Semantic-evaluating group "experience" as one of the factors of economic situation development

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Tambov State Technical University

SEMANTIC-EVALUATING GROUP «EXPERIENCE» AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC SITUATION DEVELOPMENT

Vyguzova Elena Yur'evna, Ph. D. in Philology

Glivenkova Ol'ga Anatol'evna, Ph. D. in Philology, Associate Professor

Lyabina Olesya Gennadievna, Ph. D. in Philology, Associate Professor

Annotation

language semantic experience archeseme

The article analyzes the language semantics and the archeseme of the semantic-evaluating group «experience». The groups of evaluating elements, associated with the evaluation of experience as a certain level of knowledge and skills that are manifested in practice are considered. Experience is manifested in the business qualities, among which are professionalism and expertise, rationality and organization. The direct evaluating elements of the semantic-evaluating group «experience» are considered, and the specificity of the economic situation is revealed through the prism of this group.

Key words and phrases: archeseme; evaluation; «experience»; lexical-semantic group; semantic-evaluating group; seme.

Аннотация

СЕМАНТИКО-ОЦЕНОЧНАЯ ГРУППА «ОПЫТ» КАК ОДИН ИЗ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ

Выгузова Елена Юрьевна, к. филол. н. Гливенкова Ольга Анатольевна, к. филол. н., доцент Лябина Олеся Геннадиевна, к. филол. н., доцент Тамбовский государственный технический университет

В статье анализируются языковая семантика и архисема семантико-оценочной группы «опыт». Рассматриваются группы оценочных элементов, связанных с оценкой опыта как определённого уровня знаний, умений и навыков, проявляющихся в практической деятельности. Проявляется опыт непосредственно в деловых качествах, среди которых выделяются профессионализм и квалификация, рациональность и организованность. Рассматриваются прямые оценочные элементы семантико-оценочной группы «опыт» и сквозь призму данной группы раскрывается специфика экономической ситуации.

Ключевые слова и фразы: архисема; оценка; «опыт»; лексико-семантическая группа; семантико-оценочная группа; сема.

The main text

The economic situation has the specific semantic features of evaluating oppositions, and its evaluation is the most significant in terms of semantic identity. The analysis of the factual material, taken from media sources, allows identifying the semantic-evaluating group «experience». Within the framework of this article the authors try to show how the semantic-evaluating group «experience» describes the economic situation.

The distinguishing and description of the semantic-evaluating group «experience» for the economic situation evaluation are conditioned by the unity of the lexical-semantic group associated with the archeseme «practice, practical activity»: Practice. 1 Human activity in the course of which individuals, affecting the material world and society, reorganize them; activity on the application of smth. In life, experience. Unity of theory and practice. To check the results of the experiment in practice. 2 Techniques, skills, conventional methods of activity. Teaching techniques. 3 Job, study as the basis of experience, skills in any sphere. One cannot learn a foreign language without practice [6, с. 125].

The presence of this archeseme in language semantics is expressed by the following lexemes: Experience. 1 The reflection of the laws and social practice of the objective world in the minds of people resulting from their active practical knowledge (spec.). 2 The system of knowledge and skills, abilities, learned in practice. Life experience. Research experience. Qualification. 2 The degree of validity to any type of work, the level of preparedness. Further training. Higher qualification. 3 Profession, speciality. To get the qualification of a turner [Там же, с. 124]. To qualify. 1 whom (what). To ascertain the degree of training, preparedness for any type of work, activity. Qualification of a specialist, sportsman [Там же]. Professionalism. 1 Good acquirement of one's profession. High professionalism [Там же].

Such integrative property of the economic situation as a level and therefore the archeseme «practical activity» are actualized in evaluating the economic situation by means of the semantic-evaluating group «experience». This archeseme is directly related to the semes of «qualified», «professional», «rationally organized» and «empirically verified» labour. So, in terms of evaluating semantics it is a representative qualitative characteristic of the economic situation and evaluates the quality of the economic situation, its objects. Basing on the semantic conditioning of the archeseme «practice» as «human activity», the main objects of economic situation evaluation are economic actors. They are people who directly or indirectly participate in the economic activity or the staff and managers involved in it or organize it.

The presence or absence of staff and managers experience, in general, becomes the evaluating factor of the whole economic situation, and the presence of experience involves the semes «professionalism» and «qualification» - so, «experienced» staff is always understood as the staff «of professionals», as «qualified» staff. «Experience» is usually associated with the high level of labour, and on the contrary «inexperience» with a low one, i.e. the lexical-semantic group «experience» is directly related to the integral of the economic situation development level: the quality of a level depends on the quality of staff and managers, that is, on their experience, professionalism and qualification.

The presence of experience, as a positive factor in the economic situation development, always presupposes the rational organization of personnel labour within the organization, which includes the attribution of the seme «rational / irrational» to the group «experience»: Rational [Ger. Rational < Lat. Ratiфnвlis reasonable]. 1 reasonable, expedient. Rational management [Там же, с. 202].

«Rationality» implies reasonableness and expediency, that is, the presence of a human resource that can adequately implement management decisions. In this connection the sphere of effective decision-making is a sphere of rational, pre-deliberate labour, and vice versa - the irrational sphere is a sphere of precipitate, unreasonable and inexpedient decisions. «Rationality», being a semantic element of the group «experience», involves the seme «good organization»: to organize [fr. 89rganizer <Gr. - See organ]. 2. To prepare, arrange smth. To organize assistance to refugees. To organize transport functioning. 3 To gather smb. for some purpose. To organize democratic forces of the country. 4 To put smth. In order. To organize one's time of work [1].

This is a group of evaluating elements associated with the evaluation of experience as a certain level of knowledge, abilities and skills that are manifested in practice. Experience is manifested in business qualities, among which are professionalism and qualification, rationality and organization. The original semantic model of the evaluation of the opposition by the feature of the group «experience» is as follows: qualified: unqualified experienced: inexperienced professional: unprofessional rational: irrational organized: disorganized.

Direct evaluating markers of the semantic-evaluating group «experience» can be presented as follows: 1) positive on the basis of presence/absence of experience; 2) negative on the basis of presence/absence of experience.

The semantic-evaluating group «experience» is expressed with the help of evaluating elements «qualified», «professional»:

Пожалуй, все же дело риэлторов - квалифицированно организовывать сделки с недвижимостью [3, с. 2].

Трудно представить, что будет означать для Америки потеря статуса Мекки для талантливой и высококвалифицированной молодежи из развивающихся стран [2, с. 31-32].

Эффективность их обеспечивается профессионализмом и самоотдачей агентов, менеджеров и сотрудников различных служб [3, с. 2].

The semantic-evaluating group «experience» can be presented indirectly with the help of various evaluating means that are semantic components of evaluating models of this group, for example:

We currently have the understanding, the global people and technology network, and the investment infrastructure to define, design, and build the engines for global collaboration [8, p. 18-20].

It can also be presented by evaluating nominates:

И тогда в риэлторский бизнес вливается немало случайных людей - работы всем хватает [3, с. 2-3]. Professional: random people qualified: unqualified

При этом, согласно исследованиям, доля россиян, имеющих опыт ипотечного кредитования (то есть выплачивающих или выплативших кредит), намного меньше - всего 2% [Там же, c. 4-5].

People who are a little bit more knowledgeable also understand that the risk of increasing the money supply to promote economic growth and job creation by making it easier for businesses to get loans is consumer price inflation [9, p. 25-30].

Oppositions of the semantic-evaluating group «experience» include phraseological word combinations, for example: Клиент вправе требовать, чтобы его агент был «на ты» с компьютером [3, с. 2].

«be on close terms»: inexperienced qualified: unqualified

Oppositions of the group «experience» include synonymous evaluating elements which do not correspond to subjects of economic activity i.e. do not have the semes of professionalism and qualification, but correspond to all economic situation. It is typical for evaluating means «proved»:

Это проверенная мировая практика, и она должна дать свои результаты [7, с. 44-45]. «proved world practice»: inexperienced «unproved»

In the example above the semantic-evaluating group «experience» has the additional meaning of «testing».

Evaluating elements that revealed themselves only with other elements around them, i.e. through the context, can be components of the semantic-evaluating group «experience». Such elements are often evaluating means that can be parts of other groups or present another evaluating characteristic. So a great number of evaluating oppositions connected with elements «serious / irresponsible» are parts of the semantic-evaluating group «experience». These elements in the group «experience» express the meaning of «rationality/irresponsibility». However the same elements can be components of other semantic-evaluating groups relevant to the attitude to economic situation evaluation.

This may be an element of the semantic-evaluating group «importance», for example:

Российская промышленность столкнулась с серьезными макроэкономическими вызовами, констатировали депутаты [4].

Serious: unimportant

This may be the group «emotions, feelings» - «fear»:

Алексей Павлович, шумиха вокруг энергокризиса началась примерно полтора года назад. Судя по ее характеру, некоторые эксперты делают вывод, что «страшилка» об энергокризисе не настолько серьезна, как ее малюют [5, с. 10].

«not so serious»: dangerous

Finally, the element «serious» can intensify other evaluating means, for example:

В условиях серьезного подорожания недвижимости клиенты риэлторских фирм вынуждены на многом экономить [3, с. 3].

The examples with elements «serious/not serious» show that in the language there are evaluating elements possessing wide evaluating possibilities as well as capable to perform the functions of evaluation intensifying means.

Description of the semantic-evaluating group «experience» in relation to economic situation evaluation may be considered relevant as the given group is integrally connected with the concept of «level» and evaluates the quality of subjects of economic activity (personnel and managers). Evaluating elements that correspond or do not correspond to the subjects of economic activity are included in this group. The semes of «professionalism» and «qualification» are included in the initial evaluation model if they correspond to subjects (participants) of economic activity. If the activity of subjects are estimated then the semes «rationally / irrationally» and «organized / disorganized» are added to the model «experience». Elements that may be considered as evaluating ones according to other characteristics such as «serious / not serious» and «old / young» can be components of the semantic-evaluating group «experience». The potential of evaluating semantics of language means is determined by multi-versioning of their usage as a part of different semantic-evaluating group and by ability to intensify the evaluation.

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