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The article considers the issue of the influence of the First World War on social-economic situation in Orenburg province. In this context the basic components of the economy of one of the major agrarian regions of Russia and the social status of the population are studied. The author pays particular attention to small commodity unprofessional production, which in wartime got some optimization of development. The mechanism of this process was the mobilization of this sector by the government and province military agencies to ensure the needs of the army at the lowest expenses of the treasury.
Key words and phrases: Orenburg province; The First World War; agriculture; industry; small commodity unprofessional production; peasantry; workers.
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