Поіменний перепис єврейського населення Старої Солі 1764 р.

Lesia SMUTOK

Ihor SMUTOK

PhD hab. (History), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of World History and Special Historical Disciplines, Drohobych Ivan Franko StatePedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine

Census of the Jewish population of Stara Sil in 1764

The purpose of the research is to introduce a documentary source from the middle of the 18th century into the scientific circulation, in particular. The document in question is the census of the Jewish population of the city of Stara Sil in the Przemysl land in 1764. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism and the use of methods acceptable for the study of microhistory, the history of local social groups. The scientific novelty - for the first time a historical source which allows reconstructing the demographic component of the history of Jews in the territory of Przemysl land of the early modern period is introduced into scientific circulation. In the absence of statistical information for the specified period and the absence of metric records, this census remains almost the only document that forms an idea of the number and family structure of the Jewish community in a particular city. The document proposed for publication can be used for demographic research, genealogy and in related scientific topics devoted to the history of the Jewish society of the Carpathian region in the early modern period. Conclusions as a result of archival searches, a historical source was discovered and introduced into scientific circulation. This historical source is the census of the Jewish population of the Przemysl land in the mid-18th century. The information in it allows you to find out certain aspects of the life and activities of the Jewish community of Stara Sil and the Przemysl land of early modern times.

Key words: Jews; historical demography; Stara Sil; census of Jews 1765.

Formulation of the problem

Demographic sources from the Middle Ages and early modern are very rare. There is especially little such data on the history of Jewry in the Ukrainian lands. For this reason, each such document that has been discovered and introduced into scientific circulation has scientific value. Statistical information from documents of the 17th - 18th centuries shows the size of the Jewish population, its family structure (gender, age, generation). Such documents are also a valuable genealogical source.

Analysis of recent research and publications. History of Jews in the Ukrainian lands. In Galicia, the first works on Jewish communities during the Middle Ages and Modern Times began to be published in the late 19th century. The most famous expert on this topic was M. Ba- laban and his students (Balaban, 1909; Bostel, 1891). In the 1960s - 70s, the history of the Jews was studied by M. Horn etM. Machler (Horn, 1975; Machler, 1967). In the early 1990s to this problems paid attention Zd. Budzinski, J. Motylewicz, Z. Guidon (Budzinski, 1991; Motylewicz, 1991; Guldon, 1991).

They all turned their attention to the census of the Jewish population in 1764-1765 - the only demographic and statistical source in the history of the Jews of Galicia. In 1909 Balaban published a part of the census covering the territory of the Lviv land and district of Zhydachiv. Other fragments of the document covering other regions were considered lost.

The purpose of the research is to introduce a documentary source from the middle of the 18th century into the scientific circulation, in particular. The document in question is the census of the Jewish population of the city of Stara Sil in the Przemysl land in 1764.

Results

The census ("spis poglownego" "headline inventory") of the Jewish population of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1764-1765 is a demographic and statistical source of the history and settlement of Jews in the Ruthenian Voivodeship. It was carried out in accordance with the decree of the convocation Sejm in 1764 for fiscal reasons. The purpose of the census was to collect information for the calculation of the head tax, which was levied exclusively on Jews. The circumstances that prompted the authorities to take this step, the procedure and details of the census and tax collection are described in detail in the article by R. Mahler (Machler, 1967, pp. 131-180).

The census was carried out by commissions, which included a Catholic nobleman, a rabbi and a foreman of the community. They prepared a detailed register of all Jews in a particular settlement, which included the names of men, women, children and servants. Rural Jews had to appear for the census in the nearest city where the commission met. The finished registers were confirmed by the oath and signatures of the commissars, and then they were submitted to the nearest Borough office (in this case, to Przemysl). On the basis of the census, summary tables were compiled and the amount of tax was calculated based on the tariff of two zl per person. Only children under one year of age were not taxed (Machler, 1967, pp. 134-135; Budzinski, 1993, p. 242).

In the late 19th - early 20th century historians found and published some of the censuses in the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Bostel, 1891, pp. 357-378; Balaban, 1909, pp. 11-31). However, among them there were no censuses from the Przemysl land. S. Budzinskyi believed that they were not preserved along with the similar documentation of the Sanok land. The document published below indicates that this is not the case. At the end of 1764 "Rewisya wszystkich glow zydow - skich" of Rzeszow, Stara Sil, Staryi Sambir as well as Novyi Sambir, was arranged in Przemysl (CShAuL, f. 13, d. 1, c. 616, pp. 21692189, 2193-2198, 2207-2221, 2233-2238). There is every reason to assert that we are talking about the census of Jews, sanctioned by the convocation Sejm in 1764 to collect total tax.

"Spis poglownego" in Stara Sil, as indicated in the document, took place on December 20, 1764 with the participation of Basilio Novytskyi and two representatives of the Jewish community (Leiba Yakubovych and Itsko Zendliovych). In total, the commissioners counted 152 people.

Conducting a census not in the form of a simple list of names and nicknames, but at the place of residence with an indication of family ties between the inhabitants of the house is another component that determines the source value of the document. For a researcher who has set a goal to recreate the history of the Jewish community in Stara Sil in detail, the 1764 census can become a kind of foundation for the implementation of this plan. Using the act material containing data on professional activity, property status, etc., it is possible to find out the financial situation of each family, family relationships, participation and influence of the family in a particular area of professional activity - trade, craft, usury.

Thus, the published document is an interesting source, supplementing our information about the Jews of Stara Sil at the end of the existence of the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and can be successfully used by researchers of microhistory, anthroponymy, historical local history, etc. /2193/ Reyestr Zydow Oboiey plci, znaydui^cych siз w Miescie Jego Krolewskiey Mci Starey Soli, przez nas nizey podpisanych in fundamento novellae legis, w kazdym domie rewidowanych, spisany d[ie] 20 Decembris 1764 A[nno]

Domostwo Icka Zendlowica 4

Icko Zendlowicz; Chaja, zona jego; Mendla, corka; Leyba, syn.

Domostwo Abrama Chaimowicza3

Abram Chaimowicz; Ryfka, zona jego; Chania, corka.

Domostwo Dawida Szmujlowicza3

Dawid Szmuylowicz; Szaywa, zona jego; Chaim, syn.

Domostwo Szlomy Kiwy4

Szloma Kiwa; Chania, zona jego; Kiwa, syn; Berko, syn.

Domostwo Szmuyla Dawidowicza2

Szmuylo Dawidowicz; Sosia, zona jego.

Domostwo Majora Mandlowicza3

Major Mendlowicz; Bayla, zona jego; Nicha, corka. /2194/

Domostwo Nussyma Mendlowicza10

Nussym Mendlowicz; Ester, zona jego; Michiel Berkowicz; Chaja, zona jego; Syfra, corka; Chaja, corka; Ryzia, corka; Moszko, syn; Tolba, Mendlowiczowa wdowa; Oszyia Berkowicz, wnuk.

DomostwoLeybyJakubowicza10

LeybaJakubowicz; Machla, zonajego; Chaim, syn; Elka, zonajego; Chana, corka; Dworka, corka; Moszko, syn; MoskoAbramowicz, ziзc; Pinia, zonajego; Dworka, corka.

DomostwoSzmuylaAbramowicza4

SzmuyloAbramowicz; Laja, zonajego; Brandla, corka; Mordko,

syn.

Domostwo Icka Koplowicza, wdowca9

Icko Koplowicz; Kopel, syn; Ryfka, zona jego; Josyf, syn; Berko, syn; Szmuylo, syn; Abram, syn; Slowa, corka; Zelman, syn, czyli Zawel. /2195/

Domostwo Lewka Moszkowicza10

Lewko Moszkowicz; Liba, zona jego; Boruch Mordkowicz; Chaja, zona jego; Mordko, syn; Bayla Mordkowiczowa, wdowa; Lazor Herszkowicz; Sura, zona jego; Josef, syn: Zawel, syn.

Domostwo Wolcia Zelmanowicza7

Wolcio Zelmanowicz; Judes, zona jego; Moszko Jakubowicz; Sosia, zona jego; Raysia, corka; Sura, curka; Chawa, corka.

Domostwo Moszka Jakubowicza6

Moszko Jakubowicz; Slowa, zona jego; Szmuylo, syn; Cudyk, syn; Chawa, corka; Tylla, corka.

Domostwo Fabla Szymkowicza3

Fabel Szymkowicz; Reyzia, zona jego; Slowa, corka.

Domostwo Dawida Koplowicza2

Dawid Koplowicza; Hendla, zona jego./2196/

Domostwo Leyby Zelmanowicza5

Leyba Zelmanowicz; Freyda, zona jego; Gilla, corka; Mordko, syn; Zelik, syn.

DomostwoJakubaKisielowicza4

JakubKisielowicz; Slowa, zonajego; Laja, corka; Wolco, syn.

DomostwoMoszkaLeybowicza3

MoszkoLeybowicz; Rucha, zonajego; Leybamsyn.

DomostwoSzmuylaDawidowicza6

SzmuyloDawidowicz; Ester, zonajego; Cybba, corka; Zelman, syn; FeniaDawidowiczowa, wdowa; CherszkoDawidowicz.

DomostwoIckaLeybowicza4

IckoLeybowicz; Matka, zonajego; Szloma, syn; Josyf, syn.

DomostwoLachmanaJasiowicza6

LachmanJasiowicz; Chana, zonajego; Leyba, syn; Herszko, syn; Reyzia, corka; Smiia, corka. /2197/

DomostwoMoszkaDawidowicza8

MoszkoDawidowicz; Jenta, zonajego; Icko, syn; DawidMosz- kowicz; Milka, zonajego; MerkoJudkowicz; Chaja, zonajego; PeyslaSzmuylowiczowa, wdowa.

Domostwo Szymona Abramowicza4

Szymon Abramowicz; Chawa, zona jego; Ester, corka; Laja, corka.

Domostwo Icka Abramowicza, cerulika4

Icko Abramowicz; Chana, zona jego; Sura, corka ; Abram, syn.

Domostwo Zelika Moszkowicza4

Zelik Moszkowicz; Sura, zona jego; Srul, syn; Szmuylo, syn.

Domostwo Samsona Herszowicza4

Samson Herszowicz; Chana, zona jego; Elo, syn; Etser, zona jego.

Domostwo Oruna Jakubowicza5

Orun Jakubowicz; Elka, zona jego; Chana, corka; Kopel, syn; Herszko, syn. /2198/

DomostwoSzmuylaSzymkowicza3

SzmuyloSzymkowicz; Ester, zonajego; Sura, corka.

Domostwo Judki Jachimowicza3

Judka Jachimowicz; Ruchla, zona jego; Tolba, corka.

Domostwo Gersona Nawtulicza2

Gerson Nawtulicz; Szandla, zona jego.

Domostwo Abrama Judkowicza7

Abram Judkowicz; Ruchla, zona jego; Berko Abramowicz; Hencia, zona jego; Man Moszkowicz, ziзc; Mendla, zona jego; Zysio, syn.

In summa glow wszystkich znayduie siз sto piendziesi^t dwie dico N[umer]o 152

Bazyli Nowicki do rewidowania y spisania wyz wyrazonym miescie Starey Soli zydow ad Jurysdykcyi Zamku JKM Samborskiego deputowany podpisuie siз mp

Leyba Jakubowicz, starszy kahalny[signature in Yiddish]

Icko Zendlowicz, kahalny[signature in Yiddish]

Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv, f. 13, d. 1, c. 622, pp. 2193-2198.

Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv, f. 13, d. 1, c. 616, pp. 1229-1231.

Джерела та література

1. Смуток, Л. (2004). Поіменний перепис єврейського населення Нового Самбора 1764 р. Дрогобицький краєзнавчий збірник, VIII, 462-473. ЦДАУЛ - Центральний державний історичний архів України, м. Львів. Balaban, M. (1909). Spis Zydow i Karaitow ziemi halickiej i powiatow trem- bowelskiego i kolonyjskiego w roku 1765. Archiwum Komisji Histo- rycznej Akademii Umiзtnosci,11, 11-31.

2. Bostel, F. (1891). Zydzi ziemi lwowskiej i powiatu zydaczowskiego w roku 1765. Archiwum Komisji Historycznej Akademii Umiзtnosci,6, 357-378.

3. Budzinski, Zd. (1991). Ludnosc zydowska zachodnej czзsci Rusi Czerwonej w drugiej polowie XVIII wieku (wedlug zrodel koscielnych). F. Kiryk (Ed.), Zydzi w Malopolsce. Studia z dziejфw osadnictwa i zycia spo- iecznego(s. 137-148).

4. Budzinski, Zd. (1993). Ludnosc pogranicza polsko-ruskiego w drugiej polowie XVIII wieku. Stan. Rozmieszczenie. Struktura wyznaniowa i etniczna (T. 1). Przemysl: TPN; Rzeszow: Wydaw. WSP.

5. Costres, D. (1939). Krolewskie wolne miasto Stara Sol. Sambor.

6. Guidon, Z. (1991). Ludnosc zydowska w miastach malopolskich w drugiej polowie XVII wieku. Zydzi w Malopolsce. Studia z dziejфw osadnictwa i zycia spolecznego(s. 85-98).

7. Horn, M. (1975). Zydzi na Rusi Czerwonej w XVI i pierwszej polowie XVII w.: dzialalnosc gospodarcza na tle rozwoju demograficznego. Warszawa: Panstwowe wydawnictwo Naukowe.

8. Machler, M (1967). Zydzi w dawnej Polsce w swietle liczb. Struktura demo- graficzna i spoleczno-ekonomiczna Zydow w Koronie w XVIII w. Przeszlosc Demograficzna Polski, 1, 131-180.

9. Motylewicz, J. (1991). Zydzi w miastach ziemi przemyskiej i sanockiej w drugiej polowie XVII i XVIII wieku. F. Kiryk (Ed.), Zydzi w Malopolsce. Studia z dziejфw osadnictwa i zycia spolecznego(s. 113-136).

References

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