Bibliometrical analysis of neurophysiological aspects of action of non-ionized radiation trough internet
Historical aspects of electromagnetic biology. General data on the number of papers carried out with non-ionized radiation in different neurophysiological objects and the comparison of quantitative indices. Example of the comparison of sampling fractions.
| Рубрика | Биология и естествознание |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 02.08.2013 |
| Размер файла | 12,9 K |
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BIBLIOMETRICAL ANALYSIS OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACTION OF NON-IONIZED RADIATION TROUGH INTERNET
Chizhenkova R.A., Safroshkina A.A., Chizhenkov V.Yu.
Interest in biological effects of electromagnetic (EMF), magnetic (MF), and electrical (EF) fields has existed for many centuries and even thousand years. In the XX-th century Russian researches (including the author of the present work) made essential contribution to development of this problem. Historical aspects of electromagnetic biology are elucidated in a number of monographs. However in these scientific publications only single quantitative characteristics of publications on the indicated trend take place. Towards middle of the seventies years of XX-th century more 3 thousand publications on biological effects of EMF and about 2 thousand publications on biological effects of MF were accumulated [3]. 20 years later the number of publications concerned electromagnetic biology is believed to reach 10 thousand [1, 4].
Bibliometrical investigation of published material on electromagnetic biology was not carried out up to now. The present work is devoted just to this problem. Preliminary results on the present trend partly were presented in our another papers [1, 2].
Information accumulated in world on electromagnetic biology during 35-year period in the later half of the XX century was considered. The state of investigations of biological effects of EMF, MF and EF was analyzed on the base of the database "Medline" accessible through Internet. Quantitative characteristics of publications on the present problem were obtained according to chosen key words. Bibliometrical data concerned investigations performed in neurophysiological objects (the brain, the cortex, neurons, nerves) with application of non-ionized radiation (EMF, MF and EF). Moreover especially biological effects of microwaves (MW) were selected because this factor was the center of attention of researches in the middle of the XXth century.
It was found, that the number of neurophysiological papers reached 1401300 in 35-yaers period from 1965 till 2000. In addition the numbers of papers carried out in the brain, the cortex, neurons, nerves were 705259, 180602, 237160, 278279 correspondingly. The number of papers with application of non-ionized radiation was 21606, including papers with employment of EMF (6001), MW (6920), MF (5316) and EF (3369).
Materials concerned investigations in different neurophysiological objects under action of these physical factors were considered. Received information is presented in tables 1 and 2.
electromagnetic biology radiation neurophysiologic
Table 1 - General data on the number of papers carried out with non-ionized radiation in different neurophysiological objects
|
Objects |
Characteristics of totalities |
||
|
Total number of papers in 35 years |
Sampling fraction (%) |
||
|
1 |
3188 |
53.71 |
|
|
2 |
1032 |
17.39 |
|
|
3 |
770 |
12.97 |
|
|
4 |
945 |
15.96 |
|
|
5 |
5935 |
100.00 |
Application: 1 - the brain, 2 - the cortex, 3 - neurons, 4 - nerves, 5- sum
General quantitative data on the numbers of investigations carried out in different neurophysiological objects with employment of non-ionized radiation are presented in table
This table performs what investigations made on the whole brain predominate. The indicated fact is explained by increased interest of specialists of applied sciences to this neurophysiological object for investigation of biological effects of non-ionized radiation. Moreover methodical complexity of investigations on neuronal level serves restrictives circumstance.
Table 2 - Comparison of quantitative indices of papers carried out with non-ionized radiation in different neurophysiological objects
|
Objects |
Comparison of sampling fractions (U) |
|
|
1 с 2 |
42.70 |
|
|
1 с 3 |
49.40 |
|
|
1 с 4 |
47.77 |
|
|
2 с 3 |
6.69 |
|
|
2 с 4 |
2.07 |
|
|
3 с 4 |
4.63 |
Application: statistically significant distinctions between distributions are underlined (U>1.96 corresponds to p<0.05, U>2.58 corresponds to p<0.01); 1 - the brain, 2 - the cortex, 3 - neurons, 4 - nerves.
Mathematical comparison of the numbers of papers carried out in brain, the cortex, neurons, and nerves during 35-years period is presented in table 2. Significant distinctions between analyzed consequences exist, which is shown with the aid of the comparison of two selective sampling fractions of variants.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the number of papers on biological effects of non-ionized radiation is too big. But among them papers carried out in neurophysiological objects is little. The case of this fact is the prevalence of study in sphere of applied aspects of the problem - dosimetrical, hygienic, therapeutic [2].
On the whole fundamental investigations of activity of the brain are played no enough attention to. However, in the future they will hold a leading position in solution of the problem of biological action of these factors, since they will make it possible to uncover genesis and patterns of reactions of organism. In addition, the greatest importance will belong to investigations on neuronal level [1, 2].
Investigations supported by the Grant of Russian Foundation of Fundamental Investigations No. 00-04-48139.
REFERECES
1. Chizhenkova R.A. Neuronal activity under microwave exposure. In: Electromagnetic fields: biological effects and hygienic standardization. Eds.: M.H. Repacholi, N.B. Rubtsova, and A.M. Muc. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999, pp. 389-395.
2. Chizhenkova R.A., Safroshkina A.A., Slashcheva N.A., Chernukhin V.Yu. Bibliometrical analysis of neurophysiological aspects of action of non-ionized radiation. Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii, 2004, v. 124, No. 5, pp. 472-479.
3. Kholodov Yu.A. Reactions of nervous system on electromagnetic fields. Moscow: Nauka, 1975. 207 p.
4. Merkulova L.M., Kholodov Yu.A. Reactions of excitable tissues of organism on pulsed magnetic fields. Cheboksary: Universitet, 1996. 174 p.
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