Mechanical characteristic of muscle, connective tissue, bone and bone connection
The studying characteristic of muscle, connective tissue and bone connection. Consideration of the structural features of the human body. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles. The relationship between stress and strain bone. Fuctions of connective tissues.
| Рубрика | Биология и естествознание |
| Вид | реферат |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 19.10.2014 |
| Размер файла | 13,9 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/
Mechanical characteristic of muscle, connective tissue, bone and bone connection
Mechanical characteristics
The word "mechanical" usually refers to a machine. By definition mechanical properties in science is: "Characteristics that indicate the elastic or inelastic behavior of a material under pressure (force) , such as bending, brittleness, elongation , hardness and tensile strength. "
The human body itself can be viewed metaphorically as a working machine. The every day activities that surrounds our life requires more energy and physics that we would ever think so. Just by taking one step we use about 200 muscles, which requires a great amount of energy. Without even thinking about it our muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons and even cells are under constant movement and cellular activity.So why is it that if we fall on the ground we don't usually break our bone, and what keeps the human body from protecting itself from the environment, and what are some basic physics behind all this anatomy?
Connective tissues
There re four main types of tissues found in our body : Epithelial , Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissue. Connective tissue is a fibrous tissue and it is the most common type of tissue that can be found throughout our whole body. The production of connective tissue is controlled by fibroblasts which are immature fiber producing cells. Connective tissue has 3 main components: Fibers, cells and extracellular matrix.
Fuctions of connective tissues
Energy storage, organ protection, it provides a framework for the body , it connects body tissues to eachother, and more specifically it connects epithelial tissues to muscle tissues. There are more than one type of Connective tissue : adipose tissue, cartilage, bone and blood , and not all connective tissues are fibrous ( ex. adipose and blood). There are also different types of fibers: collagenous fibers, Elastic fibers and reticular fibers.
The properties of elastic fibers are important because they allow the tissues to strech and recoil which is important for our movement. GAG's (glycosaminoglycans) are also an important type of connective tissue because it resists compression by retaining water. A good explain to picture this , is if u have a bottle of water that it capped, when stepping on it will resist compression and obtain its original shape.
Bone muscle bone connective tissue
Is a rigid organ that is the framework of our body. They support our organs as well as producting red and white blood cells. Bone is a type of connective tissue. There are more tissues however that can be found within bone tissues such as edosteum , periosteum , bone marrow, cartilage, nerves and blood vessels.
There are 3 main types of bone functions: mechanical, synthetic and metabolic. We are going to focus on the mechanical function. There are 4 of them : 1. Protection ( protecting organs, such as skull protecting the brain , or the ribs protecting lungs) 2. Structure ( bones create a frame to support our body ) 3. Movement ( together with ligaments , tendons, joints and skeletal muscles, movement of our body is created. ) and 4. Sound transduction ( bones are important in the mechanical aspect of overshadowed hearing)
Mechanical Properties
The bone has a high compressive strength = 170 MPa
However a low tensile strength = 104-121 MPa
And an even lower shear stress strenght = 51.6 MPa
Bone Connection
Bone connection is ligaments that connect bones to bones. It plays an important role musculoskeletal biomechanics.
Characteristics:
Viscoelasticity
The relationship between stress and strain is not constant but depends on the time of displacement or load.
Two forms of it:
1. Creep is increasing deformation under constand load.
2. Stress relaxation - the stress will be reduced or will relax under a constant deformation.
To represent the nonlinear elastic behaviour of ligaments, Weiss came up with a formula which is the strain energy function: W = F1 ( I1,I2) + F2 ( vI4) + F3 ( I1,I2,vI4)
Muscles
There are 3 main types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles.
Mechanical Properties
Short muscle is able to shorten and generate force. This relationship is a force- velocity relationship. The amount of force that the smooth muscle can generate depends of the muscle lenght. The muscle develops greater force when its elongated ( due to connective tissue structures) A muscle develops less force when it is short. ( because of it constractile structures contribute little active force)
Overall there is a formula which can be useful regarding the muscles. the formula of young's modules can give us a general formula used to calculate the elasticity by dividing the tensile stress by the tensile strain which than equals to F/ A0 over delta L/ L0.
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
Skeletal system: protection of internal organs, movement in union with muscles, storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) and lipids. Axial, appendicular skeleton. Surface anatomy of the bone. Structure/function of joints, muscle and ligament attachments.
презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 10.03.2013Foot distal extremity man is a set, which is in contact with the ground and serves as a support when moving. The main function of the foot of man. Basic types of muscles of the foot. The rear, medial, lateral and middle groups of muscles of the foot.
презентация [3,1 M], добавлен 14.04.2015Path of blood through the heart. The cardiac cycle. Cardiac Output. The Heartbeat. Intrinsic Control of Heartbeat. Conduction system of the heart. Extrinsic Control of Heartbeat. The Electrocardiogram. The cross-sectional area of arteries and arterioles.
презентация [355,7 K], добавлен 27.10.2013Induction of stress adaptive response: practical considerations. Detecting and quantifying stress response. Perspectives and areas for future work. Mechanisms of microorganism adaptation to stress factors: heat, cold, acid, osmotic pressure and so on.
курсовая работа [313,2 K], добавлен 18.11.2014Studying of a structure of a digestive path of the person. Organs that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps in the digestion. Structures in the mouth that aids digestion, anatomy of the Mouth and Throat. Features of the mechanism of swallowing.
презентация [3,6 M], добавлен 24.04.2012This method is based on the growth of the strain of halophilic bacteria Halobacterium halobium on a synthetic medium containing 2H-labeled aromatic ammo acids and fractionation of solubilized protein by methanol, including purification of carotenoids.
статья [2,0 M], добавлен 23.10.2006Hormones as organic substances, produced in small amounts by specific tissues (endocrine glands), secreted into the blood stream to control the metabolic and biological activities. Classification of hormones. The pro-opiomelanocortin peptide family.
презентация [1,2 M], добавлен 21.11.2012The cardiovascular system comprises of the heart, blood and lymphatic system. The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. Three main functions of the blood: transport, regulation, and protection. The protective role of lymphatic system.
презентация [430,1 K], добавлен 02.04.2012The skull is the bony section of the head. The structure of the tooth, coracohumeral ligament, the ribs, sternum, clavicle, scapula, humerus, capsule of the shoulder joint, ulna, metacarpal, pelvis (or Os Coxa), pubic symphysis, bursae of the shoulder.
презентация [587,1 K], добавлен 11.04.2013Animal physiology as a branch of the biological sciences life processes, bodily functions and behavior of animals. The history of physiology, its purpose, the main sections, concepts and relationship with other sciences. Basic life processes of animals.
презентация [1,4 M], добавлен 22.12.2014Study of method of determining the amount of osteocyte lacunar and estimation of specific numerical closeness of lacunes by a three-dimensional impartial expecting method at the analysis of anisotropy of types of the vascular ductings of human bone.
реферат [8,6 K], добавлен 01.12.2010The definition of stress as the body's way of responding to any kind of stimuli. Consideration of positive and negative emotions, which may cause stress. External and internal causes of stress. The role of consciousness in the assessment of events.
презентация [1,1 M], добавлен 22.09.2015The nature of English word stress. Consideration of the degree of stress as the force which gives an idea of the volume, pitch change in voice quality and quantity accented sounds. Examine the extent, trends and features of the English word stress.
презентация [1,1 M], добавлен 18.10.2015IBM of PC compatible comptroller of connection of Adam-4500. Programming of comptroller, simplicity of tuning. Verification of presence of errors. Tuning and diagnostics software. Functions and descriptions of the systems on the base of interface CAN.
контрольная работа [29,6 K], добавлен 20.11.2010Occurrence of new crimes in connection with development of new technologies and computerizations. The review and the characteristic of the most widespread internet crimes, ways of struggle against them. Methods of protection of the personal information.
эссе [15,3 K], добавлен 15.03.2012The concept and the internal structure of the lungs, the main components and their interaction. Functional features of the lungs in the human body, their relationship with other anatomical systems. Existing pathology of respiratory organ and control.
презентация [2,5 M], добавлен 12.02.2015The characteristic features of the two forms of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Description body dysmorphic disorder syndrome as a teenager painful experiences of his "physical disability." Methods of treatment and prevention of disease.
курсовая работа [17,9 K], добавлен 31.03.2013Организационные структуры маркетинга. Анализ организации маркетинга на предприятии "East-West Connection", основные факторы, характеризующие потенциал предприятия посредством метода SWOT. Проект реорганизации системы управления маркетингом компании.
курсовая работа [54,5 K], добавлен 23.08.2010Features of the structure and anatomy of the heart, it's main functions and tasks in the body. Changes taking place in the human heart in the course of his life from birth to aging. Age-related disorders in the blood supply system and the heart.
презентация [725,8 K], добавлен 16.10.2016Sentence stress is the music of spoken English. Some examples of content and structural words. Two very important suprasegmental aspects of English pronunciation. Basic types of intonation and their differences from Armenian intonation on the other.
реферат [25,4 K], добавлен 09.07.2015
