Post-industrial economy, its specific features and prospects of development

Now JSC RusHydro realizes the project on creation of trial power units for increase in the rated capacity MGEOES-1 due to use of heat of a waste separator.

The cost of the project is estimated at more than 2,2 billion rubles. Implementation of the project will allow to increase efficiency of use of geothermal resources for 26% and, besides, to receive in addition to 13 MW of power without additional costs of drilling of geothermal wells and production of the heat carrier.

One more innovative project of JSC RusHydro - construction of trial Northern tidal power plant (PES) in a lip Long the Barents Sea in Murmansk region. The technologies used in this PES allow to save annually to 8 thousand tons of conditional fuel.[24]

JSC Integrated Energy Systems in 2008-2009 introduced in production of low-temperature vortex technology of burning of solid fuel that increased copper efficiency, and its maximum power increased on 20%, to 250 t/h.

At the same time JSC KES as the innovative project submitted the investment program for 2009-2017 which is estimated at more than 130 billion rubles. More than 3 GW of new electric power, increase of production efficiency of electric and thermal energy, increase of efficiency of combined heat and power plant have to become result of its carrying out input.

JSC FGC UES actively invests in innovations in the field of energy efficiency and energy saving. In particular, in 2009 the industrial samples of asynchronous compensators were created, that provided decrease in losses of the electric power by 8% .

In 2010 by the company tests of unique domestic development were finished - the compensator of jet power of new generation like STATCOM which allows to increase the capacity of networks and to reduce losses of the electric power by 4%.

Space technologies. If strictly approach to the term "space technology", that due to the specifics of public sector data on the implementation of innovative projects does not exist on this topic.

Nevertheless, at the intersection of space and information technologies, several projects implemented by JSC "Sitronics" (AFK "System"), and JSC "Navigation and Information Systems" (JSC NIS).

Currently being implemented project of JSC NIS - the state ERA-GLONASS system ("The emergency reaction at accidents"). Within the project the navigation and information system covering the action all roads of the country is created, and cars are equipped with navigation and communication GLONASS / GPS terminals which in case of accident automatically transfer information about place, time and weight of road accident, to the operator of ERA-GLONASS system. The predicted effect - preservation of life to 4 thousand people. Annually direct economic effect - 25 billion rubles (an assessment for 2020).

The project of JSC Sitroniks is also connected with motor transport - the SACM ("Supervision and control of motor transport"). A project essence - development and deployment of system of supervision of control of motor transport on the basis of technologies of satellite navigation in the form of the service rendered together with mobile operator.[24]

Strategic information technologies. JSC Sitroniks also submitted two projects in the "strategic information technologies" direction. In 2008-2010 the project was realized to develop and bring to market a new product - the Mobile Data-processing Centre (MDPC) with which the company came to a new segment of the market and had new opportunities of implementation of complex IT projects.

The second innovative project realized now - creation of production of integrated schemes with design norms of 90 nanometers. It is the large-scale project which is estimated at 16,5 billion rubles. In its framework the new production corresponding to world level is created, the range of the let-out chips extends capacities of the enterprise increase twice.

It is possible to include in category of strategic information technologies also the project of JSC Mobile TeleSystems on construction in Russia of networks of mobile communication of the third generation (3G). In the long term of MTS expects emergence of the whole classes of new services on the basis of services of high-speed data transmission.

Respectively, implementation of the project will allow the company to strengthen considerably the positions in the highly competitive telecommunication market. However, in the world are already realized programs of creation of networks of the fourth generation with even bigger capacity of data links .

Proceeding from the carried-out analysis obviously that the main results of formation of the environment, "friendly for innovations", have to become:

Elimination of the barriers constraining expansion of scales of innovative activity of the enterprises and distribution in economy of advanced technologies;

Strengthening of incentives at the level of the companies to continuous innovative activity, to use and development of new technologies for providing competitiveness of business, creating favorable conditions for creation of the new hi-tech companies and development of the new markets of production (services).

Measures for the following main directions have to be realized for these purposes:

The first, improvement of conditions for the fair competition for strengthening of motivations of the companies, their owners to innovations. Among the appropriate measures - increase of efficiency and effectiveness of response of antimonopoly authorities to cases of violation of conditions for the competition at adoption of regulations which limit the rights of the separate groups of companies complicating conducting innovative activity; to the separate companies, criteria of identification of those preferences which have the essential distorting impact on a condition of the competitive environment and motivations of the companies to realization of innovative strategy of development can limit definition of the principles of control of preferences; a regular assessment of the existing barriers to innovative activity and comparison of their levels between the Russian regions.

Gradually scales of the state support of the inefficient companies have to be reduced, in case of their high social importance the innovative orientation of measures of support of such companies in combination with measures for restructuring of business on the basis of division of risks with private investors will amplify.

Investment programs and development plans of the companies with the state participation, natural monopolies have to be subject to high-quality examination.

The second, improvement of regulation of the markets of production (services), branch regulation for providing favorable conditions for distribution of advanced technologies. One of necessary measures - a regular assessment of standard barriers for distribution of critical technologies in economy and definition of plans of consecutive actions on acceleration of procedure of removal on the market of new production.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the post-industrial economy is an economy of high-technical and knowledge-intensive spheres and productions, and also economy with extensive sector of services because of what it often called as "economy of society services". One of fundamental characteristics of post-industrial economy is private and intellectual property. In post-industrial economy the special place is taken by small and medium business, and through small business enterprises there is a satisfaction of consumer needs of people and their variety makes the basis of the economy of many post-industrial countries.

Proceeding from all aforesaid, it becomes obvious that Russia puts before itself ambitious, but attainable achievable goals for long-term development- providing high welfare of the population, fixing of a geopolitical role of the country as one of the global leaders defining the world political agenda. The only possible way to achieve these goals is to move the economy to an innovative socially-oriented model of development.

This implies the need to build the economy of leadership and innovation. Quantitative indicators of such economy by 2020 - occupation of an essential share (5-10 per cent) in the markets of high-tech and intelligent services for 5-7 items, increased by half the proportion of high-tech sector in GDP (from 10.9 to 17-20%) , an increase in five-six times of the share of innovative products in the production industry, in four or five times - the share of innovation active enterprises (from 9.4 up to 40-50 per cent).

The world economic crisis of 2008-2009 and 2014 complicated realization of goals, led to cut in expenditure of private business on innovation and aggravated structural weaknesses of the Russian innovative system.

Nevertheless, the difficult economic situation in the short term doesn't speak about need of revision of the purposes of long-term development, rather seriously "the level" for rates and quality of economic development in 2013-2020 raises.

The solution of problems of post-crisis restoration, acceleration of transition to an innovative way of development will pass in conditions of impact on Russia of a number of the external and internal calls, on the one hand, complicating achievement of goals, on the other hand, dictating the need for further intensification of efforts to address accumulated in the Russian economy and the innovation system problems. Key calls among these external in terms of innovation development are:

Acceleration of technological development of world economy. Real competitors of Russia become not only the leading countries in the sphere of innovations, but also many developing countries, the CIS countries. Thus transition of economies of the leading countries to the following (sixth) technological way, technological revolution in resource-saving and alternative power engineering, sharply increases uncertainty in development of Russia, which basis of specialization in the world markets is made by export of traditional energy carriers. Development of alternative power engineering, emergence of economically effective technologies of production of hydrocarbons from nonconventional sources (slates, oil-bearing sand, etc.) can lead to decrease in demand and in prices of key goods of the Russian raw export, reduction of receipt in economy of the financial resources necessary for modernization, decrease in the importance of Russia in global policy.

Investments which were supposed to be carried out within several years, were "sharply approached" - within anti-recessionary packages of the developed countries tens of billions of dollars of additional investments into development of medicine, biotechnologies, an alternative power and renewable engineering, nuclear branch, information technologies are allocated. So powerful financial injections can approach change of technological way for 3-5 years.

One of key calls for our country this strengthening on a global scale competitive fight for the factors defining competitiveness of innovative systems, first of all, for highly skilled labor and "clever" money (the investment attracting new knowledge, technologies, competences in projects), sharp increase of mobility of these factors. In the conditions of low efficiency of national innovative system in Russia it means the accelerated "washing away" from the country of the remaining competitive potential -technologies, ideas, and the capital.

Calls which our country faces dictate need of the advancing development of the certain specific directions of scientific researches and technological development ("pure" power, genomic medicine, new technologies in agriculture, etc.), on many of which in Russia there are no essential reserves. To answer these calls, Russia needs to be integrated considerably more deeply into world innovative system, to overcome the remaining isolation.

If Russia isn't capable to answer these calls, then there will be a narrowing of "window of opportunities" for transition to innovative economy, loss of the remaining scientific potential, weakening of geopolitical positions, transition of Russia to category of the countries to innovative system of imitating type, not capable to production of new knowledge and achievement of global leadership in the key technological directions, long-term fixing of raw character of the Russian economy, low rates of economic development. It means impossibility of achievement of the objectives and problems of long-term development.

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