History of studying chronorithms in the regulation of physiological functions of the human organism

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Bukovinian state medical university

Chernivtsi regional psychiatric hospital

History of studying chronorithms in the regulation of physiological functions of the human organism

I. Tymofiychuk,

S. Semenenko,

K. Slobodyan,

V. Semenenko

Chemivtsi, Ukraine

Abstract

History of the study of chronorhythmic regulation of the physiological functions of the human body

Timofiichuk I., Semenenko S., Slobodian K., V. Semenenko, Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi Regional Psychiatric Hospital, Chernivtsi

Introduction. According to literary sources, human biological rhythms are certain frequencies, the speed and deceleration of which depends on the functioning of organs and systems of the human body, as well as its psychological state. In healthy people, the rhythms of physiological processes are synchronized both with each other and with the rhythms of the environment, and the synchronization of biorhythms and the preservation of their phase relationships provide optimal conditions for the functioning of the body and are a sign of health. The purpose of this study is to study the historical aspects of the chronorhythmic regulation of the physiological functions of the human body and to analyze the impact of desynchronosis.

Materials and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which highlights the physiological significance of chronorhythms and problems of desynchronosis and historical stages.

Main part. The role of the pineal gland and the pineal hormone melatonin in daily and seasonal rhythms, sleep-activity mode is indisputable today. In animals and humans, the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland coincides with the normal sleep clock. There is a hypothesis that melatonin plays an important role in opening the so-called sleep gates and in inhibiting activity modes. Melatonin secretion is subject to the circadian rhythm. The concentration of the hormone in the blood is maximal in the dark, and minimal in the light. The synthesis and activity of the hormone increases after sunset, and the peak concentration is noted around 3 o'clock in the morning.

Conclusions. Analysis of changes in chronorhythms and their inconsistencies helps to determine:

1. New approaches to diagnosis, prevention and improvement of temporary schemes of treatment measures for diseases of various forms.

2. The effect of desynchrony on the organs and systems of the body.

3. The role of mechanisms of adaptation of the organism to the environment.

Key words: human biorhythms, desynchronosis, pineal gland, melatonin.

Анотація

Історія вивчення хроноритмічної регуляції фізіологічних функцій організму людини

Тимофійчук І., Семененко С., Слободян К., В. Семененко, Буковинський державний медичний університет, Чернівецька обласна психіатрична лікарня, м. Чернівці

Вступ. Згідно з даними літературних джерел, біологічні ритми людини - це певні частоти, від швидкості та уповільнення яких залежить функціонування органів та систем організму людини, її психологічний стан. У здорових людей ритми фізіологічних процесів синхронізовані як між собою, так і з ритмами навколишнього середовища, а синхронізація біоритмів, збереження їх фазових співвідношень забезпечують оптимальні умови функціонування організму та є ознакою здоров'я.

Мета цього дослідження полягає у вивченні історичних аспектів хроноритмічної регуляції фізіологічних функцій організму людини та аналізі впливу десинхронозу.

Матеріали та методи. Аналіз вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури, де висвітлюються фізіологічне значення хроноритмів та проблеми десинхронозу та історичні етапи. Основна частина. Роль епіфіза та епіфізарного гормону мелатоніну в добовій та сезонній ритміці, режимі сну- активності на сьогоднішній день безперечна. У тварин і людини секреція мелатоніну епіфіз збігається зі звичайним годинником сну. Є гіпотеза, що мелатонін відіграє важливу роль у відкритті так званих воріт сну та у гальмуванні режимів активності. Секреція мелатоніну підпорядкована циркадіанному ритму. Концентрація гормону в крові максимальна у темний час доби, мінімальна - у світле. Синтез та активність гормону збільшується після заходу сонця, а пік концентрації відзначається близько 3 годин ночі.

Висновки. Аналіз змін хроноритмів та їх невідповідності допомагає визначити:

1. Нові підходи до діагностики, профілактики та вдосконалення тимчасових схем лікувальних заходів при захворюваннях різних форм.

2. Вплив десинхронії на органи та системи організму.

3. Роль механізмів адаптації організму до середовища.

Ключові слова: біоритми людини, десинхронози, епіфіз, мелатонін.

Аннотация

История изучения хроноритмической регуляции физиологических функций организма человека

Тимофийчук И., Семененко С., Слободян К., Семененко В.

Введение. Согласно данным литературных источников, биологические ритмы человека - это определенные частоты, от скорости и замедления которых зависит функционирование органов и систем организма человека, его психологическое состояние. У здоровых людей ритмы физиологических процессов синхронизированы как между собой, так и с ритмами окружающей среды, а синхронизация биоритмов, сохранение их фазовых соотношений обеспечивают оптимальные условия функционирования организма и являются признаком здоровья.

Цель этого исследования состоит в изучении исторических аспектов хроноритмической регуляции физиологических функций организма человека и анализе влияния десинхроноза.

Материалы и методы. Анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, где освещаются физиологическое значение хроноритмов и проблемы десинхроноза и исторические этапы.

Основная часть. Роль эпифиза и эпифизарного гормона мелатонина в суточной и сезонной ритмике, режиме сна - активности на сегодняшний день бесспорна. У животных и человека секреция мелатонина эпифизом совпадает с обычными часами сна. Есть гипотеза, что мелатонин играет важную роль в открытии так называемых ворот сна и в торможении режимов активности. Секреция мелатонина подчинена циркадианному ритму. Концентрация гормона в крови максимальна в темное время суток, минимальная - в светлое. Синтез и активность гормона увеличивается после заката, а пик концентрации отмечается около 3 часов ночи.

Выводы. Анализ изменений хроноритмов и их несоответствия помогает определить:

1. Новые подходы к диагностике, профилактике и совершенствованию временных схем лечебных мероприятий при заболеваниях разных форм.

2. Воздействие десинхронии на органы и системы организма.

3. Роль механизмов адаптации организма к среде.

Ключевые слова: биоритмы человека, десинхронозы, эпифиз, мелатонин.

Introduction

According to literature sources, human biological rhythms are certain frequencies, the speed and deceleration of which depend on the functioning of organs and systems of the human body, its psychological state. During the existence of life on Earth, certain cycles have been formed, which are accurately and periodically repeated in time and space. According to them, many processes take place in the human body. If a person does not live in accordance with these processes, there is desynchrony - a violation of chronobiorhythms.

The main body of the article. Doctors have long known about the rhythmic organization of certain body functions. In Tibetan medicine, the concept of biorhythms has become basic in the idea of the functioning of the organism, and their study was formed in the twentieth century as a field of medical and biological research. The existence of many periodic processes, the diversity of their relationships in biological systems. This contributed to the recognition of the principle of rhythmicity as a universal form of organization of wildlife.

The purpose of this study is to study the history of chronorhythms in the regulation of physiological functions of the human body and analysis of the effects of desynchrony. chronorhythmic physiological epiphyseal melatonin activity

The adaptation of organisms in the process of evolution took place in the direction of the development of their structural organization and coherence in time and space of activity of different functional systems. On the problem of perception of time by animals and humans worked I.P. Pavlov, V.M. Bekhterev, S.S. Korsakov. Ecological and physiological aspects of rhythmic processes were studied by V.V Slonim. The role of biorhythms in the regulation of body functions, their changes in space flight - V.V. Parin.

The stability of the periodicity of changes in light, temperature, humidity, geomagnetic field and other environmental parameters due to the movement of the Earth and Moon around the Sun, allowed living systems to develop stable and resistant to external time programs, which are biorhythms.

Biorhythmology is engaged in elucidation of the organization of biological systems, the role of the time factor in the implementation of biological phenomena and the behavior of living systems, nature, conditions of origin and significance of biorhythms for organisms. One of the areas of biology - chronobiology - studies the biorhythms and mechanisms that underlie them.

Aghajanyan found that chronomedicine is on the border of biorhythmology and clinical medicine, which studies biorhythms in the course of various diseases, develops rational schemes of treatment and prevention, taking into account biorhythms and their disorders.

Biorhythms are the result of natural selection

In the struggle for existence survived only those organisms that could perceive time and respond to it. There are about 900 functions that have a daily frequency. Different body functions have different rhythms of intensity.

The nature of changes in the circadian rhythm of functions is determined by the action of etiological factors and reflects the specifics of pathological processes that caused such a restructuring, ie carries diagnostic information. The study of chronobiological patterns creates a theoretical basis for the development of methods for identifying risk factors for development, early diagnosis, prognosis of pathology. The experience of other countries can be used only partially, as chronobiorhythms are influenced by lifestyle, intensity of physical activity during the day, the ratio of sleep and activity periods, time of year.

During the day the intensity of mitotic division changes: the highest rate of cell division in the morning, at night it decreases. The activity in the glomeruli is highest between 3 o'clock at night and 6 o'clock in the morning. In most people, the highest bioelectrical activity of the brain is observed in the morning (from 8 o'clock to 12 o'clock), in the evening (between 17 o'clock and 19 o'clock). However, there are individuals in whom high efficiency occurs at night (especially during mental work).

The number of platelets in a person's peripheral blood decreases at night and increases in the morning and afternoon. The content of angiotensin is highest in the morning and decreases to a minimum at 18 hours, so the data of daily activity of various human systems must be considered in the clinic. To define rhythms that are synchronous with the rhythms of the environment, use the terms circadian (round the clock), circatidal (tidal), circular (around the moon), zircanual (around the year).

1. high frequency (less than 0.5 hours).

2. Medium frequency: ultradian (from 0.5 h to 20 h), daytime, infradian (from 28 h to 6 days).

3. Low frequency: whitewashed, lunar, annual.

Depending on the biological role, rhythms are considered both adaptive and functional.

The concept of the circadian system of the organism, the functional parts of which are the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SNH), the pineal gland (PG), the retina and the nerve pathways that connect them, has been adopted and are considered to be the main generator of biorhythms of most body functions, which is extremely sensitive to the influence of various environmental factors.

Endogenous regulation of melatonin production is carried out by QOL, and external correction - by the photoperiod.

There are two types of desynchrony - internal (inconsistency of biological rhythms of the organism) and external (violation of the synchronization of the body's own biorhythms with the rhythms of the environment). Desynchronoses can be the cause of pathological conditions and accompany them.

Today, biorhythmic approaches in Ukraine are being developed in almost all branches of medicine, as the predicted circadian fluctuations can help in the diagnosis of certain diseases, and the goal of chronotherapy is to synchronize treatment with internal fluctuations in intensity.

Conclusions

Analysis of changes in chronorhythms and their inconsistency helps to determine:

1. New approaches for diagnosis, prevention and improvement of time schemes of therapeutic measures in diseases of various forms.

2. The impact of desynchrony on the organs and systems of the body.

3. The role of mechanisms of adaptation of the organism to the environment.

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