Organization of the innovative activity at the industrial enterprises of the Vologda region

The problems of organization of the innovative activity on the enterprises level. Analysis of the investments into the research and development of new products and technologies. The research of working efficiency in this field for the certain period.

Рубрика Экономика и экономическая теория
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 27.06.2018
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Organization of the innovative activity at the industrial enterprises of the Vologda region

Magrupova Zulfiya Mazgarovna

Annotation

Organization of the innovative activity at the industrial enterprises of the Vologda region

Magrupova Zulfiya Mazgarovna - candidate of economics, senior lecturer at economics chair in State educational institution of higher professional learning "Cherepovets State University" (Cherepovets), E-mail: economica@chsu.ru, mzm68@mail.ru.

The problems of the organizing of the innovative activity on the enterprises level are considered by this. The analysis of the investments into the research and development is given here as well as the research effectiveness for the certain period.

The comparative variable analysis of the management of research at the big metallurgical enterprise JSC "Severstal" is submitted here.

Key words: Innovations, innovation strategy models, strategy management of innovative activity, Cherepovets metallurgy holding, R&D investments, efficiency of innovative decisions, R&D organization at JSC "Severstal".

Content

Innovations are the special unit for manage what demand significant investment level, qualified technological capabilities, huge marketing arrangement. System approach is main request for innovative management. It defines intercommunications, interdependencies between organization units, necessity of direct and feedback links in managing structure, what could be estimated by investment effect, market stability outlook and working balances of further evolution of production.

It is significant that innovative potential considered as important factor of economic activity of the region. Vologda region is on 39th place in innovative seductiveness level. 35 industrial plants had made investments 3 last years, more than 60 % of them were self-made, others were cooperative. 25 % of industrial plants have completed innovative projects. Innovative activities of industrial plants of Vologda region have grown 3 times more last 5 years. Technological innovations cost by all activity types have risen by 5,7 times last 3 years, including new machinery buying in 7,2 times, new technology buying 9,5 times, production projection 6,7 times. It evidences finishing of innovative stagnation process and strengthening of investment-innovative industrial growth and appearing of stable tendency when investment growth becomes innovative.

At present the economic growth of the region must be based on innovative technology and projects only [1]. The organization and the management of innovative activity at enterprise level is the most important factor [2]. 3 main problems could be defined:

- enterprise managing innovations;

- managing process innovations and maintenance;

- innovations in intercommunication between science, industrial and education organization.

Modern managing methods could be divided into 3 groups:

- based on self-appraisal criterions;

- related to international standards usage.

Self-appraisal of enterprise provide accurate maintenance of law, continuous quality control, what allows to maintain the world level of quality of production process and application of technical and intellectual technologies. By this, international standards allow to comply European "sign of quality" [3].

Innovations in organization in the field of science, industry and education are based on next basic moments:

- target students education;

- contracts between universities and enterprises about specialists' training, what would be essential.

Under the conditions of development of innovative economy, the questions of technological renovation become urgent. It creates the number of tasks on making concrete proposals to create conditions which will promote the development of fundamental and practice researches, also industrial plant-based and acceleration of integration processes in science.

There is no common model of innovative enterprise strategy; also there is no common universal strategic innovative management. Each enterprise, acting in market economy, is individual by its characteristics. As a result, the strategy of innovation management maintenance is unique, its methods and models could be not extended to others. For example, mission of "Severstal" (Cherepovets' metallurgical holding) is to be one of the world leaders at ferrous metallurgy. Present position of company could be defined as "leaders' pursuit". It is necessary to develop as successful enterprises, using their experience at research activity to be between the world leaders. Important factor of success is active conquer of new materials and technologies market by intercommunication with consumers, scientific organizations (making targeted development of the market by stimulating consumers to use new technologies). Having own research centers is very important to achieve such results.

Cherepovets metal complex (CherMC) JSC "Severstal", rises every year investment value to R&D with understanding that innovative activity development is prior direction of strategy enterprise policy (picture 1).

Picture 1. R&D costs and implantation affordability at CherMC, thousand rubles

Also effectiveness of innovations rise (table 1).

Table 1. The effectiveness of CherMC in 2006 г.

Production

Number of projects

Costs (thousands of rubles)

Prospective affordability (thousands of rubles)

Affordability, %

Chemical-recovery production

5

2 000,00

3 561,50

178,08

Agglomeration production

4

0,00

32 633,99

-

Blast furnace production

7

3 050,00

1 020,20

33,45

Converter production

3

1 550,00

830,60

53,59

Prifiled iron production

3

2 980,00

12 080,20

405,38

Flat iron production-1

2

1 930,00

0,00

0,00

Flat iron production-2

5

3 800,00

16 122,36

424,27

Flat iron production-3

1

350,00

0,00

0,00

Cold production of flat iron

2

2 830,00

4 295,40

151,78

Quality management

2

2 300,00

0,00

0,00

Total:

34

20 790,00

70 544,25

339,32

Average on project:

1

611

2 075

339,32

Average ruble return rate in 2006 was 15.61 rubles. Organization of R&D at JSC "Severstal" could be characterized by next showing. There were completed over 2100 R&D projects, including about 1300 projects made by R&D institutes and universities last 20 years. The rate of available research works that have no world analogue lower than 3 % (tab. 1). In the beginning of 90s there was stopped financing of sectional science (sectional research institutes and sectional universities) from government budget (Department of ferrous metallurgy of the USSR). Creation attempts of non-budget sectional R&D fund, what were made by Department of industry of RF and few metallurgy enterprises (for example, there were attempt from JSC "MMC") were not successful.

Table 2

Number

R&D themes what execute present time.

Rate, %

1

New products and technologies researches (no world or native analogues)

3

2

New production mastering what correspond to technology strategy of product development (first time for "Severstal" by known analogues in RF and across the border by order of sales department

8

3

Perfection of consumer characteristics of existing products

31

4

Cost decrease and increase of production efficiency

39

5

Technology supply of production for incoming and reconstructing equipments and aggregates

5

6

The proposals on perfection of ecology and conditions of work

14

R&D themes

The end of financing of sectional research institutes and universities eliminated sectional science, staff losses, becoming out of date and destruction of research funds. Research activities at JSC "Severstal" reduced 19 times since 1989.

Research for new technology (for new products, having long life cycle in R&D set of CherMC JSC "Severstal") creation reduced from 60 % to 7-8 % in 1992-1995 and to 3 % in 2003-2006.

New products research before 90s made for JSC "Severstal" by known analogues at RF or across the board including by order of sales department defined as new product without analogues because there were no competition between companies inside the country. There was a tendency of research growth after 90s, and at the begin of 2006 it was near 8 %. Practice of new products research at the enterprise by known analogues at RF or across the board including by order of sales department became system characteristic. Besides, for realization of all researches for new product and technology creation with no analogues in native and world practice, there were used experimental and instrumental bases of sectional scientific institutes and universities.

R&D part made by scientists and specialists of sectional institutes and universities increased till 75 % since 2005, including realization of cooperation programs with CSRIs "Chermet", "Prometheus" and SPbSTU until 2011.Present time 85 R&D contracts active including 60 contracts with sectional SRI and sectional universities (70,6 %).

New product market appear delay for JSC "Severstal" means profit losses because of market occupation by competitors, there is low-length life-time character of research.

Authors of term define outlook research activity from next parts:

1. Work with consumers and consumers of consumers to analyze their outlook demands to create technology strategies (variants of technology evolution).

2. Realization of researches to achievement of new technologies.

3. Activity to automation and information for model research allowing forecast results of research.

Improvement of scientific research organization available by choose one of three variants, each of one have advantages and disadvantages (tab. 3).

Present time every industrial plant accomplish research activity by second variant, as more acceptable. It is possible to change research organization by first variant in outlook. innovative activity efficiency investment

Table 3. Comparison analysis of research organization variants for metallurgical holding "Severstal"

Research activity organization

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. Creation of own research center in company or buy of SRI as a foundation for creation of own base.

- leading maintenance in new product and technology research (reduce risk of information spread)

- operative management ability

- knowledge share inside company maintenance

- intellectual resources presence (people, experience, knowledge)

- lack of experience and information about similar institutes work in leading companies

- necessity of investments to develop laboratory base

- significant time period for center creation (equipment change could happen)

- costs for attraction outside specialists possible

- in case of work of SRI with other customers possibility of information spread appears

2. SRI attraction for realization of scientific researches, using their equipment for fundamental research realization. Realizing metallurgy market requirements

- lower financial costs then for own center creation

- intellectual and material resource presence(people, experience, equipment, knowledge)

- ability for experiments realization without production losses

- ability for business rivals benchmarking

- investments to development of laboratories are possible

- leaks possible

- dependence from SRI by time

- purchase of leading researches, optimization and anchor to holding abilities

3. Leading researches purchase, optimization and anchor to holding abilities

- financial costs lack to create own SRI or development of laboratory base;

- significant reduce of temporary costs to researches

- investments to development of laboratory base necessary

- leak possible

Innovative center of corporation could consist of scientific - research laboratory, experimentally - constructing service, practical units with pilot models, marketing service and quality management. In this case innovations will be generally accepted and necessary standard.

Outlook activity allows targeting development of market by stimulating consumers to accelerate implementation of new technologies, it also allows to rise seductiveness for western investors.

Literature and the sources

1. http://www.allmedia.ru/

2. www.vologda-oblast.ru/

3. Okrepilov, V. Quality of education // Izvestiy. - 2008. - № 191.

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