Assessment of environment of an area’s social vulnerability: ecological aspect

- protection and restoration of forests, parks and other green spaces, as well as small rivers and lakes;

- creation of unified state digital systems and platforms for accounting of objects (resources) of land and water funds;

- strengthening the protection of sanitary zones around known fields and the introduction of rational extraction of medicinal waters, the prohibition of their overtime pumping, which leads to pollution and depletion of sources.

3. Realization of benefits. The task of this policy is to use the potential and natural resource capabilities of the region to minimize natural threats to social vulnerability of the population. According to this vector of regional policy, the object of regulation is a more rational, economical, and effective use of the natural environment, including the forest fund of Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv oblasts, water resources of Ivano- Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia ones, clean air and territories of Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia ones, effectivization of the costs of nature management and environmental protection in the region. The full realization of the potential will contribute to improving the quality of life, and consequently weakening the social vulnerability of the population and territories. The strategic priorities of regional policy should be smart space development, increasing the role of sectors of the green economy, compliance with the principles of security of consumption and social responsibility, the formation of clean and safe living space, and the key measures are:

- transition to smart space development of cities and territories with specialization in smart infrastructure technologies, smart waste management and environmental protection, smart technologies in transport, preservation and efficient use of alternative energy for the sake of full maintenance of all utility subsystems;

- stimulating the development of a green economy (green energy, agriculture, industry, transport ecology, sustainable tourism and waste management) to preserve the natural ecosystem, and biological diversity and minimize the risks of intensive, often irrational, use of natural resources, anthropogenic impact on the environment, development of private environmentally friendly and socially responsible business;

- stimulating the construction, production and purchase of smart, environmentally friendly, safe housing with autonomous resource support and maximum energy efficiency;

- introduction of a competitive electricity market, implementation of Smart Grid pilot projects containing operational and energy-saving measures, including smart meters, smart consumers, renewable energy sources and energy efficiency resources;

- development of smart systems for ensuring public safety in a person's living space through financial and budget support for developing local projects of digital security technologies, such as smart street lighting, facial and license plate scanning technologies, emergency and acoustic sensors for identifying emergency and/or dangerous situations, fixing and informing about them, etc.

The improvement of natural resources and efficient use of economic capacity is among the major preconditions for improving the natural environment of social vulnerability in the Carpathian region in structural economic deformations. The problem of diversification of sources to secure a financial-investment framework for nature management is especially important. A broad range of forms and types of public-private partnerships should be institutionalized to increase the attraction of private investment to the projects in ecologization and environmental protection, especially by public and municipal entities, and secure the combination of investment capacity of private businesses and organizations and property resources of the state and local governments. The Carpathian region as a border area should be an active participant in implementing cross-border projects in the socio-ecological domain funded by the EU.

Conclusions

The main parameters of the natural environment in the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in general, correspond to average national rates, while having certain specifics shown in comparatively smaller amounts of freshwater consumption, lower level of general water disposal, high level of air pollution (especially in Ivano- Frankivsk and Lviv oblasts), problems with the I--II hazard class waste treatment (namely environmentally friendly storage and treatment of refinery waste), accumulation of low-risk waste and low level of its treatment, poor investment in environmental protection, high social vulnerability and limited access of the population (including mountain, old industrial, remote areas) to social infrastructure facilities, growing external migration activity, low official income and expenditures of the population, resulting in the deterioration of the life quality of in the region.

The calculation of natural environment of social vulnerability coefficients shows significant ecological differentiation between the oblasts of the region and Ukraine. The time series of integral indices constructed based on the theory of sensitivity (dynamic weight significance parameters) contributed to determining the levels of natural environment of social vulnerability in the region from 2010 to 2019. Ivano- Frankivsk oblast had the highest integral coefficients of the natural environment of the quality of life in the entire period under research.

The proposed methodological approach to assessing the natural environment of social vulnerability in the oblasts of the Carpathian region has some methodological vacuum, in particular, concerning (1) the generation of information and analytical basis for research based on the principles of validity, comparatives and universality; (2) restrictions on the division of indicators into stimulators and destimulators (for example, the indicator `Share of agricultural land area' can simultaneously be considered as a stimulant of the deterioration of the natural situation in the region, which leads to the spread of social vulnerability of the population, and a destimulator, in which an increase in the share of agricultural land contributes to the growth of the country's food security and minimization of the consequences of social vulnerability of the territory).

Scenario modeling of the level of social vulnerability of the population in the Carpathian region under socio-economic and other shocks, as well as reducing the quality of life as the key determinant of environmental and social sustainability may be the direction of further research.

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