Стокорегулювальний вплив лісів на водозборах малих річок Бескид

Гідрологічні функції лісів. Дослідження лісівничо-таксаційних характеристик лісів на водозборах різного ієрархічного рівня у Бескидах. Оцінка стокорегулювального впливу лісів, його зміни внаслідок лісозаготівельних робіт. Використання штучного дощування.

Рубрика Сельское, лесное хозяйство и землепользование
Вид автореферат
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 27.07.2015
Размер файла 527,1 K

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The slope steepness on small catchments with area less then 3 km2 is determinant factor in flow formation even in conditions of high parentage of forest land. The dependences between water flow in main river and its' feeders are rectilinear with close connection (in 60 % events) and mean correlation in all other events.

The final harvesting influence on the water-physical properties of soils and the flow redistribution has been determined. The surface runoff on skidroads and compacted surfaces begins after 2 minutes when the rain of 2.0-2.5 mm/min intensity has started. The runoff coefficient varies from 0.37 to 0.56 here. The elementary surface runoff at upper soil layer humidity less then 58 % in forest stands and on bio-glade does not appear even during one our rain simulation with intensity of 3.6 mm/min. However, in case of soil intensive previous moistening even on the undisturbed surfaces under forest cover the insignificant surface runoff appears. Its' intensity here is in 7-10 times less then on main skidroad.

The functional dependence of the hydrological indices versus catchments' characteristics with employment of mathematical modeling methods has been established. In different periods of moistening the influence of forest and its' characteristics on the surface runoff regulation is distinct. The volume of flood surface flow varies in broad range from 4 to 99 %. In particular, the flow regulating influence of forests at their parentage increase on catchments area displays in summer floods regulation best of all. The mixed high density middle-aged stands with predominance of coniferous species have most optimal flow regulation properties. The forests influence is valuable at the flood-forming precipitation of 70-80 mm and the period without rain before flood duration more then 20 days. During winter floods the forest flow regulating abilities decrease at water storage in snow on the beginning of snow melting is more the 100 mm. During spring snow melting floods it was observed at water storage in snow of more then 40-50 mm.

The rivers catchments are the significant management units of the ecosystem approach of choice of the system, type and method of felling. For this purpose the forestry enterprises structural units positioning with regard to the boundaries of catchments is required.

The obtained in dissertation work results assists to elaborate methods of flow regulating capability of forest ecosystems and foresee prospect of the forest harvesting operations planning with preservation of flow regulating influence of forests. The results of estimation of the forest influence on flood and snow-melt flood discharges should be taken into account in design of the flood protection facilities and flow regulating reservoirs on Beskydy territory.

Key words: percentage of forest land of catchment, flood, snow-melt flood, forest flow regulating influence, water permeability of forest soils, flood flow irregularity index.

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