The efficiency of the institutional assurance of the agricultural business economic capacity development

В статье обосновывается эффективность институциональных гарантий развития экономического потенциала аграрного бизнеса. Определены пути и институциональное влияние реформ в сельскохозяйственном секторе. Были очерчены цели государственной регуляторной политики с учетом влияния агробизнеса. Проанализирована динамика изменения основных ставок эффективности развития агробизнеса Украины.

Ключевые слова: экономический потенциал, агробизнес, реформы, регуляторная политика.

According to the assessment made by us with the help of the method of logical generalization on the situation towards the achievement of the institutional standardized aims, there is a conclusion, that the results of business institutional mechanism transformation have not provided a fair market value redistribution, social prosperity, additional population of rural inhabitants.

At the same time market business mechanism institutionalization was aimed a priori at the development of the agricultural business as well as at the formation of the resource and institutional basis of their effective functioning. One of the defining steps in the mentioned context was the assurance of return of the main means of production - land - into the peasants' ownership. Sharing of agricultural lands in particular has given a push to: the creation of the conditions for the development of enterprises of different forms of ownership in the village; the formation of the corresponding competitive environment, created on the possibilities of resources fairness for the entrepreneurs; the raise of labor productivity; the changes in the relation of peasants towards labor and the evaluation of its viability. It is also worth noticing that it was made a lot in the institutional sense, especially what concerns the land reform, though, it has not reached its final stage yet - the formation of the fully featured land market, with all the necessary attributes.

The adjustment of the agricultural business is an institutionally caused process, which is subordinated to the dynamics of the society development, and what is more - it is subordinated to the motivation in the society needs satisfaction in the vital goods of agricultural origin. That's why, for example the production of goods and the level of its consumption is the result or indicator of efficiency of institutional adjustment which includes state adjustment.

On the whole the regulative effect of the institutional agricultural policy is mostly embodied into the results of the development of Ukraine's agricultural business economic capacity from the change of the economic management conditions (Table 2).

Table 2. The dynamics of the main rates change of Ukraine's agricultural business development efficiency to the level of2001

The main rates of the efficiency of the Ukraine's agricultural business economic capacity development as the main productive power of the agricultural sector grow all the time, especially during the last three years. This points at the favorable institutional conditions, institutional regulative policy, which assures long lasting economic growth, even despite essential reduce of population's income and changes in the structure of food consumption.

On the whole the income, which is received by the agricultural business entities are such, which allow supposing the existing institutional model effective and which allows to assure ever- increasing pro fitability (Table 3).

institutional guarantee reform agribusiness

Table 3. The main economic rates of the production realization by the Ukraine's agricultural entities

The analytical rates also prove the fact that we have important reasons to make a conclusion about the thing that in the global general economic dimension the effect of the institutional adjustment is positive and the dynamics of the agricultural business rates growth is systematical, especially during the last years.

Firstly we want to notice that the economics of production as the main part of the productive chain in the system of «production-allocation-exchange-consumption» assures the creation of the additional product at the expense of the productivity effects, which were modelled correspondingly by the state's institutional regulative policy.

As we may see from the analytical data, Ukraine's agricultural business shows the prospective efficiency, especially from the point of view of the proposed by us indicators, but the conclusion has two side positive image. In particular, the producer's income increases, but the social economic effect according to the qualitative indicators, which may be the measure of the state institutional adjustment efficiency, point at completely different thing - favorable outer market condition, to which we are going to give our own assessment underneath.

Together with this, natural measurements of the agricultural business development, which, in our belief, define the foundations of the agricultural policy, prove its extensive direction. That means that the state's and its institutions regulative influence on the business entities' behavior in the form of the unconditional assurance of economic capacity development is minimized and almost ineffective.

Reasonableness and impartiality of this conclusion is confirmed by the fact that cereal crops and technical crops of oil applicability (such as sunflower and rape) dominate in the production structure. The agricultural producers are engaged with these crops due to quite favorable outer market condition. However, the neglect of the crop rotation principle and the agricultural business maintenance fundamentals may lead to the resource capacity break down. Branch regulatory bodies, especially local, do nothing to improve the situation - to regulate the production structure, that's why the commitment to the excess profit is attractive. It is only separate, the most visible miscount in the agricultural policy, which brings misbalance into the profits and expenses in the mechanism of economic capacity development. Agricultural policy's cut outs, state's adjustment functional orientation, in spite of the visible production's economic effect, inherit the form of indifference and lack of prospects. That's why we may consider such policy to be the «policy of nowadays».

A distinctive tendency of Ukraine's agricultural business development during the last years is the fact that this branch has increased the specific weight in the general volume: the country's GDP (2011 - 16,5 %, 2012 - 17,2, 2013 - 18,5, 2014 - 21,7 %); gross value added (2011 - 7,9 %, 2012 - 8,7, 2013 - 9,3, 2014 - 10,9 %) [5]. However, we may evaluate this increase result in two different ways. On the one side the branch economy increases, on the other side - it receives the features of the main branch. Herewith, there are a lot of negative points in the general economical context. The agricultural business itself builds its effects on the basis of the development of low cost, not labor intensive crop production. The con irmation to this fact is the reduce of the number of employees from 18,9 % in 2000 to 7,2 % in 2014. It will be true to suppose that it will lead to the non-stabile formation of the added value, since the branch economy has mostly primary character and depends on the outer market condition. The agricultural policy in institutional regulation inherits the commitment to the outer markets, which are available mainly due to the low cost of the proposed production, that's why it is a temporary, short term effect. All the data according to the GDP may misinform, as they are far from that evaluation which would point at the implicit stability of the agricultural business economic capacity with the view of the perspective.

We don't suppose agricultural business' primary character to be the perspective. It is aimed mostly at the more intensive market, as nearly 15 % of corn and over 10 % of cereals (the second place after the USA) are supplied to the outer market. So, the internal reserves of consumption - livestock- take a back seat. It is the result of the imperfect institutional policy of the agricultural business adjustment by the state.

Imperfection of the state's institutional regulative policy in Ukraine's agricultural business, in spite of the positive general economic rates of its development, is con irmed by the facts of insufficient attention to such problems as:

1) system shortage and unavailability of the financial resources for the producers, which are engaged only in agriculture and are not a part of the integrated structures;

2) contribution to the uncontrolled resources overconcentration in agro holdings without their connection with the village problems;

3) tactic, but not strategic inheriting of the outer market motivations;

4) misregulating of the inter-sectoral relations together with the price disparity;

5) contribution to the extensive production with domination of the low cost cultures;

6) not paying proper attention to the situation with the low level of the production quality, that's why the main advantage of the export cultures is their cheap cost;

7) an absence of the functional, available for the small and medium-sized enterprises agricultural market sales infrastructure, which leads to the great loss of income.

The contemporary model of the state institutional adjustment is characterized by the national peculiarities of the contribution to the implementation of organizational and economic transformations, which caused lasting transitivity. It is also the result of unconstructive, unadapted to the national institutional adjustment realities, since there is the third decade of the agricultural transformations without the visible cut outs of stability. There is such transitive conclusion: the development of the Ukraine's agricultural business economic capacity as an object of the institutional adjustment in the context of ef iciency measurement develops an impression of unadjustment of institutions and difference of positive sides, which may become negative at the same time. That is the result of an inconsiderate agricultural policy, which damaged the productive basis and the economy management structure. The innovative form of the economy management order stays at the stage of optimization search. There is no effective business owner of the land, the enterprises hasn't become more pro itable, the quality of production is low, the state constantly changes regulative priorities.

In this context the state doesn't have any agricultural social policy, although the labor productivity increases (see Table 4). The reason of such condition is the domination of interests of additional financial result acquisition over the interests of society, laborer, that's why we see that the production effects are higher than the effects of social order. The problem also lies in the state adjustment, which may be considered situational according to the motivation character.

The absence of guarantees of high income employment for the peasant as well as of considered state's policy towards this issue is again confirmed by even bigger connection of the branch to the export development model. Outer evaluation situation encourages this fact (Table 5).

Conclusions

We suppose that the situation will stay the same until the state support assures a balanced capacity of the inner market. For example in 2014 export contract on cereals was higher to the value of almost 50 USA dollars on the basis of one ton of production comparing with inner state level of prices. This and also the national currency rate represent with the help of market condition exactly such situation, within which export is more strategic comparing with inner agricultural production sale.

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