Russian avant-garde
Formation of Russian avant-garde influenced by french cubism, futurism, italian and german expressionism. Historical background of the birth of Russian avant-garde. The main stages of evolution of the avant-garde. Representatives of the avant-garde.
| Рубрика | Культура и искусство |
| Вид | реферат |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 01.06.2016 |
| Размер файла | 15,3 K |
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Russian avant-garde
avant garde futurism expressionism
Russian avant-garde is a complex and contradictory direction that developed in Russia from 1910 to 1932. It came under the influence of French Cubism, Italian Futurism and German Expressionism.
The birth of Russian avant-gardism was happening in the times of great changes. The technical progress, World War I, Russian revolution, intense artistic life-all these events formed such a large and influential wave of modern art.
The evolution of the Russian Avant-garde can be divided into three periods. The first accounts for 1910-1915 and known as Cubo-Futurism. The second runs from late 1915 to 1924 and it is the highest rise of the avant-garde. The third period covers 1925-1932 years, when the avant-garde was spread to the all types of art. But it gradually came to naught, and in 1932, ceased to exist in connection with the dissolution of independent unions.
The most famous Cube-futurists were poets Mayakovsky and Khlebnikov, artists Shagal and Kandinsky. These men were remarkable by their strange behavior and shocking appearance: yellow jackets, pink coats. They dreamed about worldwide brotherhood and the harmony between nature and mankind. The main figure in this world due to cube-futurists was a poet. He had to be the messiah and the loadstar of the whole world.
The second period of Russian avant-garde is also known as suprematic. The start was given in December 1915 - on the exhibition held in Petrograd "Zero-Ten", where was shown the famous "Black square on white" by Malevich. Malevich tried to persuade people that realism in arts was the thing of the past and the most professional artists had to communicate with people through signs and geometry. Although Malevich and other suprematists made a great impression on public with their ideas, the aesthetically beautiful purpose of avant-garde was over. After the revolution in 1917 Russia was divided by civil war into whites (those who wanted to restore monarchy) and reds (the revolution followers). The avant-garde became an instrument of reds'propaganda and manifests against whites.
The last period of Russian avant-garde was formed by 1921 and was inspired by Tatlin.Tatlin was an artist who believed that the aesthetic and beautiful things were surrounding people in their everyday life. This wave of avant-garde was called constructivism. Instead of making up some geometry signs in his mind (like suprematic artists did) Tatlin was very attentive to the realty.The most his famous project was the huge « Monument to the Third International», also known as Tatlin's Tower. The planned structure had to be a tall tower of iron, glass and steel which would have dwarfed the Eiffel Tower in Paris (the Monument to the Third International was a third taller at 400 meters high. For financial and practical reasons, however, the tower was never built.
In 1924 comrade Stalin came to power. One of his first acts was to forbid freedom of art and speech. So that by 1930-th the Russian avant-garde ceased to exist. However this wave of modern arts gave birth to the new philosophy of the new modern world. The artists, desighners and constructors made up a new type of craft and communication, minimalistic and down to earth. Many of it's measures you can see today on the newspapers'covers,in furniture, architecture e.t.c. You can hardly imagine the world today without the Russian novators of the beginning of the XX century. They were avantgardists.
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