Replacement of soybean meal with sunflower one in the diet of broiler chickens and its influence on their growth and development

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

State Poultry Research Station of NAAS

Replacement of soybean meal with sunflower one in the diet of broiler chickens and its influence on their growth and development

Havilei O., Pankova S., Katerynych O., Poliakova L.

20 Tsentralna Str., Borki vill., Zmievsky district, Kharkiv oblast, 63421, Ukraine

Goal. To analyze the influence of replacement of soy with protein sunflower concentrate in the diets for broiler chickens and to evaluate the effect of this ingredient on the growth and development of poultry. Methods. The experiment was conducted on broiler chickens of cross Cobb 500 for fattening from 1-day age to 42-days age. 3 groups of 50 chickens were formed, which were fed with rations where soy components were replaced with protein sunflower concentrate at the levels: 0% (control group), 45% (experimental group 1), and 70% (experimental group 2). Feed consumption and bird death were recorded daily, and the live weight of the bird was monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, the slaughter qualities of broilers were evaluated. Results. The addition of protein sunflower concentrate to the diets of broiler chickens (crude protein level -- 44.4%) did not negatively influence their growth and development, but on the contrary, increased the final live weight by 20.3% (experimental group 2). Replacement of soybeans with this ingredient at the level of 45% (experimental group 1) did not significantly affect feed conversion, live weight dynamics, and slaughter qualities of chickens. Increasing the level of replacement to 70% (experimental group 2) contributed to the improvement of poultry productivity -- the average daily increase in live weight exceeded this index in other groups by 19.4 - 20.9%. The yield of the gutted carcass in the group with 70% soybean substitution for sunflower was 5.5% higher than in the control (without sunflower) and in the experimental group 1 (45% soybean replacement with sunflower) -- 73.1%, against 67.6 - 67.7%. Feed costs per 1 kg of growth in the experimental group 2 were lower by 14.8 - 15.3% (1.61 kg). The meat productivity index for the diet with a 70% replacement of soy with sunflower protein concentrate was 322.5. Conclusions. Taking into account productivity indicators (increase in live weight and intensity of its growth, improved feed conversion, increased gut carcass yield) and technological efficiency of fattening, it is recommended to replace up to 70% of soy components with protein sunflower concentrate in broiler diets.

Key words: poultry feeding, protein sunflower concentrate, live weight, meat productivity index.

The main reserve for reducing the cost of feed, and, accordingly, the cost of livestock products, is the reduction in the cost of the protein component of the diet. An alternative to traditional, expensive poultry feeds can be cheaper, more affordable and nutritious substitutes - agricultural by-products. Recently, the world began to use sunflower processing products as an alternative source of protein in poultry diets and replace soybean meal with them [1].

Sunflower processing products, which are produced in sufficient quantities in all climatic zones of Ukraine, are the largest source of feed protein. According to physiological experiments, it was found that for broiler chickens the energy value of this product ranged from 218.5 - 284.2 kcal / 100 g [2]. Unfortunately, a number of factors, namely: insufficient complete protein, significant excess of fiber, low content of some essential amino acids, in particular lysine, the ability to accumulate chlorogenic acid, limit the use of sunflower in animal feeding [3].

At the same time, the main and decisive factor in the use of sunflower processing products in animal husbandry is the reasonable price of oilseed feed protein. In addition, technologies for enrichment of sunflower meal have been developed, which allow increasing the protein level to 40 - 44%, and reducing the fiber level to 8 - 10%. With such a dramatic improvement in nutritional value, the cost of the supplement will increase by only 20 - 40% [4].

One of the leading producers of sunflower meal in Ukraine - the Potoki oil extraction plant (Dnipro), using modern technology for additional mechanical processing of this product, produces high-protein sunflower concentrate, which significantly differs from the original meal in terms of protein and energy nutritional value (the manufacturer declared the level of crude protein - 44.4%, metabolizable energy - 228 kcal/100 g).

Taking this into account, sunflower protein is now considered all over the world as the main means of enriching the diet of pigs, livestock, and poultry with crude protein [5 - 7]. However, there is still no consensus on the levels of addition of these products to poultry feed.

In laying hens receiving feed, where the level of sunflower meal was 20%, there was no significant effect on egg production, egg weight and quality, as well as the antioxidant status of poultry, but feed consumption decreased. Therefore, the authors suggest that partial or complete replacement of soybean meal with this product will reduce production costs. Moreover, feeding the laying hens with feed with the addition of sunflower reduces the cholesterol content in the yolk of eggs [8].

At the same time, studies on turkeys during rearing for meat indicate that the presence of sunflower meal at the level of 7% in the diets did not have a negative effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients, the physiological state of the bird and its live weight. A twofold and threefold increase in the concentration of this product led to a decrease in the live weight of turkeys at the age of 8 weeks by 4 and 6%, respectively [9].

In experiments on waterfowl [10], it was recorded that live weight, feed conversion, as well as egg production of geese and ducks did not change significantly even with 100% replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal, but subject to the addition of synthetic amino acids and energy supplements.

Most studies on broilers indicate that sunflower meal may well be an alternative to soy in poultry diets, since it does not negatively affect their performance and physiological state. In the experiments of Sangsoponjit et al. [11] the addition of sunflower meal to feed at the level of 4%, 8% and 12% did not affect live weight, feed consumption and its conversion and broiler safety. The same applies to carcass yield and abdominal fat. The best European Broiler Efficiency Index was obtained for the addition of 8% sunflower meal to the diet.

The research results Alagawany et al. [12] show that sunflower meal can be advantageously used up to 20% instead of soybean meal without significantly affecting the growth rate of broiler chickens, their consumption of feed and its conversion.

In other studies, when assessing the effect of replacing soybean meal with sunflower at the level of 25%, 50, 75% on the growth rates of broilers, their meat quality and their absorption of nutrients, it was found that increasing the level of substitution up to 50% also increased the live weight of chickens. There was also an improvement in feed conversion in the groups receiving the diet with 25 and 50% substitution of soybeans for sunflower compared to the control. The authors recommend the use of up to 50% sunflower meal in the diets of broilers aged 7 - 42 days without the use of additional enzymes [13].

Waititu et al. [14] also found that high-protein sunflower meal can be substituted for up to 50% of soybean meal in broiler chickens' diets without deteriorating growth performance in both the initial and final phases. When replacing 75% of the soybeans, the authors believe that adding enzymes is beneficial; this may alleviate the growth depression associated with feeding.

In a similar experiment, raising the level of sunflower meal in the diets to 50% instead of soybean meal improved the growth performance of broilers. An even higher level of sunflower (75%) improved nutrient absorption but negatively affected growth performance and feed utilization in birds [15]. So, there is no unanimous judgment regarding the levels of sunflower-soy substitution in broiler feed.

Therefore, our research was aimed at analyzing the possible levels of replacement of soybean meal in broiler chicken diets with protein sunflower concentrate without compromising the productivity and safety of the poultry.

The goal of the study was to determine the effect of protein sunflower concentrate on the growth and development of broiler chickens at different levels of its feeding in the feed.

Materials and research methods. The study was conducted at the experimental farm "Conservation of the gene pool of domestic birds" State Poultry Research Station HAAH on broiler chickens Cobb 500. From day-old birds 3 randomized groups of 50 birds each were formed (table. 1).

Table 1. Scheme of the experiment on feeding the protein sunflower concentrate to broiler chickens

One of the groups was the control group (C), in which the chickens received feed based on soybean meal and meal without the addition of sunflower, the other 2 - experimental groups (E1 and E2), in which the chickens were fed food with different levels of replacement of soy components with protein sunflower concentrate produced Potoki Ltd. Therefore, 3 experimental diets were formed, which included protein sunflower concentrate as a substitute for soy components at the levels of 0%, 45 and 70%. Experimental diets were isoenergetic and isoprotein, balanced in all nutrients, free of feed antibiotics and other growth stimulants and depended on the phase of development of the birds (Table 2). With an increase in the amount of sunflower concentrate in the diet, lysine was additionally introduced, which is not enough in this product.

Table 2. Ingredients and nutritional value of experimental diets for broiler chickens according to age