Features of the formation of an innovative economy in the Republic of Belarus

Activation of innovative activity in creation, introduction and wide dissemination of new products, services and technological processes as the main factors of qualitative growth in production, employment, investment and foreign trade turnover.

Рубрика Экономика и экономическая теория
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 19.12.2017
Размер файла 16,6 K

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Features of the formation of an innovative economy in the Republic of Belarus

The innovative economy is very effective and perspective economic model of post-industrial societyin the conditions of objectively occurring processes of the world community globalization and accruing rates of introduction of the results of scientific and technical progress to all spheres of the society life.

Intensification of scientific and technical progress is combined now with constant expansion and deepening of interstate communications, growth in export of goods and a transfer of technologies promoted by a wide circulation and availability of information technologies. Thus, the process of globalization of world economy is a natural result of scientific and technical and information and communication development of the world community.

In the last decades there is a basic change of the role of science and scientific knowledge in the course of public reproduction. So, the science becomes the main factor of successful economic development of the state. However in modern conditions exclusive relevance acquires not "pure" knowledge, but its substantiated result which is expressed in various material and social benefits, received by a society from its creation. But for the received scientific knowledge to acquire the substantiated result, the society has to create the certain environment susceptible to introduction of the scientific development. [2]

The state role in this process consists in creation of the formal rules regulating interaction of science, production and society as a whole.

The innovative economy represents a natural result of the world economy development in the conditions of information and intellectual revolution.

As a whole the innovative economy is the economy based on knowledge, new achievements of science and technology. Their active and timely introduction is the main driving force of the development of the country.

Formation of innovative economy as the most effective model of economic development of the state becomes possible in the conditions of the intensification of scientific and technical progress. The results of scientific and technical development can be presented in the form of scientific and scientific and technical achievements. innovative product growth investment

The array of the scientific and technical achievements having, as a rule, an applied character is the necessary base of innovative activity and is directly embodied as innovations.

Implementation of innovations as a result of innovative activity has to be economically effective and socially useful.

Nowadays there is a tendency to shift the emphases on economic efficiency to the detriment of the social component.

"The innovative way of development is not only technology-economic, but also the political slogan for the next years. It is a perspective mobilizing idea for all our society", - exactly so defined a fundamental vector of social and economic development of the country the President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko. [1, p. 48]

The essence of innovative development of the economy is in intensification of innovative activity on creation, introduction and a wide circulation of new products, services and technological processes as the main factors of high-quality growth of outputs, employment, investments and a foreign trade turnover. [2]

Cardinal increase in the value added created both in innovative sector, and by means of innovations in traditional branches of industrial production of the country has to become the major state priorities in the conditions of innovative economy formation.

It is possible to distinguish the following main signs of innovative economy:

* wide circulation and general availability of information and telecommunication technologies;

* active application of the automated production systems and the computer equipment in real economy;

* availability of the effective educational structures, capable to provide all spheres of activity of the society with a qualitative human resources;

* availability and continuous improvement of the infrastructures necessary for providing and maintenance of high rates of scientific and technical and innovative development of the country.

Availability of innovative infrastructure is not only one of the main signs of innovative economy, but also is among primary factors necessary for its formation. Besides, the innovative infrastructure in many respects predetermines rates of the development of national economy. In the conditions of globalization of the world markets competitive advantage is received by the countries possessing developed infrastructure, providing the most effective mechanism of creation and realization of innovations.

To form innovative economy one should observe the following conditions:

* creation of complete national innovative system;

* formation of the adequate regulatory and legal framework accompanying innovative development;

* creation of an effective funding mechanism for innovative development;

* updating and active accumulation of intellectual potential of the society. [2]

While analyzing the functioning of national innovative system in world practice essential significance is given to the analysis of information and technological interaction of science, production and society as a whole. The necessity of this foreshortening of the economic analysis is defined by the fact that technological development of innovative system is the result of active and continuous interaction of subsystems forming it such as the state research institutes, universities and the industry enterprises.

In the conditions of innovative economy when knowledge becomes the main productive force, the attitude to the highly intellectual staff, which has this knowledge radically changes.

Thus, a fundamental problem of an education system in the conditions of formation of innovative economy is not only to train high-productive staff, but also ensuring active interaction with an industrial complex of the country for realization of ideas of high school science according to the requirements of real sector of economy.

Now there is some disproportion in distribution of scientific capacity of the republic. Advancing level of scientific and innovative development of Minsk is connected with existence of fundamental scientific centers, including National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, rather wide choice of a workplace for the scientific staff, more favorable working conditions, possibility of participation in the international cooperation, and also concentration of financial resources. [1, p. 51]

Today it is rather often stated that sustained economic growth is identified only with introduction of achievements of scientific and technical progress and intellectualization of factors of production.

The innovative way of development assumes effective interaction of scientific and technical, production, and also financial and social spheres. The active state policy is necessary for ensuring such interaction in the conditions of a transitional economy in the field of innovations. State support is mainly the important condition, allowing optimizing process of scientific and technical development and providing necessary prerequisites for realization of socially oriented break in the field of technologies.

The problem of low national competitiveness should be solved in many European countries. One of the most powerful and authoritative world ratings of the national competitiveness, formed on the basis of Reports on the competitiveness, provided by the World Economic Forum, reflects the level of competitiveness of the country.

The statistical data used at definition of an index of competitiveness of development, are possible to divide into three groups forming, in turn, three indexes: technological, index of quality of public institutions and index of quality of the macroeconomic environment.

Special attention should be given to a technological index while considering innovative economy as an increase factor of competitiveness of the country. By means of this index, positions of each country in the field of innovations, transfers of new progressive technologies, and also achievements in the field of information and communications are estimated. [2]

In modern economic literature the index of competitiveness of development is often perceived as the total characteristic of influence of innovative development on competitiveness of the country, and also the ability of the country to a sustainable development, at least, in medium-term prospect. It should be noted also that the share of a technological (innovative) index increases in an index of competitiveness in the process of the country approach to an innovative stage of development.

Thus, the innovation of economy in many respects defines not only standard of living, competitiveness of the country in the world market, but also is a necessary condition of ensuring national security of the country.

Список литературы

1. Жабко, П.К. Актуальные вопросы стратегии инновационного развития экономики Беларуси / П.К. Жабко // Проблемы управления. 2007. №1. С. 48 - 55.

2. Денисюк, В.А. Конкурентоспособность и инновационная активность государств: анализ международных рейтингов и индикаторов/ В.А. Денисюк // [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://iee.org.ua/files/alushta/39-denisyuk-konkur_i_innov_aktiv.pdf.

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