Challenges and problems of legal regulation of social and biological parenthood

Issue of social parenting in the child's life, emerging social relationship between the child and social parents. The importance of social parenting in a child’s life. Intersection of social and biological parenthood in the practice of Lithuanian courts.

Рубрика Государство и право
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 07.04.2022
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CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARENTHOOD

PERKUMIENЙ DALIA

SILVA ANTONIO

NORBUTAITЙ KAROLINA

Abstarct

biological parenthood social parenting

The relevance of this study. Today, the rights of the child are protected in many countries, and in the Lithuanian legal system, children's rights also play an important role in the implementation of the Institute of Human Rights. Custody of minor children is one of the means by which a child, as a subject of civil law, can ensure the exercise of his or her rights, be properly educated and supervised so that he or she grows up in a proper and safe environment and protect the best interests of the child. Adoption is also one of the measures that can ensure the implementation of the rights of the child. The main problem. This work examines an important and significant issue of social parenting in the child's life, the emerging social relationship between the child and social parents, which can be considered more important than the biological parenting relationship. To this day, it is recognized that the biological relationship between a child and parents is no longer the sole basis for paternity, and increasingly, courts must determine the importance of social parenting in a child's life, taking into account the child's legitimate interests. The following tasks were set for the defined goal: To define the concept of social and biological parenting; to reveal the importance of guardians in the implementation of the child's legal interests and to assess whether they can become social parents; to reveal the importance of adopters in the implementation of the child's legal interests and to assess whether they are social parents; to analyze the issues of intersection of social and biological parenthood in the practice of Lithuanian courts; to analyze the importance of social parenting in order to challenge parenthood. The aim of this work is to disclose problems and issues of legal regulation of biological and social parenting legal regulation. The paper concluded that biological parenting is based on scientific evidence and gives rise to a legal relationship with the child. Social paternity is when, in the absence of kinship between a child and the parents, close social ties are established and, once they are legalized by the court, legal relations are also established between the social parents and the children. Adoption is a type of social motherhood and parenthood, it is an opportunity for a child to grow up in a family that cannot grow up with biological parents or one of the parents, so the adoption institute best ensures the best interests of the child. The novelty increasingly, in the world, responsibilities arising from biological parenting are being transferred to others and artificial substitutes for the institute of parenting are being created. Biological parenting is no longer the only type of parenting, and social parents are increasingly appearing in families to act as parents in a child's daily life. As the result biological parents cannot ensure the best interests of the child in cases where the child is threatened in the biological family, therefore the intervention of state authorities is necessary in unavoidable cases. The used methodology is comparative analysis, document analysis, systematic analysis, linguistic.

Keywords: social parenthood, biological parenthood, child, child S interests.

Аннотация

ПЯРКУМЕНЕ, ДАЛЯ - Доц. проф. Доктор юридических наук. Университет Витаутаса Великого (Каунас, Литва)

СИЛЬВА, АНТОНИО - Доц. проф. доктор законов. Университет Экстремадури (Испания)

НОРБУТАЙТЕ, КАРОЛИНА - Юридический факультет Университета Витаутаса Великого (Каунас, Литва)

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РОДИТЕЛЬСТВА

Актуальность исследования. Сегодня права ребенка защищены во многих странах, и в правовой системе Литвы права детей также играют важную роль в реализации Института прав человека. Опека над несовершеннолетними детьми является одним из способов, с помощью которых ребенок как субъект гражданского права может обеспечить осуществление своих прав, получить надлежащее образование и присмотр за ним, чтобы он или она росли в надлежащих и безопасных условиях и защищать интересы ребенка. Усыновление также является одной из мер, способных обеспечить реализацию прав ребенка. Главная проблема. В этой работе исследуется важный и значительный вопрос социального воспитания в жизни ребенка, возникающие социальные отношения между ребенком и социальными родителями, которые можно считать более важными, чем отношения биологического воспитания. По сей день признано, что биологические отношения между ребенком и родителями больше не являются единственным основанием для установления отцовства, и все чаще суды должны определять важность социального воспитания в жизни ребенка с учетом законных интересов ребенка. Для поставленной цели были поставлены следующие задачи: Определить понятие социального и биологического воспитания; выявить важность опекунов в реализации законных интересов ребенка и оценить, могут ли они стать социальными родителями; выявить важность усыновителей в реализации законных интересов ребенка и оценить, являются ли они социальными родителями; проанализировать вопросы пересечения социального и биологического отцовства в практике судов Литвы; проанализировать важность социального воспитания для того, чтобы бросить вызов отцовству. Целью данной работы является раскрытие проблем и вопросов правового регулирования правового регулирования биологического и социального родительства. В документе сделан вывод о том, что биологическое воспитание основано на научных данных и порождает юридические отношения с ребенком. Социальное отцовство - это когда при отсутствии родства между ребенком и родителями устанавливаются тесные социальные связи, а после их легализации в суде между социальными родителями и детьми также устанавливаются правовые отношения. Усыновление - это тип социального материнства и отцовства, это возможность для ребенка вырасти в семье, которая не может расти с биологическими родителями или одним из родителей, поэтому институт усыновления наилучшим образом обеспечивает наилучшие интересы ребенка. Новизна: в мире все больше и больше обязанности, вытекающие из биологического воспитания, передаются другим, и создаются искусственные заменители института воспитания. Биологическое воспитание больше не является единственным типом воспитания, и в семьях все чаще появляются социальные родители, которые выступают в роли родителей в повседневной жизни ребенка. В результате биологические родители не могут обеспечить наилучшие интересы ребенка в случаях, когда ребенку угрожает биологическая семья, поэтому вмешательство государственных органов необходимо в неизбежных случаях. Используемая методология: сравнительный анализ, анализ документов, систематический анализ, лингвистический.

Ключевые слова: социальное отцовство, биологическое отцовство, ребенок, интересы ребенка.

Анотація

ПЯРКУМЕНЕ, ДАЛЯ - Доц. проф. Доктор юридических наук. Университет Витаутаса Великого (Каунас, Литва)

СІЛЬВА АНТОНІО - Доц. проф. доктор законів. Університет Екстремадури (Іспанія),

НОРБУТАЙТЕ, КАРОЛИНА - Юридический факультет Университета Витаутаса Великого (Каунас, Литва)

ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-БІОЛОГІЧНОГО БАТЬКІВСТВА

Актуальність дослідження. Сьогодні права дитини захищені в багатьох країнах, і в правовій системі Литви права дітей також грають важливу роль у реалізації Інституту прав людини. Опіка над неповнолітніми дітьми є одним із способів, за допомогою яких дитина як суб'єкт цивільного права може забезпечити здійснення своїх прав, отримати належну освіту і нагляд за ним, щоб він або вона росли у належних і безпечних умов і захищали інтереси дитини. Усиновлення також є одним із заходів, здатних забезпечити реалізацію прав дитини. Головна проблема. У цій роботі досліджується важливе і значне питання соціального виховання у житті дитини, у результаті якого виникають соціальні відносини між дитиною і соціальними батьками, які можна вважати більш важливими, ніж відносини біологічного виховання. До цього дня визнано, що біологічні відносини між дитиною і батьками перестають бути єдиною підставою для встановлення батьківства, і все частіше суди повинні визначати важливість соціального виховання у житті дитини з урахуванням законних інтересів дитини. Для поставленої мети були поставлені такі завдання: визначити поняття соціального і біологічного виховання; виявити важливість опікунів у реалізації законних інтересів дитини і оцінити, чи можуть вони стати соціальними батьками; виявити важливість усиновителів у реалізації законних інтересів дитини і оцінити, чи є вони соціальними батьками; проаналізувати питання перетину соціального і біологічного батьківства у практиці судів Литви; проаналізувати важливість соціального виховання для того, щоб кинути виклик батьківства. Метою даної роботи є розкриття проблем і питань правового регулювання біологічного і соціального батьківства. У документі зроблено висновок про те, що біологічне виховання засноване на наукових даних і породжує юридичні відносини з дитиною. Соціальне батьківство - це коли при відсутності спорідненості між дитиною і батьками встановлюються тісні соціальні зв'язки, а після їх легалізації у суді між соціальними батьками та дітьми також встановлюються правові відносини. Усиновлення - це тип соціального материнства і батьківства, можливість для дитини вирости у сім'ї, яка не може рости з біологічними батьками або одним з батьків, тому інститут усиновлення найкращим чином забезпечує найкращі інтереси дитини. Новизна: у світі все більше і більше обов'язків, що випливають з біологічного виховання, передаються іншим, і створюються штучні замінники інституту виховання. Біологічне виховання більше не є єдиним типом виховання і в сім'ях все частіше з'являються соціальні батьки, які виступають у ролі батьків у повсякденному житті дитини. Біологічні батьки не можуть забезпечити найкращі інтереси дитини у випадках, коли дитині загрожує біологічна родина, тому втручання державних органів необхідно у неминучих випадках. Використана методологія: порівняльний аналіз, аналіз документів, системний аналіз, лінгвістичний. Ключові слова: соціальне батьківство, біологічне батьківство, дитина, інтереси дитини.

Statement of the problem

In the case of adoption, the adoptive parents are equated with biological parents and the child no longer has the right to know his or her origin, a decision is made for him or her, which determines the child's lifetime. In the case of custody (care) and adoption, the recognition of social paternity certainly has a significant impact on the child's life, and this will not necessarily guarantee the best interests of the child. This work examines the important and significant issue of social parenting in the child's life, the emerging social relations between the child and social parents, which can be considered more important than the biological parenting relationship. To this day, it is recognized that the biological relationship between a child and parents is no longer the sole basis for paternity, and it is increasingly the case that courts must determine the importance of social parenting in a child's legitimate interests.

Relevance of the topic

A child is any person under the age of eighteen unless, under the exceptions of the law, his or her adulthood has not been recognized earlier. Today, the rights of the child are protected in many countries, and in the Lithuanian legal system, children's rights also play an important role in the implementation of the Institute of Human Rights. The rights of the child are distinguished from the general rights of people because of their subjective specificity. The child is unable to exercise his or her rights due to his or her immaturity, so the child's rights and interests must be taken care of first and foremost by the parents. Each child has two parents, i. y. father and mother and every child has the right to grow up in their own biological family, but for various reasons it happens that the child remains raised with one parent or the power of both parents is limited temporarily or indefinitely.

When a child loses one or both parents, there is a need to transfer the responsibilities of biological parents to other persons or institutions. With the emergence of a family that wants to exercise full parental rights and responsibilities and with which there is no biological connection, the Institute of Social Parents emerges, and they often successfully replace biological parents. Custody of minor children is one of the measures that allows a child, as a subject of civil law, to ensure the implementation of his or her rights, to be properly brought up and cared for in order to grow up in a proper and safe environment, and to safeguard the child's best interests. There are two types of care, temporary and permanent. The purpose of temporary custody (care) is to return the child to the biological family, when all obstacles that have made the need for temporary custody have been removed from the biological family. In permanent care, the child is not returned to the biological family. The child's natural right is to grow and develop in the family, so when the need for care arises, public authorities must find the best form of care for the child in order to properly ensure his or her rights and best meet his or her legitimate interests.

The aim of the research is to disclose problems and issues of legal regulation of biological and social parenting legal regulation.

Results

The rights and interests of the child are issues that are widely discussed and defended in today's society, as well as inseparable concepts to best ensure the well-being of children. What cannot be said about the legal situation in Lithuania and the attitude of the society several decades ago. One of the fundamental changes took place in 1992, when Lithuania acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child [1], which protects the various rights of children and has helped society to change its attitudes towards children and their legal personality [2]. Children have their own special legal system, which derives from human rights and the obligation of parents or guardians to meet the special needs of children, to provide them with protection and to follow the basic principles of ensuring the well-being of children, which are enshrined in the Convention [3].

Under the Convention, children have economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights granted to all children without exception. The intended rights were defined for persons under 18 years of age. The Supreme Court of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as the SCL) clarified that it is in the best interests of the child to create such conditions that would lead to comprehensive and sustainable development, prepare the child for independent living, as well as ensure his or her health, sustainable physical and psychological development and socially acceptable education [4]. In any sphere, when the question arises as to what is a child and childhood, one immediately thinks of the first stage of life, when children are developing people. In most cases, children are controlled by other persons, i. parents, teachers, social services, etc. [5].

The concept of the biological and social parenting.

The concept of biological parenting is still often referred to in the scientific literature as the traditional concept of parenthood, due to established attitudes and customs throughout the world. Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania (hereinafter CC) Art. 3.137 3 d. the provision is established that the origin of a child from his or her parents is confirmed from the day of the child's birth and from that date creates the related rights and obligations established by law.

Thus, the legal relationship that arises between a parent and a child arises from the origin of the parents, which is based on blood ties. The basis of biological parenthood is the genetic relationship between the child and the parents. In addition, in disputes concerning the establishment or challenge of paternity, the conclusion of the DNA examination must be regarded as important and fundamental evidence in the courts.

The SCL has stated that "scientific evidence must be given priority in confirming or denying paternity"^]. Biological parenting is based on scientific evidence and results in a legal relationship between the child and the parents. Biological parents are considered to be the most important and given the principle of biological family priority in all decisions concerning children and this is related to the child's right to grow up in a biological family, and to maintain kinship ties [7]. Biological parenting is considered to be the most important for a child, but this does not always mean that the biological father will be more important to the child and he will better serve his interests than the social father. The concept of parenthood can be defined in different ways through different insights, e.g. a biologist, a lawyer, a psychologist, or even the child himself may answer the question of who the father is completely different and there will be no definition of one prevailing concept. Social paternity occurs when a legal relationship develops between a child and a parent or both parents, regardless of genetic ties, such as. may be when the child is born with the aid of assisted reproduction, or when the child is adopted by another family or simply by growing up with his biological mother and the spouse adopts the spouse's biological child [8].

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