Origins of the people’s movement of Ukraine - Ivano-Frankivsk regional cultural and scientific society "Rukh"

The peculiarity of the socio-political life of Ivano-Frankivsk region consisted in the fact that there were formed and functioned actively in the region such socities as Ivano-Frankivsk regional CSS “Movement” (“Rukh”) with subsidiaries (in Kolomyia - “Postup”, in Rohatyn - “Dzvin”, in Oleshkiv village in Sniatyn region - “Renaissance”, in the village of Otyniya, in the village of Yamnytsia), the Ukrainian Helsinki Union, the Ukrainian Republican Party, the Democratic Party of Ukraine. Ivano-Frankivsk Regional CSS “Movement” (“Rukh”) at the same time became the founder of the National Organization of the People's Movement of Ukraine for reformation and the Ukrainian Language Society named after T. Shevchenko, “Memorial”, “Green World” and the others. The society “gave strength” to all other political organizations and parties that emerged in Ivano-Frankivsk region. At large industrial enterprises, the state institutions and organizations there were formed public political organizations massively - strike committees and associations of the People's Movement of Ukraine for reformation, which were registered according to by the relevant decisions of the executive committees of the city and district councils of deputies of Ivano-Frankivsk region.

Various amateur public associations interfered in the political life of Ukraine actively: clubs, societies, unions, organizations, associations, parties that claimed to gain power. In Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil regions, many local councils were dominated by noncommunist deputies, who had almost all the power. The “Movement” (“Rukh”) turned into an openly anti-communist organization based on the nationalist ideology. The communists, their party committees and organizations launched a fierce campaign against the “democratic forces” (in particular, against the “nationally limited” democratic bloc - the “band bloc”, “separatists”), “nationalist ideology”, “Bandera supporters”. Ideas of a civil peace and non-violence, ensuring human rights, spiritual and national cultural revival, the transition to a socially oriented market economy, other democratic goals and universal values, but not political ambitions or ideological dogmas, could bring different positions closer, reach compromises, unite most people in concrete steps out of the crisis. The CPSU and its branch of the CPU in their programme documents defended the “process of a revolutionary reformation”, “the approval of the democratization process of the society”, “publicity” and were “the first” ones, who (in the West, this was done systematically, especially during the Cold War) condemned the cult of Stalin, Khrushchov's “voluntarism” and Brezhnev's policy of “stagnation”. Taking the responsibility for mistakes, miscalculations in the socio-political development of the USSR, recognizing the criminal activities of the party leadership during the 30-50-ies of the XXth century, the party proclaimed “the renewal” and called for “the renewal of the society as a whole”. People began not only to think freely in a whisper manner, but also to express their thoughts and views openly, often diametrically opposed political views, all stopped “unconditionally supporting the general line of the Communist Party”. A qualitatively new generation entered the arena of the political struggle.

The problem of the formation of mass public organizations during the second half of the 1980-ies, both in the western region and throughout Ukraine, their cooperation with the societies of the Baltics, the Caucasus and other republics of the USSR and the diaspora, requires a separate historical study. The formation of regional organizations of the People's Movement of Ukraine differed significantly in the regions of Ukraine.

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