City activation plan of "wonju-si" old downtown using modern architecture rehabilitation

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CITY ACTIVATION PLAN OF `WONJU-SI' OLD DOWNTOWN USING MODERN ARCHITECTURE REHABILITATION

Kim Eunseob, Jang Jihyoek, Cho Yonghoon

HKNU, Anseong, Republic of Korea

Abstract

The Academy Theater, in `Joongang-dong', `Wonju-si' city, was opened at 1963 and has played an important role as cultural center for 40 years. However, with the arrival of a large digital movie theater at the 2000s, the old theater was closed and the building has been in danger of being demolished. But, in terms of the historic value of modern architecture and the memories of citizens, it is suggested that it should be renovated as a symbol of regional history and cultural value, not demolition only linked to economic efficiency. If the Academy Theater is enlarged and reconstructed in connection with the infrastructure of the surrounding old downtown area, it can be a new way to enhance the citizens' historical and cultural pride by rejuvenating old towns.

Keywords: architecture, old town, regeneration, modern architecture.

Абстракт

Ким Унсов, Чан Цзихюк, Чо Ёнхун

ГУХК, г. Ансон, Республика Корея

ПЛАН АКТИВАЦИИ ГОРОДА «ВОНДЖУ-СИ»: СОВРЕМЕННАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРНАЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕНТРА

Академический театр в Юонган-дон, город Вонджу-си, был открыт в 1963 году и сыграл важную роль в качестве культурного центра в течение 40 лет. Однако, с появлением большого кинотеатра в 2000-х годах, старый театр был закрыт, и здание было подвержено опасности быть разрушенным. Но, с точки зрения исторической ценности современной архитектуры и воспоминаний о гражданах, он должен быть отреставрирован / реконструирован. Если Академический театр будет расширен и реконструирован в соответствии с инфраструктурой окружающего старого центра города, это может стать новым способом повышения исторической и культурной гордости граждан, и будет одним из путей омоложения старых городов.

Ключевые слова: архитектура, старый город, регенерация, реставрация, современная архитектура.

theater cultural city historical

Introduction

Now we live in a society where everything is changing rapidly. Everything is consumed, vanished and replaced. But again in Korea, people are looking for the beauty and value of the old. Due to the economic logic of the past, numerous buildings have been demolished and new buildings have been built on the spot, or they have pulled down old areas and developed new areas. As a result, newly developed areas in Korea have a similar or same urban landscape all around the country. On the contrary to that, the old towns where people do not visit are getting slummed and dilapidated, so almost all the cities are getting lost their identities in this kind of economy oriented development process.

Figure 1. Modern architecture and urban structure of central area, Wonju-si

Necessity of new strategy for city development

This phenomenon is more evident at local small and medium cities where the system and the budget of cultural policy are much inferior to those of metropolitan cities. Therefore, the researcher proposes redevelopment strategy of the old central town of `Wonju-si' city of Korea by using of enough cultural heritages, abundant natural environment and historic places, not demolishing or abandoning them. In the past, especially at the period of `Chosun ' dynasty, `Wonju-si' city played a very important role as a center of politics, administration, economy, culture and art of the middle east area of Korean peninsula, which is called`Gangwon-do' province. However, the role of the city was reduced during the Japanese colonial period and grew up as a military city after the Korean War of 1950. After that, various city development projects at the outskirts of city have caused the hollowing out of central area of city and now the local government is making a lot of efforts to revive the old down town area, but still the meaningful outcomes are not coming like all the medium cities in Korea. The old town is literally the old center of the city. The space of central area itself contains the history of the city and the place itself is the identity of the city. In this regards, we suggest a new urban development method that can reflect the identity of the city and utilize the existing landscape, modern architecture, and traditional markets that have made up the old downtown of `Wonju-si ' city about 100 years after `Chosun' dynasty collapsed.

Analysis and Proposal

For the main strategy, we propose the connection between `Gangwon-gamyeong', which was the local government place of `Chosun' dynasty and is the largest identity in `Wonju-si' city at present, and major facilities in the city. And in order to carry out this strategy logically, we have classified the buildings to be remodeled and the buildings to be demolished by identifying completion year, structure system, main use of building, and the number of floors of the buildings at 'Pungmul-sijang' market. After that, we surveyed `Gangwon-gamyeong' and its surrounding markets and modern buildings and found that those urban important elements constitute the old downtown of `Wonju-si' city and give identity. Utilizing these urban cultural and historical infrastructures, we can plan tours and cityscapes with a theme of `Wonju-si ' city which cannot be seen at other cities. By this strategy and method, we can analyze the surrounding area and propose the target site as follows;

Figure 2. Existing condition analysis of 'Pungmul-sijang' market

1) In particular, we conducted a cross - sectional analysis to `Gangwon- gamyeomg' - site - `Gangbyeon-ro ' - `Wonju-cheon' stream in order to link up with the program that establishes and suggests the identity of `Gamyoung-gil' street which is the most important axis of `Wonju-si' city old city from the past.

Figure 3. Longitudinal section analysis from 'Gangwon-gamyeong' to 'Wonju-cheon' stream

F

Figure 4. Reflect of the arrangement of'Gangwon-gamyeong'

2) For the newly annexed building, we planned to reflect the arrangement of `Gangwon-gamyeong' and the elevation of `Pojung-lu', which is `Gangwon-gamyeong' gate. It can be used as a resting place for citizens by connecting various floors from the 2nd to 5th floors through the external deck in the motif of `Pojung-lu'.

Figure 5. Reflect of the elevation of'Pojung-lu'

Figure 6. Floor plan of Acamedy Theater

3) We planned the layout of the first floor to reflect the arrangement of `Gang- won gamyeong'. `Gwanpung-ru' which was a `Gangwon-goonyoung's playground overlaps with the theater of the current building. Current building which forms a symmetrical axis is a theater work space and circulations are placed along the overlap of `Gangwon-gamyeong'.

Figure 7. Activation plan of the Academy Theater and 'Pungmul-sijang' market

4) The program consists mainly of museums and theaters that can remember local histories and memories of citizens. We also planned libraries and lecture rooms to study and study more about local history. In addition, we planned a space where citizens and visitors can take a break and added childcare facilities and tourist information centers in connection with the surrounding infrastructure.

Conclusion

The proposal of this study aimed at the urban regeneration utilizing the modern architecture and infrastructure remaining in the old downtown which has the identity of the city. However, it is still not easy to be realized due to citizens' awareness of modern buildings, budget shortage, and lack of data. Especially in small and medium sized cities like `Wonju-si' city, there are many cases where you cannot do anything due to the lack of budget. The development utilizing the identity of local small and medium cities should be supported by the central government as a part of the balanced development of the land and the local research and development should be done by referring to the examples of the urban regeneration using the modern buildings at home and abroad.

References

1. Jae-seok Choi, Looking for Wonju Modern Architecture, 2006

2. Jae-seok Choi, Wonju city environmental story, 2013

3. Young-sang Kwon, Kyeong-mii Shim, A Study on the Regional Activation Plan through the Use of Modern Architecture, AURI-Basic -2009-5

4. Sung-Ho Lee, In-wook Oh, A Study on Design Deformation by Modern Renovation of Architecture, Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal Vol.20 No.1 84

5. Kang-rim Choi, Seung-hwan Lee, A Case Study on Urban Regeneration Planning Using Historical and Cultural Environment, Journal of the Korean Institute of Land and Urban Planning, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2009.04

6. Jae-man Noh, A Study on Remodeling Planning Method Based on the Concept of Preservation of Modern Architecture, Seoul City University Graduate School of Urban Science 2008.07.

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