Export potential of the livestock breeding industry of Ukraine
The goal is to study the export potential of the livestock industry of Ukraine on the basis of available resources and taking into account the productivity of fodder crops and farm animals. In the course of the study, general scientific methods were used.
| Рубрика | Сельское, лесное хозяйство и землепользование |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 04.05.2022 |
| Размер файла | 673,5 K |
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Table 12 Land area for the production of 1 t of livestock products, ha
|
Productivity level |
Milk |
Cattle meat |
Pork |
Lamb with wool and goat meat |
Poultry |
Eggs |
Rabbit meat |
|
|
1 |
0.24 |
3.01 |
0.92 |
3.64 |
0.79 |
0.48 |
2.60 |
|
|
2 |
0.20 |
2.40 |
0.78 |
3.15 |
0.66 |
0.41 |
2.24 |
|
|
3 |
0.18 |
2.09 |
0.68 |
2.78 |
0.58 |
0.36 |
1.98 |
Source: authors' calculations.
The production of 1 t of milk requires from 0.18 to 0.24 ha of land on which fodder crops will be grown (Table 12). This is the lowest rate amongst the studied types of livestock products. Most of the land resources must be allocated in the production of lamb from 2.78 to 3.64 ha per 1 t of production, depending on the level of the yield of fodder crops. The production of beef is also resource-intensive, and for each ton of which it is required from 2.09 to 3.01 ha of agricultural land. The production of 1 t of eggs requires up to 0.5 ha of agricultural land. For the production of 1 t of chicken meat, it is necessary only from 0.36 ha at the third yield level to 0.48 ha, if the first yield level set in the model is reached. This is 4 times less than in the production of lamb and 15 % less than in the production of pork. The production of rabbit meat requires fewer land resources than beef of lamb production, but 2.5 to 3 times more than pork and poultry production. The level of animal productivity and yield are two most important factors that affect the area of crops that need to be involved to provide fodder for livestock production.
Conclusions
To assess the export potential of livestock in Ukraine, the optimization model has been developed, with the help of which the maximum value of export of livestock products is determined, taking into account various technological and market limitations. The modeling results showed that the export potential of Ukraine's agriculture can be scaled up massively by changing the orientation of agricultural production from the crop direction of specialization to livestock one. Since the production of livestock products reaches a higher level of added value than the production of most types of crop products that are exported for further processing to other countries.
Most areas of agricultural land in Ukraine are allocated for the production of cheap plant raw materials, the performance efficiency of which is low. However, if these resources are directed to the cultivation of fodder crops for livestock production, it is possible to achieve much higher indicators of the effectiveness of the distribution of mobilized land resources. For instance, the results of the study showed that 1 ha of agricultural land used to organize the production of milk makes it possible to maximize revenue up to 1540 EUR, pork production - 3390 EUR, poultry - 2800 EUR, eggs - more than 2400 EUR. On the other hand, when growing grain or sunflower for export, the income per unit area of land will be 3 -4 times lower. Thereby, to increase the value of agricultural export, it is necessary to develop those types of products in which it is possible to achieve a higher level of added value, receiving higher income per unit of involved logistical and land resources.
Based on the modeling results, it was calculated that the export potential of livestock breeding in Ukraine may range from 39 to 55.5 bln EUR, depending on the achieved level of fodder supply that is affected by the level of the yield of fodder crops which are proposed to be grown and taking into account various limitations, in particular, such as the minim export price, which allows enterprises to get profitability of sales of at least 10 %, limitations on export diversification, coefficient of price elasticity from changes in the supply of products on the market, limitations on accounting from crop rotation fodder expenses for the production of each of the studied types of livestock products, yield level of the main fodder crops, limitations on meeting the needs of the domestic market of Ukraine for basic food products and others. Accordingly, the modeling results will differ when the set limitations are changed. A promising area of further researches is the development of optimization models in the plant industry that will allow establishing a rational structure of production and product export including various technological, economic, market factors so that to reach a higher level of economic efficiency of the use of agricultural land of Ukraine.
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