Гостинність в українській побутовій культурі ХІХ ст.

Ключові слова: гостинність, гість, гостина, побутова культура, види гостинності, заклади гостинності.

Русавская В.А. Гостеприимство в украинской бытовой культуре ХІХ в. - Рукопись. Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата исторических наук по специальности 17.00.01 - теория и история культуры. - Киевский национальный университет культуры и искусств. - Киев, 2007.

Диссертация посвящена определению места и значения гостеприимства в украинской бытовой культуре ХІХ в. Гостеприимство впервые исследовано как целостное социокультурное явление.

В диссертации анализируются и обобщаются существующие в науке подходы к рассмотрению исследуемого феномена - историко-антропологический, социологический, культурологический, географический.

Результатом уточнения культурологического содержания основных понятий (гость, гостеприимство, гостинец; крестьянское, городское гостеприимство и др.) стало выделение в понятийно - категориальном аппарате двух содержательных групп.

Охарактеризированы признаки гостеприимства: религиозность, символичность, коммуникативность, сакральность; раскрыта его структура (повседневное, праздничное, семейное, общественное гостеприимство); проанализированы специфические особенности гостеприимства разных слоев населения.

Ключевые слова: гостеприимство, гость, бытовая культура, виды гостепримства, заведения гостеприимства.

Valentina A. Rusavs'ka. Hospitality in the Ukrainian everyday culture of the XIX cent. - The Manuscript. Thesis on competing a scientific degree of the candidate of historical sciences by speciality 17.00.01 - Theory and History of Culture Methods and Organization of Cultural and Educational Activity. Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, 2007.

The dissertation is devoted to the investigation of place and role of hospitality in the Ukrainian everyday culture of the XIXth century.

For the first time hospitality has been investigated as an integral social and cultural phenomenon. The historiography of the problem has been examined as well as it's source base; factors which influenced the nature of hospitality as an aspect of the Ukrainian everyday culture of the XIX cent. have been determined; main theoretical approaches onto understanding the phenomenon of hospitality have been summarized. As a result of more precise specification of the culturological content of main terms (guest, hospitality, welcoming, guest gift, folk, urban, church and monastery hospitality, so on) two substantial categories, which characterize the historic and ethno-cultural essence of hospitality, have been distinguished in conceptual and categorical matter.

The main characteristics have been defined; the principal functions of hospitality have been cleared up: religiousness, symbolism, communicativeness; sacrality); it's structure has been revealed (everyday, festive, family, public); specific peculiarities of different social strata hospitalities have been analyzed, on the grounds of which folk, urban, church and monastery hospitalities have been substantiated; main periods of hospitality have been revealed.

In the thesis the following idea has got its grounds: the phenomenon of hospitality has not been treated yet as a matter of through scientific comprehension, has not been examined from culturological position, instead it has been researched within ethnographic studies. On the basis of their analysis the conclusion has been done that the Ukrainian mentality peculiarities are reflected in the hospitality. Hospitality as a realization of people's everyday life forms and reflection of the world is regarded as one of the structural components of people's mentality, psychic, intellectual, religious, esthetic and other peculiarities of thinking of certain community, social group or separate individual, which are realized in culture, language, behavior and so on. On the grounds of systematization and analysis of ethnographic, sociological, culturological, anthropological, geographical and other studies the following conclusion has been drawn: hospitality is a multi-sided social and cultural phenomenon which needs interdisciplinary investigation.

It has been proved that the specific nature of the Ukrainian hospitality is predetermined by the peculiarities of cultural and historic development, to a great extent caused by medial location of the Ukrainian ethnos, in the conditions of geographical neighboring with the population of the abutting territories, which tended to expand its habitat. The double function of the boundary collocation has been determined: defensive and regenerative stimulative; its influence onto local modi highlighting in the Ukrainian hospitality has been regarded.

Hospitality is regarded as a result of Ukrainians natural adaptation, which been influenced by different inner and outer factors over a long historic period of time. Due to that hospitality is regarded in historical and cultural aspects as a component of the traditional everyday culture in correlation with its other elements.

The influence of the processes of industrialization and urbanization onto the specific nature of hospitality in the XIX cent. has been discovered. It was resulted in arranging public service establishments aiming at satisfaction of mass needs and mass service. Changes in family and individual everyday life as well as in the corresponding symbolic and ritual hospitality forms have been traced. The conclusion about the sacral nature of receiving guests' ritual in the Ukrainian hospitality has been made, its three stages have been highlighted: invitation, welcoming, seeing off; their content has been discovered. It has been shown that the Ukrainian society of the XIX cent. was formed by the controversial unity of different strata and social groups, in the presence of common and antagonistic interests, which influenced the differentiation of hospitality types and forms as well as the procedure of arranging corresponding establishments for different social strata. The urbanization processes predetermined modernization and application of innovations, introducing the threat of chaotic state to culture, including everyday culture, and furthered the development of urban hospitality. Perception of the urban area and its main square (maidan) as a sacral centre, evidenced about the renascence of the principal archetypes of the archaic culture, the contraposition “Cosmos - Chaos” belonged to as well. Coming back to historical routes could be explained by fact that merchants, entrepreneurs, bourgeoisie in first and second generations still were connected to the traditional values system, so far being originated from the countryside and practically unfamiliar with the urban culture as such.

Key words: hospitality, guest, welcoming, everyday culture, hospitality types, hospitality establishments

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