Globalization and society. Advantages and disadvantages

The history of economic globalization. Overview globalization mechanism, its advantages and disadvantages. The gap between Russia and the West in all the critical parameters of the scientific and economic development. Competition in the global market.

Рубрика Экономика и экономическая теория
Вид курсовая работа
Язык английский
Дата добавления 12.05.2016
Размер файла 28,7 K

Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже

Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation

Plekhanov Russian university of economics

International business school

Department of economic theory

Coursework

Globalization and society. Advantages and disadvantages

Student: Barannikov Egor

Group: 5102

Supervisor: Savinova M.V.

Table of contents

Introduction

1. History of globalization

2. Mechanism of globalization

3. Advantages of globalization

4. Disadvantages

5. Statistics

6. Globalization of the Russian Economy

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The modern form of globalization does not inspire any optimism regarding the future of Russia. The gap between Russia and the West in all the critical parameters of scientific and economic development, and primarily in the production and sale of high-tech and information technology, has reached enormous proportions. According to some sources the size of the backlog on indicators such as software, personal computers, operating information systems, etc. is about two-three orders of magnitude. Moreover, Russia is behind not only the United States and Western Europe, but also in order, i.e. 10-12 times from South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong.

Russia is involved in the growing globalization of the world, but, according to some authors, it does not belong to the number of non-Western countries into the global economy. The list of such non-Western countries, such as Brazil, India, South Africa, China, South Korea, Mexico, joined by various sectors of the economy into the global economy, Russia is not listed. A pass in this world is not the existence of rich natural resources and the scale of production of weapons, and large-scale production of high-tech and information technologies that can compete on the world market.

1. History of globalization

Globalization - the process of global economic, political and cultural integration and unification. The main result of this is the international classification of labour migration (and, as a rule, concentration) in the global scale of capital, human and production resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological processes, convergence and merging of cultures. It is an objective process that is systematic, i.e. it covers all spheres of society. As a result of globalization the world is becoming more connected and more dependent on all its stakeholders. Occurs as the increase of the total group of issues, for instance, and expand the amount and types of integrating subjects.

Views on the origins of globalization are debatable. Historians consider this process as one step in the advance of capitalism. Economists are counting from the transnationalization of financial markets. Political scientists focus on the spread of democratic institutions. Cultural experts attribute the manifestation of globalization with Westernization of culture, including American economic expansion. There is information-technological approaches to the explanation of the processes of globalization. Different political and economic globalization. As the subject of globalization is regionalization, which gives a strong cumulative effect in the formation of global poles of economic and technological advancement. [5]

In parallel, the origin of the word "globalization" indicates that the leading role in this process is the rapid growth of international trade occurring on those or other historical stages. For the first time the word "globalization" (in the sense of "intensive international trade") was used by Karl Marx, who in one of his letters to Engels of the late 1850s wrote: "currently, the global market actually exists. With access California and Japan to the world market globalization it is finished." This same leadership role of international trade in globalization processes and indicates the fact that the previous globalization that began in the era of Marx, ended in the 1930-ies, when all developed States initiated a policy of strict protectionism, which led to a sharp collapse in international trade.

Globalization, growth, underwent resistance as a natural (big planet, the limited chances of a person), for example, and place colliding with each other individuals, communities, civilizations, etc.

Some features of globalization manifested itself in the age of antiquity. In particular, the Roman Empire was one of the first countries, which approved its own hegemony over the Mediterranean and led to a deep intermingling of various cultures and the emergence of interregional division of labour in the Mediterranean.

The origins of globalization are in XII-XIII centuries, when the beginning of the promotion of a market (capitalist) relations in Western Europe, a rapid growth of European trade and the formation of a "European world economy". After a certain decline in the XIV-XV century this process continued in the XVI-XVII centuries In these centuries of stable economic growth in Europe combined with the advances in navigation and geographical discoveries. The result of Portuguese and Spanish traders spread around the globe and engaged in the colonization of America. In the seventeenth century the Dutch East India company traded with many Asian countries, became the first true multinational company. In the nineteenth century, rapid industrialization led to the growth of trade and investment between the European powers, their colonies and the United States. In this period unfair trade with developing States were in the nature of imperialist exploitation.

In the first decades of the XX century the process of globalization has continued, which has been unable to prevent even the First world war. In General, during the period from 1815 to 1914 the volume of total exports of the countries of Europe have increased by about 40 times. However, the growth of international trade continued in the 1920-ies, when there was even a certain liberalization of the external trade of Western European States. The dramatic collapse of international trade and the collapse of globalization occurred in the 1930-ies, after the beginning of the great depression and the introduction of major Western powers in 1930-1931 high import duties.

After world war II, globalization was resumed at an accelerated pace. It has contributed to improvements in technology that have led to rapid sea, rail and air traffic, and in turn the availability of international telecommunication.

In addition there are large regional zones of economic integration. In 1992, the European Union became a single economic space This space provides for the abolition of customs duties, the free movement of labor and capital, and in turn, a unified monetary system based on the Euro. Less tight integration is observed between the participants of the North American free trade area: USA, Canada and Mexico. A large part of the former Soviet republics joined after its collapse in the Commonwealth of Independent Countries, providing elements of a common economic space.

2. Mechanism of globalization

Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities. [1]

The main components of globalization are: the globalization of markets, globalization of production and globalization of the financial sector.

The globalization of markets is a free international movement of services, goods and mobile factors of production with the formation of prices, reasonable competition on a global scale (for example, the oil market). The globalization of markets promotes a high level of efficiency of production and circulation.

In recent years, globalization of financial markets, i.e. markets of capital in its monetary form. This process requires the liberalization, i.e., the abolition of restrictions on the movement of capital in its major forms. However, for the almost instantaneous transfer of cash used global system of telecommunications. To the financial markets include currency, credit and stock (securities) markets.

Monetary assets are sold in two ways:

1) immediate transfer of the goods and payment (cash deal);

2) derivatives (forward or futures) transactions, when the execution of the transaction is at some time in the future and price is taken into account this delay. Financial markets are a particularly large opportunity for speculation, i.e. for transactions, the purpose of which is not given to acquire an asset for possession and extraction of short-term profit by reselling at a better price. Form of speculation can be very diverse. Speculation greatly increases organically inherent in global financial markets instability.

The globalization of Production - the integration of economic activity by the private units have absorbed globally.

This is a key element of post-Fordism, based on the ability of a multinational company or Corporation to make a flexible production due to the expansion of new technologies, the Final products can be assembled from multiple individual nodes generated in many different countries, and also be flexible to respond to changing demand and to fill niches in the market. Production, therefore, becomes spatially structured.

Multinational corporations organize activities on a global scale with the objective that benefits from the difference in wage levels and activity of trade unions, forcing employees to compete with each other.

Thus, developing a coordinated global strategy of accumulation.

In the economy the development of globalization processes are closely connected with the tightening in the global market, competition for control over natural resources and information space using new technologies.

Globalization is synonymous with the mingling and merging of the economies under the pressure of increasingly fierce competition and the acceleration of scientific-technical progress.

The emergence and development of new systems acquisition, transmission and processing of information helped to create a global network that combines high resistance to innovation and quick adaptation to the changing situation on the market, with new opportunities to increase its value in the global economy.

Simultaneously there is a process of escalating regional trans-national companies who carry out optimization of production processes, use of resources and scientific development, diversification and investment management on a global scale.

3. Advantages of globalization

It is very hard to estimate the positive effects of globalization: this process has affected all spheres of our life and the positive effects of globalization lead to the increase in the world's prosperity. However we can assume that only developed countries receive the advantages of globalization.

1) The increase in competition

One of the best consequences of globalization is the improving quality of goods and services in connection with the growing competitive environment. Although we cannot reach the perfect competition, globalization makes it stricter, and this process is profitable for consumers, as competition gives them an opportunity to choose and reduces the prices.

If a company wants to overcome the foreign competition, it has to improve the standards and the quality level in order satisfy the growing demand and to survive on the international competitive market.

Also, by increasing the competition, globalization stimulates further development of technologies and the spreading of them among the countries.

2) The increase in population employment

The process of globalization gave an opportunity to the developing countries to involve the foreign labour force into production. However, this issue has both positive and negative sides. Although it allows people from developing countries to find a profitable job, people from developed countries are being changed by the foreign workers, who are not used to high wages and do not need to be paid as much as locals need. Consequently people from developed countries lose jobs because of migrant workers and a lot of conflicts appear because of it. But still this process is mostly positive than negative, because international companies open their branch offices in developing countries where the labour force is much cheaper than the transfer of the local labour force and the production quality is very high. The number of foreign workers has increased from 78 million people (2.4 percent of the world population) in 1965 to 191 million people (3.0 percent of the world population) in 2005.

3) From the economic point of view globalization has a lot of positive effects. Because of it the process of spreading the goods of a company has become much easier; besides this the taxes are reduced which help to conduct more active international trade. The value of trade (goods and services) as a percentage of world GDP increased from 42.1 percent in 1980 to 62.1 percent in 2012.

In reference to the financial part, globalization helps the countries to mobilize a considerable part of financial resources, because investors are able to invest money not only in national enterprises, but also in foreign ones. Countries with developing economy can receive direct investments that facilitate to create new workplaces and, to some extent, to increase the population's incomes. Foreign direct investment increased from 6.5 percent of world GDP in 1980 to 31.8 percent in 2014.

4) Education

The average level of education will increase according to demand of globalization.

5) Information access

The process of globalization simplifies the access to information for people and also facilitates the increase in the amount of new and available information for everyone. Communication technologies like the Internet are available now almost in every part of the world. Consequently, people receive more information and become more aware of the situation in the world. Nowadays companies can use these technologies in order to connect with other companies and consumers, besides they can present their product for the more broaden audience. Internet access and the fast-spreading information make countries more connected and closer to each other. The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis, increased from 7.3 in 1991 to 30.8 in 2014.

6) Through connecting people globalization helps to solve the global problems, especially the ecologic ones. This is possible due to the united efforts of world community, consolidation of resources and controlling the actions in different spheres.

As countries are starting to interact with each other more often, they have become more dependent to each other, because they rely on each other while exporting and importing goods, so the possibility of war is declining.

4. Disadvantages

The first threat to globalization due to the fact that its benefits are understood, will, however, be equally distributed. In the short term, as you know, changes in the manufacturing industry, the service sector lead to the fact that the industry will benefit from foreign trade, and industries related to exports, are experiencing a large inflow of capital and skilled labour. At the same time, the number of branches significantly loses from globalization, losing their competitive advantage due to increased market openness. Such industries are forced to make an extra effort to adapt to the changed not in their favor economic conditions.

The spread of information technology poses a threat to the service industries (financial, computer, transport, engineering and other services) because of the increased likelihood of implementation in countries with cheaper labor.

It should be recognized that such changes pose a serious threat to the existing economic structure, and government must assume a heavy burden of social costs associated with the payment of compensation, retraining, payment of unemployment benefits, support to low-income families.

The second threat many believe the de-industrialization of the economy, as the global openness is associated with a reduction in employment in manufacturing, both in Europe and in the USA. Actually, however, this process is not a consequence of globalization, though, and runs parallel with it. Deindustrialization is a normal phenomenon caused by technological progress and economic development. Indeed, the share of processing industries in the economy of industrialized countries sharply reduced, but this reduction is counter-balanced by the rapid growth of the share of the service sector, including the financial sector. globalization economy competition market

Consider the issue of capital flows in the context of globalization. Clearly, what we see in today's world, capital flows have increased dramatically in the past fifteen years. Foreign capital in the form of direct or portfolio investment is fraught with some danger to the national economy, as it can disappear from the country as quickly as it had appeared. It complain the leaders of several countries in different parts of the world, noting the damage caused by the departure of outside capital. In principle it is free, in no way associated capital.

Accelerating technical progress is associated with a marked increase in the gap in the wages of skilled and less skilled workers, and rising unemployment among the latter. This is because competition from labor-intensive goods issued in countries with low wages and low skills workers, entails a reduction of the price of similar products of European companies and reducing their profits. In such circumstances, the European company to discontinue unprofitable products and the transition to the production of goods that require highly skilled personnel. As a result, workers with lower skills remain unclaimed, their incomes fall.

Note the translation of companies in countries with high labour costs of their production facilities to countries with low wages. Export jobs may not be desirable for the economy of several States.

The threat associated with labour mobility. Today much is said about the free exchange of goods, services and capital and much less about freedom of movement for workers. However, too high labour mobility in the conditions of market economy can be a source of instability.

This raises the question of the impact of globalization on employment. In the absence of adequate measures, the problem of unemployment can be a potential source of global instability. The squandering of human resources in the form of unemployment or partial employment is a major loss to the world community in General, and especially in some countries that spend large amounts on education. High unemployment in the mid 90-ies indicates the presence of major structural problems and policy errors in the global economy.

An important source of tensions and conflicts can also be a mass urbanization is associated with global demographic, technological and structural changes. Cities have become key elements of society in the scale of Nations, and the world in General and the main distribution channels of the impact of globalization for a number of reasons. The supply of urban food and energy depends in many countries, not from local sources, and from imported resources. Often the growth of megacities is associated with deterioration of the environmental situation.

Can you name some sources of future conflicts that will arise in connection with the use of the ecosystem. The competition for water will probably result in acute regional conflicts. The future of tropical forests and the consequences of deforestation have become a matter of deep contention between States because of differences in interests and political purposes. In General, the world cannot afford to mindlessly consume resources, causing irreparable damage to the environment.

The negative side of globalization is a threat to cultural identity and the system of value orientations.

The gradual pace of global integration will enable traditional structures to find a more adequate responses to the challenges that will pave the way for globalization with a human face.

Globalization processes such as world trade have greatly affected environmental situation all over the world. What is the impact of globalization on the environment?

· CO2 emissions from transport: emissions from road transport are very high, but not as high as from aviation (between 1990 and 2004 emissions from aviation increased 86%) and sea transport.

· CO2 emissions from industrial activity and consumption.

· Deforestation: between 1990 and 2005 the world lost 3% of its forests. Moreover, 200 km2 of forest land disappears every day! [2]

5. Statistics

Russia Social globalization(points, source: The Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich)Russia Social globalization index (0-100): For that indicator, The Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich provides data for Russia from 1993 to 2014. The average value for Russia during that period was 59.17 points with a minumum of 43.55 points in 1993 and a maximum of 68.85 points in 2007.

Country

Code

Year

Social globalization

Income (0-100)

Russia

RU

1993

43.55

Russia

RU

1994

43.55

Russia

RU

1995

43.81

Russia

RU

1996

47.79

Russia

RU

1997

49.15

Russia

RU

1998

50.88

Russia

RU

1999

51.49

Russia

RU

2000

52.41

Russia

RU

2001

55.19

Russia

RU

2002

54.25

Russia

RU

2003

66.67

Russia

RU

2004

67.41

Russia

RU

2005

68.21

Russia

RU

2006

68.52

Russia

RU

2007

68.85

Russia

RU

2008

67.93

Russia

RU

2009

68.08

Russia

RU

2010

67.76

Russia

RU

2011

67.28

Definition: Social globalization has three dimensions: personal contacts, information flows, and cultural proximity. The sub-index on personal contacts includes international telecom traffic, degree of tourism, transfers, foreign population, and number of international letters. The sub-index on information flows includes number of internet users, share of households with a television set, and trade in newspapers. The sub-index on cultural proximity includes trade in books and number of McDonald's restaurants and Ikea located in a country. [3]

6. Globalization of the Russian Economy

Like any economic process, globalization has both positive and negative consequences, but the benefits are unevenly distributed: a substantial portion of the benefits are for industrialized countries, whereas developing States face many challenges of globalization. To fully understand the impact of globalization on Russia, it is necessary to refer to the economic situation in the country at that time, when the process of integration, that is, to the 90-th years of the last century. [4]

The internationalization of economic activity was made possible in Russia since the collapse of the USSR and transition to a market economy. In the 90 years was eliminated the state monopoly on the conduct of foreign exchange operations and international trade, removed many restrictions on foreign trade, that is, there was liberalization of the economy. Almost at the same time, Russia began to cooperate with other international organizations. However, the sharp decline of production, low competitiveness of products, the change of political regimes and falling living standards has created extremely unfavorable starting conditions to start the country's integration into the world community. As a result, after a long period of self-isolation of Russia had to negotiate complicated geo-economic structure, other members of which had a clear advantage. Not simplified the task and a minimal amount of foreign investment, and, therefore, a low interest in the economic stability of the country among investors caused by the distrust of the current economic and political situation.

Structure of the foreign trade turnover of Russia is different from the exchange of other countries, relying on the import of finished high-tech products and services, while Russia has to supply to the world market mainly basic goods. "Fuel power" has become such not because there are any significant advantages over foreign producers, transportation costs in Russia are often above average in the world. However, the decline of the processing industry can be overcome only with the help of a large investment in this industry, so the supply of raw materials is the most effective solution.

The Advantages of globalization for Russia

Despite the bad start, Russia as a consequence of globalization has gained some advantages, among which:

the high rate of economic growth, positively affecting the General welfare;

growth of incomes of the population, improving the quality of life, and, as a consequence, the increase of life expectancy, the overcoming of demographic decline;

the emergence of domestic markets a wide range of products.

But globalization in Russia has fewer negative side effects, most of which is due to the low competitiveness of domestic producers (compared to international), migration of cheap low-skilled labour force and brain drain.

Globalization of the Russian economy - the negative effects

The outflow of capital.

With offshore policy (as a consequence of globalization) face even industrialized countries such as the USA. But they had many years of experience maintaining national competitiveness by reducing the tax burden and all sorts of concessions to corporations, allowing at least partially reduce the outflow of capital. For Russia, this approach to the issue is as yet a novelty.

Irregular migration.

Russia is in the process of globalization has opened the borders for migrants than those used with unexpected agility: according to official data, in 2010, Russia ranked second in the world in the number of migrants (after the USA). The increase in the number of migrants leads to higher unemployment among the indigenous population, and this, in turn, exacerbates social conflict, frustration implemented at the state policy level, contributes to increased crime, decreased welfare of the people and so on.

The destruction of the internal economic structures and, consequently, causing damage to small and medium businesses.

It is impossible not to consider the impact of globalization on Russia, as risks to domestic producers that are created due to the emergence of markets available and quality of imported products, which often wins on both price and quality. Low competitiveness of Russian goods, of course, be overcome, and globalization creates all the necessary conditions for the growth of the quality of goods and services, but to fully realize this opportunity and to overcome the risks for small and medium enterprises is only possible if the right policy framework of the state.

Knowing that the maximum benefits from globalization get the country focused on high-tech manufacturing, Russia invests in the development of this sector and attracting foreign specialists that has also become possible due to the integration. Maybe a new direction will allow to move from a commodity economy to an industrial economy and to fully enjoy all the benefits of creating a single global economic and information space.

Conclusion

Globalization has become a real important aspect of the modern world system, one of the most influential forces determining the future course of our planet. And the more important it is for developing countries to have an effective state with a strong and independent power, as agents of globalization increasingly impose their ideals on other countries, regardless of national sovereignty and cultural identity of the latter. They can be summarized as follows: all have committed to democracy, free market and openness. This system of values and attitudes, the founder and active promoter which historically were made by the West, became widespread in the modern world.

Costs and benefits of globalization are distributed between the parties is extremely uneven. Increase productivity, reduce costs, increase income and wealth at one pole are achieved at the cost of increasing uncertainty, risk, inequality, and poverty on the other. Need new functional forms and mechanisms for harmonization of national economic interests, national policies and actions to resolve conflicts, protect weaker partners and sanctions against those who violate the generally accepted rules of the game.

Globalization requires the appropriate mindset, the approach to the world as a whole, which is essential to manage universal problems and continuous political dialogue on the vital areas of common security and cooperation, particularly in scientific and economic sphere.

Bibliography

1. Huwart, Jean-Yves and Loic Verdier (2013), "What is the impact of globalisation on the environment?"

2. Валлерстайн И., Миросистемный анализ: Введение/ И. Валлерстайн, - М.: Территория будущего, 2006 г. - 248 с.

3. Добреньков В.И. Глобализация и Россия: Социологический анализ. - М.: ИНФРА-М, 2006. - 447 с.

4. Конотопов М.В., Сметанин С.И., История экономики зарубежных стран. М.: КНОРУС, 2007. 320 с.

5. Поляк Г.Б., Макарова А.Н., История мировой экономики. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2007. 671 с.

6. Рыбалкин В.Е., Международные экономические отношения. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2007. 591 с.

7. Смирнов Е.Н., Введение в курс мировой экономики (экономическая география зарубежных стран. М.: КНОРУС, 2008. 416 с.

8. Бабин Э.П., Исаченко Т.М., Внешнеэкономическая политика. - М.: Экономика, 2006. 560с

9. Уткин А.И. Определения глобализации // Глобалистика: Энциклопедия / Гл. ред. И.И. Мазур, А.Н. Чумаков; Центр научных и прикладных программ "ДИАЛОГ". - М.: ОАО Издательство "Радуга", 2013. - С. 181-183.

10. Загладин Н., США в эпоху глобального кризиса: от "обамомании" к "обамоскептицизму" // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. - 2014. - №3. - С. 3-12

11. Иванов Н. Глобализация и проблемы оптимальной стратегии развития// Мировая Экономика и Международные Отношения - 2010, №2 - 48-52

12. Мамонова В.А. Глобализация в пространстве культуры: векторы развития // CREDO NEW, 2006, №1. - с. 38-44

13. Маслова А.Н. Процессы глобализации с социологической точки зрения: определения и концепции // Актуальные проблемы экономической социологии: Сборник научных трудов студентов, аспирантов и преподавателей / Под общ. ред. Н.Р. Исправниковой, М.С. Халикова - М.: Университетская книга, 2008. - Вып. №9. С. 146-153.

14. Медведев В.А. Глобализация экономики: тенденции и противоречия. // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. - 2009 - №2. - с. 3-10.

15. Шишков Ю., Государство в эпоху глобализации: [глобализация мировой экономики] // Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 2010, №1. - С. 3-13

Размещено на Allbest.ru

...

Подобные документы

  • The use of computers in education. Improvements in health, education and trade in poor countries. Financial education as a mandatory component of the curriculum. Negative aspects of globalization. The role of globalization in the economic development.

    контрольная работа [57,9 K], добавлен 13.05.2014

  • The stock market and economic growth: theoretical and analytical questions. Analysis of the mechanism of the financial market on the efficient allocation of resources in the economy and to define the specific role of stock market prices in the process.

    дипломная работа [5,3 M], добавлен 07.07.2013

  • The influence of the movement of refugees to the economic development of host countries. A description of the differences between forced and voluntary migration from the point of view of economic, political consequences. Supply in the labor markets.

    статья [26,6 K], добавлен 19.09.2017

  • Prospects for reformation of economic and legal mechanisms of subsoil use in Ukraine. Application of cyclically oriented forecasting: modern approaches to business management. Preconditions and perspectives of Ukrainian energy market development.

    статья [770,0 K], добавлен 26.05.2015

  • Early Life. Glasgow. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Travels on the Continent. The Wealth of Nations. Society and "the invisible hand". Economic growth. After two centuries, Adam Smith remains a towering figure in the history of economic thought.

    реферат [29,5 K], добавлен 08.04.2006

  • Stereotypes that influence on economic relations between the European Union countries and Russia. Consequences of influence of stereotypes on economic relations between EU and Russia. Results of first attempts solving problem. General conclusion.

    реферат [19,0 K], добавлен 19.11.2007

  • The global financial and economic crisis. Monetary and financial policy, undertaken UK during a crisis. Combination of aggressive expansionist monetary policy and decretive financial stimulus. Bank repeated capitalization. Support of domestic consumption.

    реферат [108,9 K], добавлен 29.06.2011

  • Defining the role of developed countries in the world economy and their impact in the political, economic, technical, scientific and cultural spheres.The level and quality of life. Industrialised countries: the distinctive features and way of development.

    курсовая работа [455,2 K], добавлен 27.05.2015

  • The major structural elements of economic safety of a national economy branches. The structural analysis of economic activity. Share of wages in ВВП, of productivity of Russia and western countries. The essence of the economic taxes and their purpose.

    статья [166,3 K], добавлен 12.04.2012

  • General characteristic of the LLC DTEK Zuevskaya TPP and its main function. The history of appearance and development of the company. Characteristics of the organizational management structure. Analysis of financial and economic performance indicators.

    отчет по практике [4,2 M], добавлен 22.05.2015

  • Models and concepts of stabilization policy aimed at reducing the severity of economic fluctuations in the short run. Phases of the business cycle. The main function of the stabilization policy. Deviation in the system of long-term market equilibrium.

    статья [883,7 K], добавлен 19.09.2017

  • Natural gas market overview: volume, value, segmentation. Supply and demand Factors of natural gas. Internal rivalry & competitors' overview. Outlook of the EU's energy demand from 2007 to 2030. Drivers of supplier power in the EU natural gas market.

    курсовая работа [2,0 M], добавлен 10.11.2013

  • Concept and program of transitive economy, foreign experience of transition. Strategic reference points of long-term economic development. Direction of the transition to an innovative community-oriented type of development. Features of transitive economy.

    курсовая работа [29,4 K], добавлен 09.06.2012

  • Chinese economy: history and problems. Problems of Economic Growth. The history of Chinese agriculture. The ratio of exports and imports of goods and service to gross domestic product at current prices. Inefficiencies in the agricultural market.

    курсовая работа [162,1 K], добавлен 17.05.2014

  • Negative consequences proceeding in real sector of economy. Social stratification in a society. Estimation of efficiency of economic safety. The parity of the manufacturers of commodity production. Main problems of the size of pension of common people.

    статья [15,4 K], добавлен 12.04.2012

  • The definition of term "economic security of enterprise" and characteristic of it functional components: technical and technological, intellectual and human resources component, information, financial, environmental, political and legal component.

    презентация [511,3 K], добавлен 09.03.2014

  • Law of demand and law of Supply. Elasticity of supply and demand. Models of market and its impact on productivity. Kinds of market competition, methods of regulation of market. Indirect method of market regulation, tax, the governmental price control.

    реферат [8,7 K], добавлен 25.11.2009

  • What is Demand. Factors affecting demand. The Law of demand. What is Supply. Economic equilibrium. Demand is an economic concept that describes a buyer's desire, willingness and ability to pay a price for a specific quantity of a good or service.

    презентация [631,9 K], добавлен 11.12.2013

  • Economic entity, the conditions of formation and functioning of the labor market as a system of social relations, the hiring and use of workers in the field of social production. Study of employment and unemployment in the labor market in Ukraine.

    реферат [20,3 K], добавлен 09.05.2011

  • State intervention in the economy. Assessment and the role of teaching Veblen. Economic development of the society. Process of long-term loan and the inclusion of investor-banker in industrial production. Negative aspects of American institucionalism.

    реферат [27,4 K], добавлен 14.11.2012

Работы в архивах красиво оформлены согласно требованиям ВУЗов и содержат рисунки, диаграммы, формулы и т.д.
PPT, PPTX и PDF-файлы представлены только в архивах.
Рекомендуем скачать работу.