Trophological component in evaluating the capacity implementation of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae biological mass
Study of biotechnology and veterinary issues related to dipterology. The optimization with modification of systems using a number of technologies of feeding, rearing and processing of black soldier fly larvae in pig farming and their application.
| Рубрика | Сельское, лесное хозяйство и землепользование |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 28.05.2023 |
| Размер файла | 475,4 K |
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Trophological component in evaluating the capacity implementation of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae biological mass
R.F. Kapustin
V.D. Temnyy
Abstract
A review of literature is made and issues of biotechnology and veterinary medicine are considered which are related to dipterology, as well as the possibilities of optimization followed by modification of systems for the use of a number of technologies for feeding, rearing and deep processing of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) fly larvae in pig farming and their application providing for a separate step in diet formulation. A system analysis of potential sources and possible analogues in rebuilding protein potential at the current level of technology development has revealed the possibility of using the potential of previously economically unclaimed technologies of the protein component.
A common disadvantage of known fodder additives is the lack of optimal doses of microelements due to the low content of vital trace elements in plants, soil and water. There are also feeds for animal husbandry which contain components derived from plants or animals including meat scrap and wastes of grain mill production, as well as containing barley, wheat and premix. They are of a certain nutritional value and good digestibility, but are characterized by a high cost; furthermore, their protein and mineral composition is insufficiently balanced. The objective of such studies is to enhance the performance and viability of livestock of animals and poultry, reduce feed efficiency ratio, and improve product quality. The novelty of the proposed fodder additives is that in order to increase the performance and viability of livestock, reduce the feed cost for gain and improve the quality of products, along with other components, parts of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) fly larvae biomass subjected to a number of impacts are introduced into their composition. The conducted monitoring of algorithm modifications for the technologies of feeding, rearing in pig farming showed the possibility of testing the algorithm stated below for the method of studying the dietary factor (including protein based on the black soldier (Hermetia illucens). The studies were carried out on the basis of the scientific project «Creation of high-tech large-scale production of animal protein from fly larvae» under Contract №03/09 of 03.09.2019 under Agreement №075-11-2019-070 of 29.11.2019 (unique number 07519SU2000000).
Keywords: black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), animal feeding
Main part
Introduction: A system analysis of potential sources and possible analogues in rebuilding protein potential at the current level of technology development has revealed the possibility of using the potential of previously economically unclaimed technologies of the protein component, including black soldier (Hermetia illucens) fly larvae biomass subjected to a number of impacts [1-32].
Author's research: The high weight gain of animals in the experimental groups is confirmed by a higher content of vitamins and minerals in organs and tissues [23]. Attention is drawn to the mineral polyfunctional gastrointestinal adsorbent based on natural silicon-containing mineral raw materials, characterized by comprising shungite-containing mineral raw materials with a silicon dioxide content of 15-70 wt.% as natural silicon-containing mineral raw materials [27]. In addition, a sorbent is known based on silica-containing mineral raw materials comprising sedimentary opal - cristobalite rock which includes not more than 15 wt.% clay minerals of the montmorillonite group and not more than 10 wt.% minerals of the mica group [25]. To remove mycotoxins from food and feed raw materials, the Fungistat biopreparation may be used, the components of which, according to the authors, affect mycotoxin disposal in the animal or human body, enable to maximally secure the intake of contaminated raw materials, and neutralize the harmful effects of mycotoxins. Also, the Mycosorb drug from Alltech is known. It is stated that yeast cell wall and mineral clay, acting in synergy, provide optimal binding of mycotoxins [26]. Along with them, the Pectosorbin drug is well suitable for the prevention and treatment of young stock gastrointestinal diseases; it contains pectin (40-90% of the drug dry weight) and a lignin complex (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, monosaccharides - 10-60%) [22].
Attention is drawn to the methods of feeding pigs that affect the process of body weight gain [3, 6, 19, 23]. Suppose that fodder contains barley, wheat, premix P 51-1, wheat bran, an additive containing hydrolyzed millet husk and meat and bone meal at a ratio of 1.5:6.5, salt. The resulting feed has balanced protein and mineral composition and its cost is lower than that of the others. Such fodder reduces fattening time, increases weight gain, and accelerates animal growth. There are also feeds for animal husbandry which contain components derived from plants or animals including meat scrap and wastes of grain mill production, as well as containing barley, wheat and premix. They are of a certain nutritional value and good digestibility, but are characterized by a high cost; furthermore, their protein and mineral composition is insufficiently balanced.
The protein and mineral composition of the proposed fodder is balanced. At the same time, the fodder cost is much lower than that of the known. It reduces fattening time, increases weight gain, and accelerates animal growth. The fodder for pigs contains the following components, wt.%: barley 44-45.8, wheat 27.0-30.5, P 51-1 premix 1.0-2.0, wheat bran 11-15.0, an additive containing hydrolyzed millet husk and meat and bone meal at a ratio of 1.5:6.5 10-15 and table salt - the rest.
The fodder is prepared by mixing the components. An additive containing hydrolyzed millet flour and meat and bone meal is obtained as a result of component preparation; millet husk is subjected to water hydrolysis in a vacuum boiler for 5-6 hours at a pressure of not more than 1.5 MPa, and meat and bone meal is defatted [29].
Fig. 1. Fodder composition and nutritional value [29]
Fig. 2. Results of feeding animals with the proposed fodder [29]
A method is known that comprises mixing 1 part by weight of biomass larvae Hermetia illucens, grown on wheat grain and pre-washed with tap water, with a protein content in the biomass at leas36 wt.%, with 1 part by mass of probiotic crude product of solid phase fermentation strain Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 (VKPM (RNCIM) - Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) on a sterile medium. Latter is a beet pulp impregnated with nutrient medium containing molasses, potassium phosphate dibasic, magnesium sulfate, yeast autolysate and water to a moisture content of not more than 35%. The resulting mixture is homogenized to a particle size of 1-2 mm and a combination process is performed by solid-phase fermentation-drying at a temperature of a heating agent not higher than 55°C until the final moisture content is not more than 10 wt.%, the number of viable cells Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 is at least 107 CFU/g. Implementation of the invention provides increased performance and viability of livestock of animals and poultry, animal zootechnical performance by increasing the digestibility of forage, stimulation of metabolic and immune processes.
A method for preparing a fodder additive for piglets is also discussed. According to it, distiller dried grain is enriched with the Probiocel probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis 8130 in the amount of at least 2.5*107 CFU per 1 g of grain. The Probiocel probiotic is intended as a preparation for normalizing the gastrointestinal tract microbiocenosis activity, increasing the digestibility of dietary fiber, and stimulating the body's metabolism [25]. Flies (Diptera Muscidae) are known to produce fodder protein. The resulting larval mass is used in natural or dried form. The flour obtained after drying the larvae contains 48-52% protein and up to 27% fat. The dry larval biomass added to compound feed had a positive effect on chick performance [30]. Scientific studies conducted in different countries on fish, piglets, chicks show the possibility and justification of using the flour of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) fly larvae in their diet. Hermetia illucens larvae contain ~40% protein and ~30% fat (when developing on some substrates, the fat content in larvae exceeds 45%, they are enriched with calcium, phosphorus, and iron).
It has been established that preparations with an enzyme-probiotic (DBA «Ferm-KM») effect included into the composition of complete compound feeds for growing-finishing pigs provides an increase in the average daily gain of piglet live weight, respectively, by 8.4% (p<0.05) compared with control animals. Against this background, in experimental groups («Ferm-KM»), the best feed - conversion efficiency was noted. Their metabolic energy and concentrated feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain were lower, respectively, by 5.2 and 5.1% compared to control animals. The viability of store pigs receiving compound feed enriched with the enzyme-probiotic preparation was 96.0, which is 1.3 higher than the control ones. Thus, the development of a method for producing a biologically active fodder additive for farm animals and poultry comprising the biomass of Hermetia illucens fly larvae immobilized on beet pulp fermented with the Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 probiotic is being discussed. The technical result of the implementation is to increase the performance and viability of livestock of animals and poultry, animal zootechnical performance by increasing the digestibility of forage, stimulation of metabolic and immune processes.
The biologically active fodder additive for farm animals and poultry with probiotic and insect protein is prepared as follows. Crude probiotic product - an intermediate product to obtain the final one with insect protein is prepared in several stages. A stage of preparing a probiotic base. To obtain a probiotic base, the strain of Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 is screened from the museum culture onto the meat-and-peptone agar slant. It is prepared and sterilized by autoclaving atm 0.5 at 100 ml of culture medium [30]. A rinse test is made by wiping the culture off the slant into a flask with a prepared sterile nutrient medium, and the Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130 strain is deeply cultured in a microbiological shaking bath at 190 rpm for 18-24 h at a temperature of 37°C.
Fig.3. Mice body weight based on the experimental diet [30]
biotechnology veterinary dipterology pig
Fig. 4. Algorithm for study of metabolism in evaluating the potential of the possible use of protein derived from animals (including cultivation and deep processing of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) fly larvae) [15]
The conducted monitoring of algorithm modifications for technologies of feeding, rearing in pig farming showed the possibility of testing the method of studying the dietary factor stated below (including protein based on the black soldier (Hermetia illucens).
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