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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University

Faculty of Foreign Languages

Individual research project

What is Northern Ireland famous for?

Prepared by: the student of 12 group

Alina Pokhila

Uman-2021

Introduction

economy climate northern ireland

We often hear talk about Great Britain, about how beautiful this country is. What do most people imagine in their heads? Of course, these are London, Big Ben, Trafalgar Square and double-decker buses. But we completely forget that Britain is not England. This is a combination of 4 beautiful and different countries. These are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It seems to me that we know the least about the latter.

Long-shunned by visitors, Northern Ireland has returned with the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, a power-sharing pact aimed at consolidating peace. Since then, Ulster (also known as Northern Ireland) has recovered both economically and culturally and has become one of the most popular destinations in the world.

In this work, I want to prove that Northern Ireland, as well as the rest of the UK, is worthy of attention, as it is known for its excellent nature, traditions, places and people.

• 1. General information about Northern Ireland
• Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom that is variously described as a country, province, territory or region. Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. It is sometimes referred to as Ulster, although it includes only six of the nine counties which made up that historic Irish province.
• The capital is Belfast, a modern city whose historic centre was badly damaged by aerial bombardment during World War II. Once renowned for its shipyards--the Titanic was built there--Belfast has lost much of its industrial base. The city--as with Northern Ireland's other chief cities Londonderry (known locally and historically as Derry) and Armagh--is graced with parks and tidy residential neighbourhoods. More handsome still is the Northern Irish countryside--green, fertile, and laced with rivers and lakes, all of which have found lyrical expression in the nation's folk and artistic traditions.
• Land
• Northern Ireland occupies about one-sixth of the island of Ireland and is separated on the east from Scotland, another part of the United Kingdom, by the narrow North Channel, which is at one point only 13 miles (21 km) wide. The Irish Sea separates Northern Ireland from England and Wales on the east and southeast, respectively, and the Atlantic Ocean lies to the north. The southern and western borders are with the republic of Ireland.
• Relief
• Northern Ireland can be thought of topographically as a saucer centred on Lough (lake) Neagh, the upturned rim of which forms the highlands. Five of the six historic counties--Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry--meet at the lake, and each has a highland region on the saucer's rim. To the north and east the mountains of Antrim (physiographically a plateau) tilt upward toward the coast. They reach an elevation of 1,817 feet (554 metres) at Trostan. The highest point of Northern Ireland is Slieve Donard (850 metres) within 2 miles (3 km) of the sea. This impressive landscape of granite peaks is bounded by Carlingford Lough to the south. In the north and on the east coast, particularly, severe westerly gales are common. Daily conditions generally are highly changeable, but there are no extremes of heat and cold. These mild and humid climatic conditions have, in sum, made Northern Ireland a green country in all seasons.
• 2. Climate of Northern Ireland
• Northern Ireland's climate is temperate and maritime; most of its weather comes from the southwest in a series of low-pressure systems bringing the rain and clouds that often lend character to the landscape. Because Northern Ireland is near the central track of such lows, it often experiences high winds.
• Economy
• Northern Ireland has traditionally had an industrial economy, most notably in shipbuilding, rope manufacture and textiles, but most heavy industry has since been replaced by services, primarily the public sector. Seventy percent of the economy's revenue comes from the service sector.
• Sport
• In Northern Ireland, sport is popular and important in the lives of many people. Sports tend to be organised on an all-Ireland basis, with a single team for the whole island. The most notable exception is association football, which has separate governing bodies for each jurisdiction. The most popular kinds of sport in Northern Ireland are football, rugby, cricket, golf, gaelic games, snooker and motosport.

3. Traditional of Northern Ireland

The culture of Northern Ireland is mixed. On the one hand, it is a traditional British culture with English principles and customs, on the other - Irish, which originates in the ancient Celtic history of the indigenous people of the island. For example, in Northern Ireland, St. Patrick's Day is considered a public holiday, unlike in Great Britain.

One of such traditions is fairs, which have been held since ancient times, the manifestation of such a tradition has become a great occasion for various entertainments. In Ireland, people like to dance, so when there is an opportunity, for example, fairs, people dance folk dances, in the city center in the squares perform musicians, magicians, acrobats. Every Irish dance is an art. Almost every inhabitant of the country enjoys of dance. This peculiar feature of the Irish is evident in everything.

There is an interesting tradition in Ireland, on the eve of the new year it is customary to leave the door open so that anyone who came could feel like a welcome guest.

As in any other country, so in Ireland there is one most important holiday, in Ireland such a holiday is St. Patrick's Day, it is celebrated annually on March 17. People in this holiday dress in green clothes, also in addition to the parades themselves, on this day it is customary to organize parties with music and lots of beer.

Ireland's main dish is Irish stew, potatoes are its main part. In addition to all the dishes of Irish cuisine, without a doubt we can say that the main attraction is Irish whiskey, not far from it and coffee in Irish. Hot coffee with whiskey warms up perfectly in rainy weather, which often happens in the country.

4. 10 reasons to visit Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland has long been closed to tourists, but it has revived both economically and culturally. And now everyone can learn and see with their own eyes all the beauty and diversity of this country. Most recently, Northern Ireland's role as the filming location for Game of Thrones has brought another wave of tourists. For those in the know, even during the bad times, this corner of Ireland was always high on the sightseeing agenda. Legendary natural attractions, such as the mystical Giant's Causeway, join newer arrivals, such as Belfast Titanic, as top things to do.

The power-sharing government has invested massively in making Ulster attractive to visitors. There's great shopping, world-class restaurants, a remarkable history and culture, outstanding golf, and a lively music scene. These add up to plenty of places to visit in Northern Ireland for families, couples, and solo travelers, all of whom can be assured of a warm and friendly welcome. If you cross the border into this separate sovereign country, you'll need pound sterling, not the Euro as used in the south. Here are 10 reasons to visit Northern Ireland.

1. The Giant's Causeway

Famed around the world for its columns of layered basalt, the Giant's Causeway is Northern Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site. These polygonal-shaped natural features (there are around 40,000 of them) were created by a volcanic eruption 60 million years ago. Today, they are the prime focus of a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Three different periods of volcanic action birthed the Lower, Middle, and Upper Basalts. The Middle Basalt rock forms the famous amphitheaters of columns shaped like hexagons. That's the science. However according to legend it was carved out by the mighty giant Finn McCool who left behind his ancient home to do battle with his foe Benandonner across the water in Scotland.

Various names bear testament to this engaging myth: The Giant's Boot, The Wishing Chair, The Camel, The Giant's Granny, and The Organ high up on the cliffs. Weather permitting, you might even see Scotland in the distance.

2. The Causeway Coast and Dunluce Castle

An easy 10-minute drive west of the Giant's Causeway, through the picturesque village of Bushmills, brings you to ruined medieval Dunluce Castle (Dъn Libhse). It's impossible to miss, perched precipitously on the cliff edge, the kitchen having plunged into the thrashing waves below one terrible night many centuries ago.

The only survivor, apparently, was the kitchen boy who was perched on the windowsill and had to be rescued. Exterior shots of the castle were used in Game of Thrones.

3. Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge

The next attraction of Ulster, which causes dizziness, is the Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge. Located near the beautiful coastal village of Ballintoy, this impressive landmark, however, is not for the faint of heart. A dizzying rope bridge connects to a tiny island where fishermen catch salmon.

4. The Titanic Belfast

A striking landmark, this star-shaped building representing the White Star Line logo traces Belfast's maritime history and honors the story of the RMS Titanic. Belfast was once the powerhouse of British Empire shipbuilding, a fact that can't be missed in this part of the city. There are nine interactive exhibitions on this spot where the infamously ill-fated ocean liner Titanic was built. This truly is a world-class tourist attraction.

5. Carrickfergus Castle

Around 20 minutes' drive from Belfast is the substantial town and port of Carrickfergus, home to imposing Carrickfergus Castle. One of the best-preserved medieval structures in Ireland, this Norman castle has seen off foes over eight centuries. Perched near the shore and dominating the town, the fortress is still intact. Nearby is the Andrew Jackson Centre, the reimagined ancestral home of the 7th president of the USA.

6. The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum

Around 15 minutes' drive from Belfast city center brings you to this "living" museum designed to show Ulster life more than 100 years ago. There are rebuilt laborers' cottages, working farms, rural schools, and village shops as they once were, as well as 170 acres of parkland to explore. Visitor guides demonstrate traditional crafts around the various locations. You can clamber aboard steam locomotives and explore the Transport Museum with its impressive collections of electric trams, fire engines, motorbikes, beautiful vintage cars, and horse drawn carriages.

7. Londonderry

The second city of Northern Ireland, Londonderry - or Derry, as it's more commonly known locally - lies where the River Foyle opens out into the sea-lough of the same name. The town has been robbed of part of its natural hinterland of Donegal by the division of Ireland, yet remains an important port and industrial center with a traditional textile industry, chemical and mechanical engineering plants, and ceramics factories.

With its attractive surroundings it's a popular tourist center and a good base for trips into the Inishowen Peninsula and Donegal in the Republic of Ireland. The town itself has an almost completely preserved circuit of medieval walls and a number of interesting old buildings.

8. Lough Erne

Two connected lakes combine to form Lough Erne, in County Fermanagh, a favorite for fishing, kayaking, or exploring on a day cruise. Castles and manor houses dot its banks, and its islands are a main attraction. A 12th-century round tower dominates Devenish Island's ruined Augustinian priory, and mysterious carved stone figures on White Island and Boa Island were the work of Celts between AD 400 and 800. The 39-mile Shannon Erne Waterway connects Lough Erne to the River Shannon in Ireland.

9. Queen's University Belfast

Founded in 1845 as Queen's College Belfast, one of three Queen's Colleges in Ireland, it became an independent university in 1908 and is the ninth oldest university in the UK. Queen's is ranked 8th in the UK for Research Intensity with over 75% of its research assessed as `world-leading' or `internationally excellent' in REF 2014.

Building on its disciplinary excellence, the University has created four flagship Global Research Institutes which bring leading academics together to tackle some of the greatest global challenges of our time in the areas of: Global Peace, Security and Justice; Cyber Security; Health Sciences; and Food Safety. Queen's is ranked 1st in the UK for entrepreneurial impact (Octopus Ventures, 2020) with 1,954 people employed in 37 active spin out companies (Queen's Research and Enterprise, 2020).

10. Nature

The nature of Northern Ireland is what fascinates me and makes me want to visit this country. There are a huge number of parks that people watch and care for, as well as untouched nature. Incredible beauty! Some of the most interesting and attractive parks in Northern Ireland in my opinion are Bangor Castle Walled Garden, Crawfordsburn Country Park, Slieve Gullion Forest Park, Cuilcagh Boardwalk Trail (Stairway to Heaven), Antrim Castle Gardens, Glenariff Forest Park, The Galgorm Castle Fairy Trail, Pickie Family Fun Park, Joey Dunlop Memorial Garden, Botanic Gardens and many others.

Conclusion

What is Northern Ireland most famous for?

In view of all the above, it is safe to say that Northern Ireland is an interesting and distinct country. It is no worse than other parts of the United Kingdom. This is a wonderful country with incredibly beautiful nature, its traditions, history and interesting places. Since I haven't been to Northern Ireland yet, I've read a lot of residents' reviews. It can be said that they love their country as it is. The most significant things that the people of the country highlight are:

The construction of the Titanic - there's some excellent tourist attractions in Belfast based around that.

Scenery like the Giant's Causeway - Northern Ireland has as fine a landscape as anywhere in Ireland.

Films and TV. Especially recently - Northern Ireland has gained some great exposure for being an important filming location for the show Game of Thrones.

Now I think we will not underestimate the importance of this country.

References

1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Northern-Ireland

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland

3. https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions/northern-ireland-ni.htm

4. https://toowa.ru/uk/erosion/obychai-i-tradicii-irlandcev-tradicii-irlandii.html

5. https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attractions-g186469-Activities-c57-Northern_Ireland.html

6. https://www.quora.com/What-is-Northern-Ireland-most-famous-for

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