Influence of microelement fertilizers on weight change 1000 pcs. Seeds when feeding cotton leaf

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Influence of microelement fertilizers on weight change 1000 pcs. Seeds when feeding cotton leaf

Fergana State University, Uzbekistan

Summary

cotton microfertilizer kaflon

The significance of the change in the mass of 1000 seeds was studied due to the use of the Caflon microfertilizer, which is used to feed the plant from the leaves when caring for cotton. Keywords: fertilizers, nutrition, cotton, harvest, industries, option, experiment, microelement.

Relevance of the topic

Cotton growing is one of the important branches of agriculture in our republic. A lot of scientific and practical work has been done in growing cotton, but more attention needs to be paid to the yield and quality of cotton, increasing soil fertility, determining the rate and duration of mineral fertilizer application, and proper organization of irrigation duration. and standards, rational use of organic fertilizers, microfertilizers for cotton. Timely implementation of agrotechnical measures is required aimed at increasing the mass of cotton by 1 000 seeds by fertilizing in moderate quantities and on time, using physiologically active substances, in accordance with natural climatic conditions.

Level of knowledge of the topic. B.Kh.Tillabekov, N.Orazmatov [4] Sh.Abdualimov [2] and others conducted scientific research on foliar feeding (suspension) of cotton when growing high and high-quality cotton crops, mainly using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizers. When foliar feeding cotton, a suspension was prepared and the optimal timing and norms for plant treatment were determined.

It is known that cotton grows very slowly before the heading phase. It develops very slowly, especially during the formation of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth chin leaves. In addition, it is resistant to various diseases and pests, and is more susceptible to aphids and thrips. At this time, the plant is very demanding of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. If during this period you feed the plant with dissolved (suspensions) NPK fertilizers through the leaves, this will have a positive effect on the further development of the plant, accelerating harvesting and increasing the overall yield. Similar conclusions have been proven as a result of many years of scientific research (Tillabekov B., Orazmatov N. [4, 6, 7]).

Even in developed countries, when growing cotton, the plant is fed with readymade liquid fertilizers (Davronov K., Tokhtashev F. [6]).

Our studies examined the timing and application rates of the new Kafalon microfertilizer for foliar feeding of cotton.

Currently, it is necessary to study the production of new liquid microfertilizers by chemists and determine the norms and timing of their use when growing cotton based on the results of stationary field experiments and laboratory analyzes. Therefore, we set ourselves the goal of studying the effect of the newly produced multi-element fertilizer Kafalon on the growth, development, mass and quality of plants in the conditions of our Republic.

Research methods

Scientific research was carried out at the Department of Cultivation, Storage and Primary Processing of Agricultural Products of the Fergana Polytechnic Institute and at the Fergana Scientific Experimental Station PGUEAITI in 2020-2022 based on experiments in laboratory and field conditions. Observations and laboratory analyzes in the experiments were carried out on the basis of the “Methodological manual of UzPITI” [1].

"Kafalon"-- liquid microfertilizer, complex microfertilizer containing a high level of phosphorus. It is used in the initial phase of plant growth, the formation of generative organs, flowering, and in general, when phosphorus deficiency is observed during all periods.

Advantages:

- At the initial stage, it provides plants with easily digestible phosphorus compounds.

- Develops the root system and improves nutrient absorption.

- Phosphorus is more effective under conditions that limit root uptake (low temperature, high soil pH, etc.).

- Due to the composition of macro-, meso- and microelements, it satisfies the need of plants for mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus. Increases frost resistance of winter crops.

In this research work, for the first time, the use of microfertilizer (Kafalon) was studied at the stage of formation of 3-4 feathers of cotton seedlings, tillering and flowering, as well as the rates and timing of fertilizer application.

In 2021, on an experimental plot of cotton variety S-8290, the effectiveness of applying Kafalon microfertilizer was studied in the 3-4 periods of cotton processing, tillering, flowering and fruiting. In the experiment, the control (untreated) option was compared with the currently recommended option (Kafalon), treated with a suspension at the rate of 2.0 l/ha.

Field experiments were carried out on the basis of agrotechnical measures adopted in the experimental farm of the Fergana Scientific Experimental Station PGUEAITI. In the experiment, phenological observations and laboratory analyzes were carried out according to the options. After sowing and at the end of the growing season, the thickness of cotton seedlings in the field was determined. Phenological and biometric observations were carried out on the height of the cotton plant, the number of bolls, comb, flower, boll, the number of opened cotton plants and the location of shedding bolls.

Also, based on laboratory analysis, parameters such as leaf surface, dry weight, photosynthetic productivity, cotton yield, and plant fiber quality were studied.

In the experimental field, cotton was weeded once at the beginning of the growing season, weeded twice, between rows 4 times, watered 3 times, fed 3 times, the seedlings were treated with Kafalon microfertilizer 2 times and 3-4 pine leaves were given during the carding, flowering and fruiting periods .Treatment was carried out at the rate of l/ha.

Research results

When growing cotton, it was found that feeding the plant with microfertilizers from leaves has a positive effect on the growth and development of the plant according to the studied options.

In the experiment, the scientific data obtained on the change in the mass and oiliness of 1000 cotton seeds against the background of mineral fertilizer standards, under the influence of microelements and NPK fertilizers and Kafolon are presented in Table 1.

When analyzing the data obtained in this regard, it was noticed that the weight of seeds and oiliness depend on the location of the bolls on the cotton bush, and it was also found that samples of 3rd grade cotton have relatively high values. harvest period, and then decrease towards the 6th and 9th.

Thus, under the conditions of 2021, in the control variant, in which mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of H130, P90, K65 kg/ha, the average weight of 1000 seeds in a sample taken from the 1st place of the 3rd harvest was 103.1 g, 110.7 gr. 108.1 gr. and in the 9th harvest of the king (1 st place) it was 90.5 g, the fertility of these seeds is proportional to 18.0; 17.1 and 12.1% were observed, with an average of 15.7%.

It is worth noting that as the mass of all 1000 seed seeds increases (regardless of their location on the cotton bush), an increase in the oil content in them is found.

Against the I-background of mineral fertilizers, microelements in liquid form were applied in the form of a suspension throughout the cotton 3 times (150+200+250 ml/ha); in the 2nd option, the weight of 1 000 seeds was 113.2, which is proportional to the yield. ; 110.5 and 92.0 g, an average of 105.2 g, and their moisture content is 18.3; 17.2 and 12.8%, and the average was 16.0%. These

indicators are 2.5 times higher than the control (seed weight); 2.4 and 1.5 g, on average 2.1 g, ha (fat content) 0.3; 0.1 and 0.7% were above the average by 0.3%.These differences indicate that due to the influence of microelements in the liquid state, the leaf surface area increased, resulting in an improvement in the process of photosynthesis and the creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of cotton. In option 3, where liquid NPK and microelements were applied in the form of a suspension through cotton leaves 3 times (3.0 + 3.5 + 4.0 l/ha), the indicated indicators were proportionally 115.4; 110.2 and 107.0 and an average of 110.8 g and 18.4; 17.8 and 13.2% with an average of 16.5%, 4.7 from control; 2.1 and 16.5 g. on average 7.7 g. and 0.4; 0.7 and 0.1 turned out to be overestimated by an average of 0.8%. These figures are 0.1 more than those of the 2nd option (weight); 0.6; It was observed that 0.4% is higher than the average of 0.5%. When applying the complex of microelements contained in kafolon in the form of a suspension 4 times (2.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 l/ha) (4 options), the weight of 1000 seeds is 114.5 proportions to the yield; 109.4 and 106.5 g, average 110.3, from control 3.8; 1.1 and 16.0 were higher by an average of 7.2 g, the amount of oil contained in these seeds was 1.1; 0.5 and 0.9% were 0.6% higher than the average. Although the indicators of this option (4) are higher than the control, the amount of oil in the seeds is 0.2 due to the use of NPK and microelements; 0.2 and 0.2% were on average 0.2% less.

With an increase in the rates of mineral fertilizers from N130 P90 K65 kg/ha to N180 P125 K90 kg/ha, a relative improvement in the weight and oil content of seeds was noted; in the control (option 5) the weight of 1 000 seeds increased. 111.2; 1 09.1 and 93.2 g ni, an average of 109.5 g ni, and fat content - 18.4; 17.6 and 15.8%, with an average of 17.2%, where the last 4 digits were 0.4 proportional to the control on background I; 0.5 and 3.7% were higher than the average of 1.5%. We emphasize that these additions occurred due to excessive application of mineral fertilizers at the rates of N50 P35 K25 kg/ha.

In the variant with the addition of liquid microelements in the form of a suspension 3 times (150+200+250 ml/ha) from cotton leaves, the weight of 1000 seeds was 113.8 proportional to the yield; 1 09.2 and 1 07.4 g, average 110.1 g, fat content 19.1; 17.8 and 16.0%, an average of 17.8%, and the average weight of 1 000 control seeds in 3 harvesting kings is 0.6g. It is noted that the oil content improved by an average of 0.6%. However, these figures are proportionally 4.9 g higher than those of the parallel (2) variant on the I-background. and 1.8% higher.

1-TableWeight of 1000 seeds of foliar feeding of microfertilizers on cotton and impact on fertility, 2021

In the experiment, relatively acceptable data were obtained when applying fertilizers on the same (II) background as liquid NPK, and microelements in the form of a suspension 3 times (3.0+3.5+4.0 l/ha) from cotton leaf 6 ; 111.2 and 1 07.8 g ha, on average 111.5 g ni, and fat content - 19.8; 18.0 and 16.5% are equal on average to 18.1%, which is 2.0 g and 0.9% higher than the control, and 1.4 g compared to option 6. and 0.3%, and by 0.7 g from the parallel option (3) against the background of II. and it was analyzed that it was higher by 1.6%.

It should be noted that, according to the biological characteristics of most cotton varieties, as the seed weight increases, the fiber yield decreases, and, conversely, the fiber yield increases if the seed weight is smaller.

Summary

The experiment established that changes in the mass of cotton bolls depend on climatic conditions, biological characteristics of the variety, applied agrotechnical measures and, finally, on which tier of the plant bush the samples were taken from. Despite this, an acceptable effect is observed on the change in the weight of 1000 cotton seeds against the background of H180, P125, K90 kg/ha when a mixture of NPK and microelements is introduced through the leaves.

References

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[3] Sh. Abdualimov, K. Davronov, Y. Soriev, Sh. Karimov, F. Abdullaev. Effect of the drug Gumimax on cotton // AGRO ILM. Scientific supplement of the Journal of Agriculture of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2010. - No. 2 (14). -B. 17-18.

[4] Tillabekov B.Kh., Orazmatov N., Siddikova D., Karimov Sh., Nurmatov A., Khaitboev H. Efficiency of foliar application of mineral fertilizer suspensions to cotton varieties. Current problems of cotton growing. Tashkent. 2009 336-308 p.

[5] Davronov, K. (2022). SUYUK AZOTLI OGITLAR MEYORLARI VA SUSPENSION KOLLASHNING BUTTERMILK GOSILIGA TAYSIRI. Models and methods in modern science, 1(18), 29-31.

[6] Davronov, K., & Tukhtashev, F. (2022). GOZANI RIVOZHLANISH DAVRLARIDA BARGIDAN OZIKLANTIRISHNING BARG SONI, ORLIGI VA YUZASIGA TAYSIRI. Academic Research in Modern Science, 1(19), 316-319.

[7] K Davronov, N Teshaboev. (2023). MICROELEMENTS OGITLARNI OSIMLIKNI BARGY ORKALI KOLLASHNING GOZANI 1000 DONA CHIGIT VAZNI HAMDA BIR KOSAKDAGI PAMMIT VAZNI NING OZGARISHIGA TAYSIRI. Science and innovation, 1811-1815

[8] K Davronov, N Teshaboev (2023). THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRO ELEMENT FERTILIZERS ON COTTON FLOWERING DYNAMICS IN COTTON CULTIVATION. Science and innovation, 193-196

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