Procedural procedure for obtaining witness status by persons engaged as attesting witnesses
The article analyzes the legal regulation of the status of a witness in criminal proceedings. Proposals are offered to resolve issues related to establishing the rights and obligations of witnesses in criminal proceedings. List of investigative actions.
| Рубрика | Государство и право |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 27.07.2022 |
| Размер файла | 18,0 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/
Procedural procedure for obtaining witness status by persons engaged as attesting witnesses
Shkelebei V.A.
National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"
Yatsyk T.P.
University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine
Abstract
The article analyses the legal regulation of the status of attesting witness in criminal proceedings. Proposals were made to address issues of fixing of the rights and obligations of witnesses in criminal proceedings. The author's definition of attesting witness in criminal proceedings is provided, which means an adult capable person who is involved by a prosecutor and an investigator in the conduct of investigative (search) actions, whose duties are to monitor the procedure for carrying out such actions, as well as to assist the investigator in his or her requests for such actions.
It is proposed to supplement the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine with article 72-2 "Rights of the attesting witness" and article 72-3 "Obligations of the attesting witness", which clearly provide for an exhaustive list of rights and obligations of the attesting witnesses, this will avoid in practice the involvement of inappropriate persons as the attesting witnesses.
Key words:
attesting witness, witness, criminal proceedings, rights and obligations of the attesting witness, investigator, prosecutor.
Процесуальний порядок отримання статусу свідка особами, залученими як поняті
Шкелебей В.А.
Національний університет "Києво-Могилянська академія"
Яцик Т.П.
Університет державної фіскальної служби України
Ключові слова:
поняті, свідок, кримінальне провадження, права та обов'язки понятого, слідчий, прокурор.
У статті проаналізовано правову регламентацію статусу понятого в кримінальному провадженні. Запропоновано пропозиції для вирішення питань щодо закріплення прав та обов'язків понятих у кримінальному провадження. legal criminal witness
Внесено пропозиції щодо регламентації прав та обов'язків понятих у кримінальному провадженні. Визначено перелік слідчих (розшукових) дій, до яких залучаються поняті: 1) пред'явлення особи, трупа чи речі для впізнання; 2) огляд трупа, в тому числі пов'язаного з ексгумацією; 3) слідчий експеримент; 4) освідування особи. Визначено винятки, коли участь понятих у кримінальному провадженні може замінюватися на безперервну відеофіксацію слідчої (розшукової) дії.
Звернено увагу на випадки, коли участь свідків є обов'язковою і не може бути замінена безперервним відеозаписом: обшук чи огляд будинку чи іншого володіння особи, обшук особи.
Зауважено на чіткій регламентації кримінальним процесуальним законом категорій осіб, які не можуть бути залучені для участі у проведенні слідчих (розшукових) дій як поняті.
Важливість визначення статусу, зрозумілого в кримінально- процесуальному законодавстві, доведено тим, що: 1) вони забезпечують процесуальні гарантії прав особи у кримінальному судочинстві; 2) виключається можливість фальсифікацій із боку працівників правоохоронних органів; 3) їх наявність має важливе дисциплінуюче значення для слідчого та прокурора;
4) підвищується надійність достовірності отриманих доказів;
5) забезпечується участь народу у здійсненні правосуддя; 6) гарантується дотримання правильності фіксації факту, змісту та результатів процесуальних дій; 7) у ході судового розгляду понятий може стати свідком однієї зі сторін кримінального провадження тощо.
Представлено авторське визначення понятого у кримінальному провадженні, під яким розуміється повнолітня дієздатна особа, яка залучається слідчим, прокурором під час проведення слідчих (розшукових) дій, в обов'язки якої входить спостереження за порядком проведення таких дій, а також допомога слідчому за його зверненням у їх проведенні.
Запропоновано доповнити КПК України статтею 72-2 "Права понятого" та статтею 72-3 "Обов'язки понятого", в яких чітко передбачити вичерпний перелік прав та обов'язків понятих, що дозволить уникнути у практичній діяльності залучення неналежних осіб як понятих.
Statement of a problem. The current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not pay due attention to those attesting witnesses as participants in criminal proceedings. Only there is a mention in article 3 and 223 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, and a clear procedural status is not defined.
Analysis of modern researches. Various aspects related to the legislative consolidation of the procedural status of attesting witnesses have been repeatedly considered in their works by scientists in the field of criminal procedure and forensic science. This issue was studied in more detail by O.L. Buleyko, O.A. Strutz, L.V. Cherechukina and O.V. Hitrova. Legal, organizational and procedural issues of participation of those attesting witnesses in criminal proceedings were reflected in their works by such famous scientists of law Yu.P. Alenin, V.P. Bahin, R.S. Belkin, A.F. Volobuyev, Yu.M. Groshevy, V.O. Konovalova, V.T. Malarenko, O.R. Mikhaylenko, V.T. Nor, M.A. Pogoretsky, S.M. Stakhovskaya, V.M. Tertisnik, V. Yu. Shepitko, M.E. Schumilo and others.
The purpose of the article is to define and regulate the status of what is attesting witness in criminal proceedings and to make proposals to address these issues to the current procedural law.
Statement of the main material. Analysing the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, there is a lack of full regulation of the status of the attesting witness.
Often in the legal literature there is an error in determining the status of attesting witness (prior to investigative (search) actions, persons who do not have the right to be attesting witness is involved).
There are often complications in modern investigative practice due to the uncertainty of the status of the attesting witness as a participant in criminal proceedings and the problem of involving attesting witness to participate in investigative (search) actions, which in the context of increasing pressure on investigators, officers of operational and other units of the National Police often become prerequisites for violations of procedural form by them (and sometimes official abuses), which may eventually lead to undesirable procedural consequences, both at the pretrial and trial stages [1]. The current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine still does not define a specific concept of who is attesting witness, so for its regulation it is necessary to turn to the theory of criminal procedure and the experience of processual scientists. Having analyzed the legal literature, it is possible to formulate a concept of attesting witness in criminal proceedings, which may be an adult capable person, who is engaged by an investigator, a prosecutor in the conduct of investigative (search) actions, whose duties are to monitor the procedure for carrying out such actions, as well as to assist the investigator in his or her request for such actions. The main purpose of attesting witnesses in the conduct of investigative (search) actions at the pre-trial investigation is to create the necessary conditions for the most objective and legitimate conduct of these actions and is an important legal guarantee of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in the process, as well as to attest by its signature the conformity of the records in the protocol with the actions performed.
It should be noted that the definition of the status of other participants in criminal proceedings is regulated by the Code of Criminal Procedure, namely, the applicant; civil claimant; civil defendant; A representative of the civil plaintiff, the civil defendant; The legal representative of the civil plaintiff; A representative of the legal entity against which the proceedings are being conducted; The third person in respect of whose property question of the arrest is to be decided; witness; translator; expert; Specialist, representative of probation body personnel; court clerk; judicial manager.
As we can see, there is no such participant as "attesting witness" in the above-mentioned list. The basis for participation in the process is the involvement of his by investigator, the prosecutor, but this statement can be made only by analysing certain articles of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine. A separate article that would fully regulate the procedural status of attesting witness is not available.
The part 7 of Art. 223 of the CPC of Ukraine provides for the participation of the attesting witnesses during the conduct of individual investigative (search) actions. This standard defines qualitative (disinterest) and quantitative (at least two) criteria for persons who are involved as attesting witnesses.
The attesting witnesses are involved in carrying out such investigative (search) actions: 1) presentation of a person, corpse or things for identification;
2) examination of the corpse, including exhumation;
3) investigative experiment; 4) personal identification. Despite the development of technical means of continuous video recording of the procedure for carrying out relevant investigative (search) actions, the legislator establishes an exception and allows the carrying out of these actions without the participation of the witnesses. At the same time, investigative (search) actions related to substantial interference in the personal rights and interests of a person - search or inspection of a home or other possession of a person, search of a person are carried out with the mandatory participation of at least two attesting witnesses regardless of the use of technical means of recording such investigative (search) actions. This list of investigative (search) actions is exhaustive. However, it should be noted that the legislator does not deprive the investigator or the prosecutor the right to invite attesting witnesses to other proceedings if they consider it appropriate (art. 223, paragraph 7, of the Code of Criminal Procedure) of Ukraine [2].
The expediency of inviting attesting witnesses to participate in other proceedings is determined by the investigator or prosecutor, whose carries out criminal proceedings, possess the full amount of necessary material and can take into account objective and subjective factors affecting the process and results of a particular procedural action.
In our opinion, the need to involve attesting witnesses investigative (search) actions can be argued by the fact that (1) they provide procedural guarantees of the rights of the individual in criminal proceedings; 2) the possibility of falsification by law enforcement officials is excluded; 3) their presence has an important disciplinary value for the investigator and prosecutor; 4) improving reliability of the obtained evidence; 5) the participation of the people in the administration of justice shall be ensured; 6) observance of correctness of recording of fact, content and results of procedural actions is guaranteed; 7) during the trial the attesting witness may witness one of the parties to the criminal proceedings and the like.
The criminal procedural law clearly defines the categories of persons who cannot be involved in investigative (search) actions as attesting witnesses (Code of Criminal Procedure, art. 223, paragraph 7). Thus, the victim, relatives of the suspect, accused and victim, law enforcement officials, as well as persons interested in the results of criminal proceedings cannot be attesting witnesses.
Considering the above, it is expedient to supplement the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine with article 72-2 "Rights of the attesting witnesses" and article 72-3 "Obligations of the attesting witnesses", which clearly provide for an exhaustive list of rights and obligations of the attesting witnesses will avoid in practice the involvement of inappropriate persons as the attesting witnesses.
Attesting witnesses are also invited to certify by signature the refusal of the person to sign the protocol, as well as the fact of providing written explanations of the person about the reasons for such refusal in case of absence of her defender (legal representative) of Part 6 of Article 104 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine [1]. Attesting witnesses may be invited to participate in other proceedings if the investigator or prosecutor deems it appropriate. Attesting witnesses must be at least two. The attesting witnesses to the proceedings may be questioned during the trial. Attesting witnesses must meet such procedural requirements as being an adult, not interested in the results of criminal proceedings, careful about compliance with the procedure of carrying out investigative (search) actions and about compliance of carried out actions with the content of the procedural document, which they signed.
Attesting witnesses are also invited to certify signature the refusal of the person to sign the protocol, as well as the fact of providing written explanations of the person about the reasons for such refusal in case of absence of her defender (legal representative) of Part 6 of Article 104 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine [1]. Attesting witnesses may be invited to participate in other proceedings if the investigator or prosecutor deems it appropriate. Attesting witnesses must be at least two. The attesting witnesses to the proceedings may be questioned during the trial. Attesting witnesses must meet such procedural requirements as being an adult, not interested in the results of criminal proceedings, careful about compliance with the procedure of carrying out investigative (search) actions and about compliance of carried out actions with the content of the procedural document, which they signed.
Conclusions
A number of key questions on attesting witnesses remain unclear to date, in particular their status as participants in criminal proceedings, the procedure for involving in investigative (search) actions and other procedural actions, grounds for challenge and security. Therefore, in our opinion, for attending witness worthwhile devote separate articles in the Criminal Code of Ukraine referred to above. This will make it possible to specifically regulate and establish the institution of attending witness in the criminal procedural legislation, to ensure the safety of persons (as witnesses), to minimize official abuses by employees of the National Police and to fully ensure the implementation of the tasks and principles of criminal proceedings.
Література
1. Кримінальний процесуальний кодекс України вигляд 13.02.2020 № 4651-VI. URL : http://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17 (дата звернення: 22.02.2020).
2. Лук'янчиков Є. Д., Лук'янчівов Б. Є. Законодавче регулювання інституту понятих. Вісник кримінального судочинства. № 2/2015 URL : file:///D:/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0 %B7%D0%BA%D0%B8/vkc_2015_2_9%20(1).pdf (дата звернення: 22.02.2020).
3. References
4. Kriminalnij procesualnij kodeks Ukrayini vid 13.02.2020 № 4651-VI URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/4651-17 (data zvernennya 22.02.2020).
5. Luk'yanchikov Ye. D., Luk'yanchivov B. Ye. Zakonodavche regulyuvannya institutu ponyatih. Visnik kriminalnogo sudochinstva. № 2/2015 URL: file:///D:/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83 %D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8/vkc_2015_2_9%20(1).pdf (data zvernennya 22.02.2020).
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
The purpose of state punishment. Procedure of criminal case. The aim of punishment. Theories of Punishment. The Difficult Child. Last hired, first fired. The Health Professions. Traditional Collector's Editions. Hospital and Specialist Services.
шпаргалка [41,7 K], добавлен 23.03.2014Idea of human rights in constitutional legislation of Russia. The judicial review process. Establishing a certain period of appeal with supervisory complaint and limiting grounds for initiation of proceedings. The functions of the cabinet of Ministers.
реферат [16,6 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Legal regulation of rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, according to article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Regulation about the order of granting of gratuitous grants for residing in Republic Severnaya Ossetia - Alaniya.
реферат [19,8 K], добавлен 13.02.2015The concept and features of the state as a subject of international law. The sovereignty as the basis of the rights and duties of the state. Basic rights and obligations of the state. The international legal responsibility of states. Full list of rights.
курсовая работа [30,1 K], добавлен 17.05.2016Interaction of the courts of general jurisdiction and the Constitutional court of Ukraine. Impact of the institute of complaints on human rights. Analis of an independent function of the Constitutional court and courts of the criminal jurisdiction.
статья [19,6 K], добавлен 19.09.2017Concept of development basic law. Protection of freedom through the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. Analysis of the humanitarian aspects of the legal status of a person. Systematic review of articles of the constitution of Russia.
реферат [21,2 K], добавлен 14.02.2015The requirements of human rights. The rights to life and liberty. Impact In Terms Of Substantive Law. Procedure or Levels of Damages in the Field Of Health Law. Effects of Traditional Practices on Women and Children. Traditional Childbirth Practices.
реферат [16,0 K], добавлен 27.01.2012The steady legal connection of the person with the state, expressing in aggregate of legal rights and duties. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992. Establishment of the European Economic Community. Increase of the number of rights given to the citizens.
реферат [22,5 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Degradation of environment in cities has brought to destruction of ecosystems and its inconvertible nature. At characteristics of the occupied (housing) lands in the city as important condition of formation of favorable ambience of environment for people.
статья [20,4 K], добавлен 10.02.2015Understanding the science of constitutional law. Organization of state power and the main forms of activity of its bodies. The study of the constitutional foundations of the legal status of the citizen, local government. Research on municipal authorities.
реферат [15,3 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Lack of protection and increased vulnerability. Refusal to grant asylum to citizens of the CIS countries and China. Abduction, deportation and extradition. Asylum seekers and refugees from Uzbekistan - a group at risk. Migration Policy in Kazakhstan.
реферат [17,2 K], добавлен 16.04.2014The system of executive authorities. Legislation of Ukraine as sources of social protection. The mechanism and contents of social protection tax. Benefits as the main element of the special legal status of a person. Certain features of protection.
реферат [18,9 K], добавлен 30.09.2012The official announcement of a state of emergency in the country. Legal measures that State Party may begin to reduce some of its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Ensure public order in emergency situations.
реферат [19,2 K], добавлен 08.10.2012The concept of legitimate force, the main condition and the possibility of entry of legal acts in force. Reflection of the procedure in the legislation of the European Union and the Russian Federation: comparative characteristics and differences.
реферат [20,5 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Determination of the notion of the legal territory of estimation. Sensor bases of information for legal estimating activity (estimation). Legal estimating abilities. Motivation of applied psychotechnics for legal estimating, and self-estimating.
реферат [19,3 K], добавлен 13.02.2015The international collective human rights' concept is still in process of development, and that we may say about many of international human rights. However, such a view is particularly true with regard to this group of rights.
реферат [21,3 K], добавлен 10.06.2003Creation history International Partnership for Human Rights. Projects aiming to advance the rights of vulnerable communities, such as women, children, migrants and minorities, who are subject to human rights abuses in different parts of the world.
презентация [472,6 K], добавлен 04.10.2012Characteristics of Applied Sciences Legal Linguistics and its main components as part of the business official Ukrainian language. Types of examination of texts and review specific terminology used in legal practice in interpreting legal documents.
реферат [17,1 K], добавлен 14.05.2011Opening of maintenance of right of intellectual ownership as to the aggregate of rights on the results of intellectual activity and mean of individualization. Types of intellectual rights: author, patent right, contiguous rights, secrets of production.
реферат [10,1 K], добавлен 08.04.2011General characteristics of the personal security of employees. Bases of fight against a corruption in the tax service of Ukraine. Personal safety of the tax police, concept, content, principles. Legislative regulation of non-state security activity.
реферат [24,7 K], добавлен 08.10.2012
