Obtaining composite materials from tree production wastes

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OBTAINING COMPOSITE MATERIALS FROM TREE PRODUCTION WASTES

recycling wood waste composite

Gurbanova R.V., Huseynli R.M.

Gurbanova Rana Vagif - Candidate of Chemical Sciences,

Associate Professor;

Huseynli Rashad Mushfig - Master Student,

SPECIALTY SOLID WASTE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES, CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, AZERBAIJAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND INDUSTRY, BAKU, REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Abstract: the article discusses possible solutions to the problem of recycling wood waste and its use as a raw material for the production of new high-quality materials for various industries. The main goal in the development of new materials is the creation of energysaving, low-waste technologies that allow the use of wood industry waste, as well as the creation of materials with high durability and decorative properties based on them. The purpose of the work is to obtain composite materials containing wood waste and epoxy resin. Composite materials based on epoxy resins have a number of useful properties discussed in the article.

Keywords: waste; wood composite material; wood waste; epoxy resin; hardener.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ИЗ ОТХОДОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЕРЕВА

Гурбанова Р.В.¹, Гусейнли Р.М.²

¹Гурбанова Рана Вагиф - кандидат химических наук, доцент;

²Гусейнли Рашад Мушфиг - магистрант, специальность: технология переработки твердых отходов, кафедра химии и неорганических веществ, химико-технологический факультет, Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности, г. Баку, Азербайджанская Республика

Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются возможные решения проблемы утилизации древесных отходов и их использования в качестве сырья для производства новых высококачественных материалов для различных отраслей промышленности. Основной целью при разработке новых материалов является создание энергосберегающих, малоотходных технологий, позволяющих использовать отходы деревообрабатывающей промышленности, а также создание материалов с высокими прочностными и декоративными свойствами на их основе. Целью работы является получение композиционных материалов, содержащих древесные отходы и эпоксидную смолу. Композиционные материалы на основе эпоксидных смол обладают рядом полезных свойств, обсуждаемых в статье.

Ключевые слова: отходы, древесный композитный материал, древесные отходы, эпоксидная смола, отвердитель.

With the development of business activity increase of accumulation of various industrial waste occurs at the same time, which brings not only to contamination of ecological environment but also causes serious harm to humans. This is mainly typical for big cities and industrially developed regions. Accumulation of waste causes enter of heavy metals, chemical compounds, including especially harmful substances as polychlorifielddioxine (PC DD) and dibenzofurans into ecological environment(PC DF) [1].

There are entire zones around large cities and industrial facilities contaminated with industrial and household waste. It brings not only to alienation of lands, but also to the contamination of ponds, groundwaters which is more destructive for environment. All technologies of waste processing are either ineffective or so expensive and time consuming that it is simpler and more economically effective << to throw>> ecological problems to the environment, even with the violation of the current law, than to be engaged in environmental activity in addition to the main work [2, 3].

At present the problem of accumulation of industrial waste is more acute. One of the main problems worth paying attention to is the utilization of wood waste. Which is formed in a big amount at sawmills and furniture factories. The first step, from which it is necessary to begincarrying out utilization of any industrial waste - is to cut back the production itself, especially non- environmental production exhausting resources of our Planet. Therefore, utilization of sawdust should begin from cut back of the sawmills. Not only we turn our richest forests into sawdust with our excessive consumption and unreasonable behavior, we also treat sawdust scornfully and wastefully. But after all, this most valuable material can be efficiently used so that it will contribute not only to the rational utilization of wood waste but also will form in the consumers' mindsrespectful attitude to the Tree, Forest which give us their Life for supporting ours. The new effective methods of utilization of sawdust popular at present are granulation, briquetting and pelletizing.

Materials from wood processing waste.

Wood waste without preliminary processing [6, 7, 8] (sawdust, shaving) or after chopping (wood chips, crusher, wood wool) can serve as aggregates in building materials on the basis of minerals and organic binders, these materials are characterized with small volume mass and heat conductivity, and also with good workability. Bio stability and incombustibility of materials are provided on the basis of treating wood aggregates with mineralizers and consequent mixing with mineral binders. The common shortage of materials on wood aggregates is high absorption and comparatively low water resistance.

Epoxide wood compositions used in the building as water resistant cover for wood boards and also in restoration of damaged sites of wooden constructions elements. The process begins with the mixing of epoxide material of ED-20 grade with plasticizers. For this purpose construction mixer was used for more qualitative stirring. Later, hardener is added to epoxide resin and plasticizers mixed with it. The best thing is to cool epoxide resin up to 3 0⁰ , in order to prevent fire.The ratio of resin and hardener is recommended 2:1. It is necessary constantly to stir the mixture in order the hardener to be dissolved in the resin evenly. To make the mixture more qualitative it is recommended to pour the hardener slowly in a thin stream constantly stirring. Then, waste of peanut tree is added there (waste of ash, pine, dust of laminate, furniture production waste were also used).The best results are mainly obtained from peanut tree. After all, mixture is poured into the shapes, in order easily to separate the product from the mold it is smeared with petroleum jelly. We color it with powder dye.

Various wood wastes were used in this study. These include beech wood, pine wood, ash wood, laminate powder and mdf powder. In addition, these wastes were mixed in half, such as mdf-pine, mdf-beech, beech-pine, etc. The highest tolerance was observed in beech wood waste. First, 90% wood waste and 10% epoxy resin were mixed. Then this process was taken in the ratio of 80/20, 70/30. The highest effect was seen in the ratio of 70/30.

As soon as the work finishes, the product is kept at temperature only slightly above room temperature. Initial polymerization begins only in 2-3 hours, the product should unstick and it is heated in the oven 5-6 hours in order to speed up the hardening process. Polymerization at a room temperature may take up to seven days,but when adding TETA (tri-ethylene tetra amine) into the composition the surface of the product can retain sticky properties. After the product is poured out of the mold it can be machined. Another methodhas been offered for obtaining of wood boards from resin.

Analysis of the obtained data showed that involvement of wood waste as the main raw material for production of wood boards with the use of epoxide resin ED and hardener solves the problem of waste recycling and allows producing materials with high physico- mechanical and operational properties. This kind of board is environmentally friendly.

Chemical and functional analysis of wood mass subjected to cavitation treatment proves that it contains molding conditions, ligno carbohydrate bonds are recreated from these materials at the contact points of wood particles similar in the initial wood as well as recombination with the appearance of new carbon-carbon and oxygen-carbon bonds, as a result, polymeric substance with high adhesion to the filler can be obtained.

Carried out researches show that wood particles subjected to hydrodynamic treatment have high autogesionic properties. Autogesia means the ability of two contacted surfaces of the same substance to give a strong bond, preventing their separation at the point of contact.

In the work it has been suggested that as a result of hydrodynamic effect on the sawdust in a certain conditions, structure formation of medium density wood boards is possible without the use of binders. For determining the conditions of board structure formation process, the effect of density of ready boards and hot pressing temperature on the physico- mechanical properties of the boards has been studied.

As a result of carried out researches it has been determined that physico-mechanical properties of the obtained material correlate with the considered technological factors. In most cases density of boards has dominant influence. Apparently this is due to the general laws of the formation of adhesive interaction between wood particles. Pressing temperature has also significant influence on the board's properties. Stability of the material obtained at high temperatures at equal density 50% was higher in comparison with the minimum temperatures influences on the swelling value of boards. This is explained by the fact that probably at higher temperatures the processes of bonds formation proceed with higher interaction energy between active centers of wood particles. It can be concluded that with an increase in the volume of consumption of commodity product from the wood the volume of wood waste also increases. These products are not widely used especially soft products (sawdust, shavings) are stored in enterprises or dumped, thereby, causing damage to the environment. Therefore, recycling soft wood waste into finished materials is an urgent task.

References / Список литературы

1. Chistova N.G. Recyeling of wood waste in tecnomechanical process of obtaining wood fibre boards krasnoyark, 2010. P. 386-414.

2. Morozov I.M. Preparing and use of wood waste in the production of wood fibre boards Krasnoyarsk, 2016. P. 153-162.

3. Ugrymov S.A Production of new ecologically clean constructive material based on wood waste. International students scientifice conference, 2012. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https rack.ru.forum 2012/15/814/ (date of access: 26.05.2020).

4. Plotnikova G.P. Used of sawdust in the production of chipboards. Works of state University, 2012, V. 2, P. 19-22.

5. Kolesnikova A.I. Evaluation of the volume of formed wood waste in Russian Federation and their use, 2013. Р. 54-71.

6. Morozov G.S. Complex use for wood. Recycling of secondary wood resours Krasnoyarsk. SibGTU, 2001.

7. About the condition of natural environment of Russian Federation in 1988 state report. M., 1999.

8. Recycling and utilization of industrial waste of Chelyabinsk region. Chelyabinsk, 2000.

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