Аналіз міжнародних туристичних потоків України за період з 2012 по 2017 рік

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Аналіз міжнародних туристичних потоків України за період з 2012 по 2017 рік

Глибовець Вікторія Леонідівна,

кандидат географічних наук, доцент

Хвесик Юлія Михайлівна,

доктор економічних наук, професор

Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, м. Київ

Анотація

Метою статті є аналіз динаміки туристичних потоків між Україною та іншими країнами світу, а також виявлення чинників, які найбільше впливають на розвиток міжнародного туризму.

Методика дослідження. Найважливішими статистичними показниками, що характеризують туристичні потоки, є кількість українців, які відвідали інші країни з туристичною метою та кількість туристів - громадян інших країн, які прибули до України. У нашому дослідженні туристичних потоків України був використаний математичний показник, що відображає особливості туристичних потоків та їх соціально- економічне значення для розвитку міжнародного туризму в країні, а саме коефіцієнт туристичних обмінів. Для дослідження були обрані країни, які принаймні 2 роки поспіль відвідували понад 50 тисяч туристів з України. Загальна кількість туристів включає осіб, які подорожували зі службовими, туристичними та приватними цілями (не враховуючи обслуговуючий персонал та військовослужбовців).

Результати дослідження. Більшість туристів з України їдуть до сусідніх країн, а саме до Росії, Молдови, Білорусі, Польщі, Румунії, Угорщини та Туреччини. Туреччина є популярним місцем відпочинку серед українців, оскільки знаходиться недалеко від України і може надати туристам хороший сервіс. Необхідно врахувати той факт, що велика кількість українців працює за кордоном, переважно в Європі, а також у Росії. Коли ці люди виїжджають до іноземної країни, вони можуть заявити, що їх візит є приватним, а не робочим; тому їх помилково визначають як туристів. Країнами-донорами туристів, які приїжджають в Україну, є (коефіцієнт має тенденцію до "1") Таджикистан, Узбекистан та США. Країнами, для яких Україна є донором туристів, є (коефіцієнт має тенденцію до "-1") Об'єднані Арабські Емірати, Єгипет, Кіпр, Іспанія, Греція, Австрія, Туреччина та Польща.

Наукова новизна. Вперше розраховано коефіцієнт туристичних обмінів України по відношенню до 29 країн світу за 2012 та 2017 роки. Виявлено країни-донори туристів, що приїжджають до України, а також країни, для яких Україна є донором туристів.

Практична значимість. Полягає у виявленні того факту, що Україна - це країна-донор туристів. Враховуючи той факт, що Україна багата на туристичні ресурси, з часом, використовуючи досвід туристичних країн світу, вона може змінити цей статус і приймати більше іноземних туристів.

Ключові слова: туристичні потоки, коефіцієнт туристичних обмінів, донори туристів. туризм міжнародний світ

Глибовец Виктория Леонидовна,

кандидат географических наук, доцент

Хвесик Юлия Михайловна,

доктор экономических наук, профессор

Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Киев,

АНАЛИЗ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПОТОКОВ УКРАИНЫ ЗА ПЕРИОД С 2012 ПО 2017 ГОД

Целью статьи является анализ динамики туристических потоков между Украиной и другими странами мира, а также выявление факторов, которые больше всего влияют на развитие международного туризма.

Методика исследования. Важнейшими статистическими показателями, характеризующими туристические потоки, является количество украинский, посетивших другие страны с туристической целью и количество туристов - граждан других стран, которые прибыли в Украину. В нашем исследовании туристических потоков Украины был использован математический показатель, отражающий особенности туристических потоков и их социально-экономическое значение для развития международного туризма в стране, а именно коэффициент туристических обменов. Для исследования были выбраны страны, которые, по крайней мере, 2 года подряд посещали более 50 000 туристов из Украины. Общее количество туристов включает лиц, которые путешествовали со служебными, туристическими и частными целями (не считая персонал и военнослужащих).

Результаты исследования. Большинство туристов из Украины едут в соседние страны, а именно в Россию, Молдову, Беларусь, Польши, Румынии, Венгрии и Турции. Турция является популярным местом отдыха среди украинцев, поскольку находится недалеко от Украины и может предоставить туристам хороший сервис. Необходимо учесть тот факт, что большое количество украинцев работает за границей, преимущественно в Европе, а также в России. Когда эти люди выезжают в иностранное государство, они могут заявить, что их визит является частным, а не рабочим; поэтому их ошибочно определяют как туристов.

Странами-донорами туристов, которые приезжают в Украину, является (коэффициент имеет тенденцию к "1") Таджикистан, Узбекистан и США. Странами, для которых Украина является донором туристов, есть (коэффициент имеет тенденцию к "1") Объединенные Арабские Эмираты, Египет, Кипр, Испания, Греция, Австрия, Турция и Польша.

Научная новизна. Впервые рассчитан коэффициент туристических обменов Украины по отношению к 29 стран мира за 2012 и 2017 годы. Выявлено страны-доноры туристов, приезжающих в Украину, а также страны, для которых Украина является донором туристов.

Практическая значимость. Заключается в выявлении того факта, что Украина - это страна-донор туристов. Учитывая тот факт, что Украина богата на туристические ресурсы, со временем, используя опыт туристических стран мира, она может изменить этот статус и принимать больше иностранных туристов.

Ключевые слова: туристические потоки, коэффициент туристических обменов, доноры туристов.

Glybovets Victoria Leonidivna,

PhD (geography), Associate Professor

Khvesyk Yuliia Mykhailivna,

Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST STREAMS OF UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2012 TO 2017

The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of tourist streams between Ukraine and other countries of the world, as well as to identify the factors that influence the development of international tourism most of all.

Research methodology. The most important statistical indicators that characterize tourist streams are the number of Ukrainians who visited other countries for tourist purposes and the number of tourists - citizens of other countries, who arrived in Ukraine. In our study of the tourist streams of Ukraine the mathematical indicator that reflects the features of tourist streams and their socio-economic importance for the development of international tourism in the country, namely the coefficient of tourist exchanges, was used. Selected for the research were the countries visited by more than 50 thousand tourists from Ukraine for at least 2 years in a row. The total number of the tourists includes persons who travelled for official, tourism, and private purposes (without vehicle servicing personnel and servicemen).

Results of the research. Most tourists from Ukraine go to neighboring countries, namely to Russia, Moldova, Belarus, Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Turkey. Turkey is a popular holiday destination among Ukrainians, because it's close to Ukraine and can provide tourists with a good service. It is necessary to take into account the fact that a large number of Ukrainians work abroad, mainly in Europe, as well as in Russia. When these people leave for a foreign country, they can state their visit is private, not working; therefore, they are mistakenly defined as tourists. The donor countries of tourists who come to Ukraine are (the coefficient tends to "1") Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and the United States. The countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists are the (coefficient tends to "-1") United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Cyprus, Spain, Greece, Austria, Turkey, and Poland.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the coefficient of tourist exchanges of Ukraine in relation to 29 countries of the world for 2012 and 2017 was calculated. The donor countries of tourists coming to Ukraine, as well as the countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists were identified.

Practical significance. It is to reveal the fact that Ukraine is a donor country for tourists. Given the fact that Ukraine is rich in tourist resources, over time, using the experience of tourist countries around the world, it can change this status and receive more foreign tourists.

Keywords: tourist streams, the coefficient of tourist exchanges, donors of tourists.

Problem statement. Tourist stream is a set of people who leave their place of permanent residence to travel in various directions on foot or by some kind of transport in the period from 24 hours to one year without engaging in paid activities and go back. The tourist stream as a totality of organized and amateur travelers exists as the basis for the formation of a tourist product.

According to the methodology of the World Tourism Organization, all residents who temporarily travel abroad, regardless of the purpose of their trip, are considered as tourists, with the exception of persons leaving for the purpose of education and work.

The tourist business is the most profitable sector of the economy of many countries. Ukraine also began to focus its efforts on the development of tourism, both internal and external.

Tourism has boasted virtually uninterrupted growth over time, despite occasional shocks, demonstrating the sector's strength and resilience. International tourist arrivals have increased from 25 million globally in 1950 to 278 million in 1980, 674 million in 2000, and 1,235 million in 2016. International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) in 2016 grew by 3.9% to reach a total of 1,235 million worldwide, an increase of 46 million over the previous year. It was the seventh consecutive year of above average growth in international tourism following the 2009 global economic crisis. A comparable sequence of uninterrupted solid growth has not been recorded since the 1960s (Kreag 2001).

WTTC's latest annual research, in conjunction with Oxford Economics, shows Travel & Tourism's contribution to world GDP outpaced the global economy for the sixth consecutive year in 2016, rising to a total of 10.2% of world GDP (US$7.6 trillion). The sector now supports 292 million people in employment - that's 1 in 10 jobs on the planet. Travel & Tourism forecasts over the next ten years also look extremely favourable with predicted growth rates of 3.9% annually (UNWTO 2017).

Tourism can improve the quality of life in an area by increasing the number of attractions, recreational opportunities, and services. Tourism offers residents opportunities to meet interesting people, make friendships, learn about the world, and expose themselves to new perspectives. Experiencing different cultural practices enriches experiences, broadens horizons, and increases insight and appreciation for different approaches to living. Often, dwindling interest in host cultures is revived by reawakening cultural heritage as part of tourism development, which increases demand for historical and cultural exhibits. This interest by tourists in local culture and history provides opportunities to support preservation of historical artifacts and architecture. By learning more about others, their differences become less threatening and more interesting (World Travel & Tourism Council 2017).

It's worth noting, that the year 2017 was declared by The United Nations General Assembly as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development recalling the potential of tourism to advance the universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Travel streams are worth exploring, as tourists are one of the sources of financial revenues in a country. It is an indisputable fact, that foreign tourists brings profit to a country. For this reason, our research concentrates on the international tourist streams of Ukraine.

Ukraine is a country rich in tourist resources, but numerous political events (public protests on the main square, Maydan Nezalezhnosti; anti-terrorist operations in the East of the country) have a negative impact on the development of tourism, and in particular on inbound tourism.

By conducting a detailed analysis of the international tourist streams of Ukraine, we will be able to find out from which countries a small number of tourists come to Ukraine. In this way, we will know that more attention is needed to publicize Ukraine as a tourist destination in these countries in order to attract more tourists. In addition, this research will allow us to see in which countries of the world Ukrainian citizens spend their holidays and determine the reasons for their popularity among Ukrainians. The practical value of the results of this research lies in it.

Analysis of research and publications. The issues of the tourist streams of Ukraine were considered by O.O. Lyubitseva (2004), V.I. Kostashchuk (2010), O.M. Lutak, L.V. Mikhalchuk (2012), O. Yu. Bordun (2013), N.F. Alekseeva, O. Ya. Drin (2014), O.A. Pys'mennyj (2014) et al. However, the theoretical analysis of the scientific sources showed that these problems are not studied fully, which creates a need for an in-depth study.

Foreign scientists such as J. Preez & S.F. Witt (2005), Li, G., K.K.F. Wong, H. Song & S.F. Witt (2008), C. Goh, R. Law & H.M.K. Mok (2010), J. Ritalahti, A. Konttinen (2013), D.A. Kozlov (2016), N.M. Karaulova, L.V. Silicheva, V.V. Antonenko, E.E. Konovalova, Lebedev K.A. (2017) etc. study problems of tourist streams.

Selection of previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. It is necessary to find out whether Ukraine is more of a donor of tourists to other countries of the world, or, conversely, a certain country or several countries are donors of tourists to Ukraine. It is also necessary to find out from which countries of the world tourists come to Ukraine the most, and to which countries Ukrainian tourists go.

The purpose of this research work is to analyze the dynamics of tourist streams between Ukraine and other countries of the world, as well as to identify the factors that influence the development of international tourism the most.

Data and methods. The most important statistical indicators that characterize tourist streams are the number of Ukrainians who visited other countries for tourist purposes and the number of tourists - citizens of other countries, who arrived in Ukraine.

In studying the current state of development of tourist streams it's important to use mathematical indicators that reflect the features of tourist streams and their socio-economic importance for the development of international tourism in the country. Such indicators should take into account the following characteristics of tourist flows: 1) the ratio between the number of arrivals of foreign tourists from the country studied and the number of citizens who left for the same country for tourist purposes; 2) the share of the relevant categories of tourists in the total volume of international tourists in the country; 3) represent the general socio-economic trends of the relevant international tourist streams. One of these indicators is the coefficient of tourist exchanges I (formula 1).

where Ni is the proportion of foreigners from another country, who visited the region (country) for tourism purposes, in the total number of foreign tourists; Zi is the share of citizens of the country who visited this other country with a tourist purpose in the total number of foreign tourists in the region (country) (Kostashhuk 2010).

The meaning of this indicator can vary from -1 to +1. Indicator "-1" means that there was only the departure of tourists from the region (country) and there were no registered arrivals of foreign tourists. This means that travel companies in the country mainly work only to send their own citizens abroad. Accordingly, such a state of international tourism in the region (country) doesn't contribute to the development of its own tourist complex, because under such conditions, the tourist product created here isn't consumed. Indicator "0" means that the intensity of arrivals from another country is comparable to the intensity of departures from this country. When the coefficient of tourist exchanges is "+1" it means that foreigners come to the region (country), and the return touristic stream is absent. This situation is the most attractive for the region (country), as it contributes to the intensification of consumption of the tourist product created here and the increase of the efficiency of the local tourist complex. Extreme values of the coefficient are possible in a limited number of cases. Therefore, the absolute majority of indicators of the coefficient of tourist exchanges ranges from "-1" to "+1". At the same time, the degree of approximation of the indicator to the extreme values characterizes the intensity and direction of tourist streams, and to a certain extent reflects the development of the tourist complex of the region (country), the direction and efficiency of economic activity of the subjects of tourism business (Kostashhuk 2010).

Tourist streams of Ukraine, 2012-2017