.

The most significant development in theatre in the decades after World War II was diversity. London continued to maintain its leadership in theatre in the United Kingdom. Especially significant were the efforts of the Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre, and the English Stage Company. By the early 1980s there were more than 300 small repertory theatre troupes operating in Great Britain. They performed in colleges, at private clubs, in pubs, and outdoors. Their productions were varied enough to attract very diverse audiences--in many cases people who had never attended theatre before.

Although Broadway - New York City's theatrical district--has long been synonymous with theatre for most Americans, the United States has never been without an extensive network of theatres. Most of these depended on travelling troupes of dramatic artists, musicians, or vaudevillians working out of New York or Europe. After 1945, however, there was a strong growth of local theatre. Much of it was summer stock, but some companies had regular seasons and depended on local talent. The works presented were normally standard productions - either classics or plays that had originated on Broadway.

Words:

to escape performance fair festive occasion outdoor hillside theatre excitement playwright courtyards of inns significant to maintain	удалиться, убежать представление ярмарка яркое событие амфитеатр волнение драматург внутренние дворы гостиниц значительный продолжать

Tasks for the discussion

english culture music cinema

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What forms of theatre performance are there?

2. Where did theatre appear?

3. Where was the drama of the Middle Ages acted out?

4. What theatres in London do you know?

5. When did theatre life in Britain develop intensively?

6. What is the most important performance centre in the USA?

3. Match the words with similar meaning:

1) show	a) leading actor
2) star	b) company
3) contemporary	c) unforgettable
4) audience	d) decoration
5) troupe	e) performance
6) memorable	f) spectators
7) design	g) modern

4. Find the proper place for the words under the line:

Cinema has not destroyed live _________, as some thought it would. Theatre-going actually increased during the 20th century, the age of ________. The theatre and the cinema have a sort of symbolic relationship, with many _________, _______ and _________ doing both. Sir Anthony Hopkings, Hew Grant and Emma Thompson all had careers on the _______ before going into films. The theatre writer Tom Stoppard wrote the ___________for the hugely successful “Shakespeare in Love”. Actors in the theatre quite often go into films for the ________ and ________, and later come back to the stage for the _________ and artistic ____________.

Screenplay, film, writers, satisfaction, money, pleasure, theatre, actors, directors, fame, stage.

TEXI II A

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Steven Spielberg, New Jersey, Arizona, World War II, Escape to Nowhere, Firelight, Jaws, Hollywood, Close Encounters, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park.

2. Read after the speaker:

Magician, laughter, scientist, saucer, project, financially, entrepreneur, restaurant, enough.

Steven Spielberg: Movie Wizard

He seems to be the all-power wizard and a cinematic magician for us. His films make us scream with laughter or shiver with horror.

The son of a computer scientist and a gifted pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. He was 11 when he first got his dad's camera and began shooting short films about flying saucers and World War II battles.

At the age of 13 he won a contest with his 40-minute film Escape to Nowhere. At the age of 16 he produced the movie Firelight and it was shown at the local cinema.

But a real success came in 1975, when Spielberg created “Jaws”. That little fish tale became the biggest hit of its time. This movie opened up the doors for Spielberg to work on many more great projects. And he went on to shake Hollywood with Close Encounters, Raiders of the Lost Ark, ET, and Jurassic Park.

Today, Spielberg is one of the most financially successful filmmakers. But his talents aren't limited to the movies set. Spielberg has also proved to be one of Hollywood's most nimble entrepreneurs. His business empire includes video games, toys and even restaurants.

But what is his source of inspiration? He draws it from his 7 children (two of them are adopted). Spielberg likes to spend time with his children. His house resembles a large playground - he keeps there two parrots, several snakes, and a fish tank.

Ask him where he gets his ideas and he shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive,” he says. “There are movies I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it.”

Does he ever worry that he will run out of ideas? “I don't have enough time in a lifetime to tell all the stories I want to tell,” says Spielberg. It sounds like the story master is going to be busy for a long, long time…

Words:

all-power wizard cinematic magician to shiver with horror scientist to shoot flying saucer a contest to produce jaw to open up the doors for smb to shake an ark to limit nimble entrepreneur to include the source of inspiration to resemble to shrug a variety of reasons to run out of smth lifetime	всемогущий волшебник, колдун, маг, чародей кино-фокусник дрожать от ужаса ученый снимать фильмы летающая тарелка конкурс создавать челюсть открывать все двери для к.-л. потрясать ковчег ограничивать ловкий предприниматель включать что-либо в себя источник вдохновения походить, иметь сходство пожимать плечами разнообразные причины иссякать целая жизнь

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Where was Steven Spielberg born?

2. Who was his father?

3. When did Spielberg shoot his first film?

4. What was his first successful film?

5. His business empire includes video, toys and small countries, doesn't it?

6. How many children has Spielberg?

7. Are Spielberg's children his source of inspiration?

8. Does Spielberg like his job? Explain why?

9. What is his nick-name?

3. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Steven Spielberg is an actor.

2. Steven Spielberg is a great filmmaker.

3. Steven Spielberg created Frankenstein.

4. Steven Spielberg shook Hollywood.

5. Spielberg owns the whole empire.

6. Spielberg adopted five children.

7. Spielberg has a zoo in his house.

8. Spielberg has not any source of inspiration.

9. Spielberg is the most unsuccessful director.

10. Spielberg is constantly worrying about his ideas.

4. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Стивен Спилберг - один из самых лучших режиссёров наших дней.

2. Он создал множество фильмов, которые потрясли Голливуд.

3. Фильм «Челюсти» был его первым успехом.

4. Он начал снимать свои первые фильмы в 11 лет.

5. В возрасте 13 лет он победил в конкурсе со своей сорокаминутной картиной «Побег в никуда».

6. Империя Спилберга включает в себя сеть ресторанов, видео игры и игрушки.

7. Дети - источник вдохновения Спилберга.

TEXT II B

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Charles Chaplin, William Gillette, Fred Kamo, Mutual Company, The Floorwalker, The Rink, The Gold Rush, The Great Dictator, Landru, Mussolini.

2. Read after the speaker:

Eventually, to make a detour, vaudeville, a legitimate theatre, world famous, a tramp, to become firmly established, silent cinema, reissue, revelation, to be no doubt inevitable, to remain speechless, swansong, a contribution to film art, salary, to commemorate, divorce, crucial.

Charlie Chaplin - Comic Genius of the Cinema Screen

Charles Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London. His parents were music-hall performers and Charlie's early life was spent touring England. Eventually, he became a dancer in music-halls. He made one detour, at the age of 14, to play in the legitimate theatre in "Sherlock Holmes", with great William Gillette. Returning to vaudeville, Chaplin joined Fred Kamo's Company and accompanied the Kamo troupe in America, at that time he was starring in principal comedy parts. Chaplin soon entered the motion picture field (in 1913) and within one year became a world-famous star.

In 1916 he signed a contract with Mutual Company for what was, in those days, an unheard-of salary. But by that time he was world famous, and was writing and directing his own films. He was famous for his silent film comedies, in which he created acted the part of the “little man”, the Little Tramp with a small black moustache and a bowler hat, and floppy shoes, who walked with the backs of his feet together and the toes pointing outwards. He wore a shabby black suit, and always walked with the cane.

For Mutual Chaplin made some of his best short comedies, including The Floorwalker, The Rink, The Easy Street. In 1918 he joined First National, and for them made eight films, including A Dog's Life and Shoulder Arms. Then he built his own film studios and formed his own company, and in 1919 he joined (together with the other leading film-makers of the period - D. W. Griffith, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford ) in forming the United Artists Corporation.

The 1920s were the golden age of the silent cinema, and Chaplin entered this golden age with wealth, power, authority, and complete freedom as an independent producer of his own work.

It seemed that his lasting reputation rested on the films he had made between 1916 and 1926: The Gold Rush, The Kid, Shoulder Arms, Easy Street and other films. But from the beginning of the sound era things became more arguable.

It was no doubt inevitable that eventually Chaplin would have to talk on the screen, and he took the plunge at the end of The Great Dictator (1940), with a six minute speech. Monsieur Verdoux (1947) marked a complete break with the past: a talkative "comedy of murders" suggested by the life and career of Landru, it gave us a suave, middle-aged Chaplin very different from anything we had seen before. Limelight (1952) was something of a return to form. Its appearance marked the beginning of an unhappy period in Chaplin's life.

When he left America for the European premiere the State Department banned his reentry, and Chaplin took up residence, at first resentfully, in Switzerland.

His last film, A Countess from Hong Kong (1966), was a light romantic comedy. In 1973 he was at last received back with open arms into the American film establishment, given a special Oscar in recognition of his contribution to film art, and commemorated with a statue at the historic comer of Hollywood and Vine. In 1975 he was made KBE in the New Year's Honours. Whatever the ups and downs of taste in the years to come, his greatness as a clown and crucial role in the history and serious acceptance of the cinema as an art form are certain to stand the tests of time.

Words:

performer detour (to make a detour) a legitimate theatre vaudeville to accompany troupe unheard-of salary tramp firmly securely reissue to confirm revelation inevitable to take the plunge to ban to commemorate crucial	исполнитель окольный путь, обход (сделать крюк) драматический театр варьете, водевиль сопровождать труппа неслыханный жалованье бродяга твердо, крепко, устойчиво спокойно, безопасно, надежно переиздание подтверждать, ратифицировать откровение неизбежный, неминуемый сделать решительный шаг запрещать праздновать годовщину, чтить память решающий

Tasks for the discussion

1. Translate the text into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. When was Charles Chaplin born?

2. Charlie's early life was spent touring England, wasn't it? Why did he have such childhood?

3. What was his first job?

4. Where did Chaplin make a detour after the age of 14?

5. What was the famous Chaplin's character?

6. Have you seen Chaplin's films? Do you like them?

7. What most famous films do you know?

8. What happened in the sound era?

9. Did Chaplin's sound films have the same fame?

10. Is Charlie Chaplin famous in Russia?

TEST ON UNIT III

1. Where is Spielberg's motherland?

a) in the USA;

b) in the USSR;

c) in the Ukraine;

d) in the UK.

2. What was his hobby in his childhood?

a) shooting films;

b) shooting animals;

c) shooting animation films;

d) he just liked shooting something.

3. What was the name of Spielberg's first 40-minutes film?

a) Escape to Anywhere;

b) Escape to Jamaica;

c) Escape to Nowhere;

d) Escape to Whatever you want.

4. How many children has Spielberg?

a) 2;

b) 13;

c) 5;

d) 7.

5. When did Spielberg shoot “Jaws”?

a) in 1975;

b) in 1795;

c) in 1579;

d) in 1597.

6. What did Spielberg affect Hollywood?

a) he astonished it;

b) he burnt it;

c) he shook it;

d) he blew it.

7. How did people call Spielberg?

a) movie wizard;

b) movie magician;

c) movie sorcerer;

d) movie witch.

8. Who were Charles Chaplin's parents?

a) music-hall performers;

b) singers;

c) artists.

9. When did Chaplin firstly change his life?

a) after his parents' death;

b) at the age of 14;

c) at the age of 18.

10. The leading Charlie's character is

a) a little fellow;

b) a little farmer;

c) a little singer.

11. In 1919 he joined

a) the United Artists Corporation;

b) Fred Kamo's company;

c) the State Department.

12. What was the first Chaplin's speech film?

a) Monsieur Verdoux;

b) the Great Dictator;

c) Limelight.

Unit IV

TEXT I A

1. Pay attention to the following proper names:

Caedmon, St. Bede the Venerable, Beowulf, Julius Caesar, Sir Gawain, William Concerning Piers, William Langland, Canterbury, Chaucer, Thomas Melory, Le Morte d'Arthur, King Arthur, William Caxton, Thomas More, Utopia, Thomas Wyatt, Edmund Spenser, Renaissance, William Shakespeare, Richard, Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, Christopher Marlow, Dr. Faustus, Francis Bacon, Ben Johnson, Thomas Hobbs, Leviathan, Samuel Pepys, John Milton, William Congreve, Richard Steel, Joseph Addison, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver, John Gay, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge

2. Read after the speaker:

Theologian, chronologist, manuscript, paganism, medieval, aspiration, vigour, playwright, mysterious, circumstance, comprehensive, allegory, epistolary.

The History of English Literature

The literature of England is one of the highest achievements of a great nation. The language in which it is written has evolved over hundreds of years and is still changing. Several nations, including Canada, the United States, and Australia, are indebted to England for a literary heritage.

c. 658	An illiterate English shepherd named Caedmon composed (orally) his Hymn, which was commonly considered to be the earliest surviving Old English poem.
731 - 732	St. Bede the Venerable, theologian and chronologist, finished his historical work the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which contained the description of events from the raids of Julius Caesar to the development of Christianity in Britain.
1000	The only manuscript copy of the epic poem Beowulf, the oldest (c. 700 AD) of the great heroic epics written in English, was produced. Beowulf is an odd blend of Christianity and paganism. The story of Beowulf takes place in lands other than England, but the customs and manners described were those of the Anglo-Saxon people. This epic poem describes their heroic past.
1375	The medieval romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was composed by an unknown English poet.
1385	The poem the Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman was written by a poet believed to be William Langland.
1387	The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer's most enduring literary work and the project he devoted himself to until his death, began in London.
1470	English writer Sir Thomas Melory finished in prison Le Morte d'Arthur, the first English prose account of King Arthur and Fellowship of the Round Table.
1485	Le Morte d'Arthur was edited and printed by William Caxton, the first English printer
1516	English Humanist poet Sir Thomas More published his masterpiece (written in Latin), Utopia
c. 1530	English poet Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet form into English poetry
1579	English poet Edmund Spenser published the Shepheardes Calender (Shepherd's Calendar), which marked the beginning of the English Renaissance in literature.
1590 -1616	The “age” of the great English playwright William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616), who was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, became an actor in London and then the creator of the world's famous theatre “The Globe”. The poet wrote about the eternal things in life: love, death and high human aspirations. He reflected the spirit of the Renaissance. He taught to understand the essence of the human relations, passions and conflicts, and presented them with great dramatic vigour. “Richard III”, “Hamlet”, “Macbeth”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “A Midsummer Night's Dream”, “Much Ado About Nothing” and other plays belong to the golden pages of world's literature. William Shakespeare is also known as the author of poems and 154 sonnets. ...

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