State Regulation of Cluster’ mesosystems in the structure of national economic

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State Regulation of Cluster' Mesosystems in the Structure of National Economic

Inna Savitska

The article summarizes international experience upgrading methodological approaches to the analysis of cluster mesoeconomical systems that occupy an intermediate position between the micro and macro levels of the national economy. The options for the introduction of specialized analytical procedures in the process of analysis of cluster mesosystems in the structure of the national economy are investigated. Special attention is paid to the sectoral and regional clusters. The description of the main stages of the life cycle of clusters of the sectoral and regional profiles is given. The purpose of functioning of cluster' mesosystems which is in the targeted attraction and using of resources of lower level system in order to reach the purpose of functioning of higher level system while using specific tools for the realization of the economic potential of the institutional units within mesoeconomical association is formulated.

mesoeconomics system, mesoeconomic production system, real economy' cluster, mesoeconomic territorial system, region cluster, post-industrial society, state regulation

У статті підсумовано досвід вдосконалення методологічних підходів до аналізу кластерних мезоекономічних систем. що займають проміжне положення між мікро- та макрорівнями національної економіки. Досліджено варіанти впровадження спеціалізованих процедур у процесі проведення аналізу кластерних мезосистем в структурі національної економіки. Особливу увагу приділено галузевим та територіальним кластерам. Описуються основні етапи життєвого циклу функціонування мезоструктур виробничого та регіонального профілю. Сформульовано мету функціонування кластерних мезоекономічних систем. яка полягає у цілеспрямованому залученні та організації використання ресурсів систем нижчого рівня з метою досягнення мети функціонування систем вищого рівня у ході застосування конкретних інструментів для реалізації економічного потенціалу інституційних одиниць у рамках мезоекономічних асоціацій.

мезоекономічна система, виробнича мезоекономічна система, кластер реальної економіки, мезоекономічна територіальна система, регіональний кластер, постіндустріальне суспільство, державне регулювання

Statement of the problem. A characteristic feature of the national economy (NE) as difficult organized in the conditions of modern development of productive forces of the system of production. distribution. redistribution. exchange and consumption of labor products among the participants in its social division is the integrative integrity. This feature of the system is implemented during the deployment of specific features NE as an organic whole that is manifested through the appearance of new properties in development. the formation of new types of integrity. the emergence of new structural levels and their hierarchical subordination. separation into components [6].

The implementation of the structural-functional approach to systemic research NE include the study of phenomena and processes occurring in it as a structurally divided integrity. in which each element has a definite specific functional purpose. From this point of view. the theoretical analysis of mesoeconomic systems. the role they play in the formation and development of a neo-institutional economy. is an essential element of a strategic approach to managing its national complex.

Analysis of recent researches and publication. Theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of the mesolevel of NE, beginning from the approach to this problem of Schumpeter, analyzed in detail in different sources [7; 12]. Their commonplace is that the characteristic feature of mesoeconomics is its bimodality, in which a single idea (general rule) is realized by a set of agents (actors).

Current approaches to the analysis of industry mesostructure system of NE commenced by Stuart Holland, who saw their purpose in implementing oligopolistic mediation between companies that are regulated by micro models, and macro aggregate of the national economy [14]. The concept was formulated in contrast to the so-called Harvard's “old school” analysis of the industrial organization NE, which was closely linked to the Keynesian tradition. The latter was to substantiate the need for intervention by the government in the process of forming a market environment at the appropriate level [9]. The basis of the action was based on the model of purposeful use of the objective relationship between the basic conditions (supply and demand), the structure (the number of sellers and buyers, product differentiation, cost structure, vertical integration, the level of conglomeration), behavior (price, product strategies, research and innovation, advertising, legal methods of activity) and efficiency (production, development, employment) in crisis activity [21].

Chicago tradition of analyzing an industrial organization, so called “New school” is presented in detail in works [13; 15; 22; 23]. The main argument in favor of the renewal approaches to industrial analysis, partly denied feasibility of large-scale state intervention, was proclaimed the ability of workers/businesses quickly adapt to changes imposed centrally and operate within production “rational expectations”. Most clearly revised approach was reflected in the works of Porter, who created about priority application of economic theory achievements in the field of strategic industry analysis (the concept of “five components of competitiveness”, value chain analysis “brilliant” of Porter) [18-20].

The general critique of the approaches of the “old” and “new” schools to the industrial/mesoeconomic analysis by the representatives of the “old” and “new” schools is the lack of attention paid to the issue of endogenous (as opposed to exogenous) institutional changes in the activities of industrial enterprises. Another area of study is a research of the main provisions of the strategy of territorial management, detailed analysis based on its specific directions of regional management concept as a set of institutional actors' quasicorporated formation [2; 4]. Carried out by the above-mentioned authors, solid, but isolated, studies of the functioning of mesoeconomic structures at the sectoral and territorial levels, cannot be the basis for the development of an effective policy of their state regulation. It is necessary to develop an integrated approach to understanding the peculiarities of the functioning of such universal structures. In our opinion, an administrative approach may consist in developing principles for regulating mesosystems as clusters in the structure of the national economy.

Objectives of the study is to generalize theoretical approaches to the analysis of the functioning of mesosystems in the structure of the NE, as well as to formulate the principles of state regulation of their development in Ukraine on the basis of the implementation of the cluster approach.

The main material. Independent levels of economic systems operating in the global economic environment, some authors [1, 7; 5] propose to consider: mega economic; sub economic; macroeconomic; mesoeconomic; microeconomic; nomoeconomic; nanoeconomic. As noted in [10; 11], the use of the term “mesoeconomics” to the need to develop analytical database study of dynamic changes of basic elements of economy evolves. According to the authors, from an evolutionary point of view, simple aggregation, gradual flow, mechanistic transformation of microeconomic processes into macroeconomic ones is impracticable. The introduction of the concept of “mesoeconomics” is explained not only by the need to classify certain economic phenomena that are not subject to the definition of microeconomic or macroeconomic [16], the need to analyze the nonequilibrium market structures, but also the ontological approach to the identification, taxonomy and conceptualization of dynamic building blocks of the national economic universe (Table 1).

Table 1 - Levels. elements and analysis tools of the market economy

Holding traditional analysis with tools of tabulation “input-output” (IOT) enables graphically illustrate the presence. power. and size mesoeconomic linkages between manufacturing industries/sectors of the national economy and using statistical methods of installation i.e. “mesofirm”. limited set which controls/holds a dominant position on the market a particular product industry/sector of the NE [17]. Usage of the IOT provides individuals who determine policy directions. information on: (a) the current status of the internal dynamics of the sectoral structure of the national economy; (b) preliminary data on the state of technical progress necessary to predict the future state of macroeconomics; (c) indicators to develop plans for medium-term macroeconomic indicators of productivity. output. employment. trade. investment. consumption. etc.

The pilot system analysis of the sectoral mesoeconomic cluster structure (SMСS), which predicted a reflection of the real sectoral situation in the environment of the theoretical model. was carried out on materials of the European construction industry (Fig. 1).

The evidence of the systematic research was made: (a) projecting of the mesoeconomic system as “an organized complex of the commercial and noncommercial relations of cooperation between industrial and institutional actors participating in economic activities to create the final product/services and managing its use throughout the lifecycle of the facility. which constantly evolves under the external influence of the medium of the mesostructure”; (b) determining the elements of the structure of the system and its environment; (c) establishing the level of competence and identification of the particular components of economic activity and life stages; (d) the description of costs (raw and materials). transformation processes and results (management of existing production structures) system.

Elements of the structure of the sectorial mesoeconomic cluster model

In practical terms, this means that while the formation of the results of activities at the level of the real sector of the production of vital goods, the materiality of the mesoeconomic impact structure on the level of final consumption of GDP of the NE is ensured by facilitating the interaction of economic agents, carried out in the environment of functioning transaction sector.

The object of analysis in this case is the process of saving money, as a result of the implementation of the system of regulation of mesoconstructions, due to the specification of property rights, the creation of organizational structures that ensure their effective exchange, comparison and cost savings that occur during the process. It covers the activities of two principal groups of institutions (supranational, state authorities and trade associations) to optimize financial, trade and information transactions in the process of overcoming “frictional forces in the economy”. which is objectively expressed in saving money to overcome obstacles to the transition of life blessings from their producers to consumers.

An important argument in favor of introducing a mesoeconomic approach to the analysis of an evolutionary economy at the regional level of the NE (regional mesoeconomic cluster system. RMCS) that if only basic microeconomic approaches or universal provisions of macroeconomic theories are used. it is impossible to explain the dynamics and sequence of actual changes that are logically are explained in the case of attracting the concept of “mesotrajectory of economic evolution” at the regional level. The latter arises in the form of management of the three-phase process of nucleation. diffusion. maintenance of updated standards of behavior of actors of microeconomic activity with the “correct recognition of the circumstances of activity” in the environment of the evolving macroeconomic system. cluster mesosystem national economic

Following the logic of the SMCS analysis. we will consider types of economic activity at the regional level all types of activities of financial and non-financial corporations whose task is to transfer the existing value of products/services. as well as institutional actors that form the gross value added (gross regional product. GRP): employed employees receiving compensation; employers and businesses that form the gross profit. mixed income; Tax authorities engaged in calculating net taxes on products. net other taxes on production and imports (without subsidies) in the GRP.

The components of SMCS are institutional actors will perform two basic types of consumer: individuals or groups that operate in a household; legal persons or public organizations that operate as corporations (financial and non-financial). non-profit

organizations and public administration.

The components of SMCS are institutional actors will perform two basic types of consumer: individuals or groups that operate in a household; legal persons or public organizations that operate as corporations (financial and non-financial). non-profit organizations and public administration.

For their participation. there are the processes of forming of the SMCS resource consumption (in the production of goods and services import activity). their use (intermediate and final consumption. gross. export activity). Statistical monitoring the activities of the actors may be based on the formation of the consolidated balance sheet of financial resources in the region (CBSFRR) [3].

Purpose and means of control of the economy of the region as an integrated economic formation significantly differ from the similar indicators of the corporate governance focused on its territory with business structures. If the purpose of the corporations of the strategic value-based management (VBM) is increasing the market valuation of business as a comprehensive measure of economic efficiency for its owners. for the regional economy such indicators are considered the calculated according to certain methods criteria of the efficiency of the socio-economic development. Thus. as the selective analysis of recent publications shows. there is some substitution of the formulation of goals of the development of the economic potential of the region methods of using more or less subtle tools of calculating quantitative values of the indicators. that in the present context. reflect not target. but only incident. residual. secondary parameters of the economic system of the region as a whole.

The modern concept of the use of the system of the national accounts at the regional level is based on the enlarged representation of the essence of the economic production and income. The mentioned methodology. unlike scorecard balance system of the economics. which was based on assigning to purely economic sphere of material production. includes in its composition a wider list of social activities.

The analysis of the relationship of institutional sectors is based on the generalization of opposing economic value streams that operate between them. Last reflect on the relationship between compensation value (goods. services. labor and assets) or transfer intersectional relationships without compensation.

Cost methods of evaluating the effectiveness of regional production activities require appropriate adjustment. They, unlike accounting and bookkeeping, statistical models must take into account parameters such as the value of capital. required rate of the profitability of its owners, the actual cash flows.

So, we recognize that the region is the territorial administrative unit of the unitary state of the country, which has a relatively complex set of separate natural, socio-economic, national, cultural and other conditions of heterogeneous technology enterprises and industries. Consistent reform of the regional economy, besides requiring the observance of a number of special conditions of exercise, can fully be based and successfully carried out only on the renewed paradigm of the region as quasi corporation.

An indicator of the effectiveness of the regional development (quasi corporation) as a major subject of property and economic activity, the member of competition in the markets for goods, services, capital cannot be only the value of gross regional product (GRP) and other indices that are narrowed calculated on its basis. Given the fact that the index of GRP cannot take into account the production of “non-market” goods, it may play limited role indicators of economic growth but not development. Intensive use of methods of economic (rather than financial) management of the development of the socio-economic system of the region as a whole, the purpose of which goes beyond the simple accumulation of resources and more associated with the optimization of institutional structure and reduced transaction expenses, provides the opportunity to maximize the usage and thus, the target growth of total assets, which are concentrated in the area.

Strategic development of regions in the first type is determined by factors of local importance - infrastructure, population, social, cultural features, and the possibilities of their usage for the formation of the economic model of production and services with high added value, taking into account trends in demand in the global market. For citizens, the value increase (competitiveness) of the region receives expression in the ability to provide employment, safety, high level of income and life. Valuation “bandwidth” (aggregate production, specialization, types of enterprises and businesses, the dominant form of ownership) of the region is formed in its major part as a result of the operation of enterprises related to the production types of economic activities (PEA) (total wages, comprehensive income and mixed income, the cost of “local market”, revenues from exports).

The source of the formation of a high level of competitiveness of the regions of the second type is the flow of regional transfers, as well as “non-market” part of the gross regional product (GRP) and its most important element - the regional gross value added (RGVA). Regional transfers include alternative sources of income, such as from the sale of assets to nonresidents, recalculation of pension and other social benefits, recalculation of migrant workers. Non-market component of RGVA provides receipt of public funds that can play a significant role for the region with limited abilities of self-development.

The evaluation of the economic value of the region, as noted above, can be fundamentally accomplished on the basis of the approach to measuring the value of investment active quasi corporate diversified company using the tools of corporate finance and the theory of management value. According to the published approach, the region is considered as an analogue of diversified holding company - the subject of competition in the market for goods, services, capital with a limited set of macroeconomic tools.

Conclusions and prospects for further researches

Based on the need of analysis, strategic development programming, suitable for the practical use seems to define the essence mesoeconomic system for five-level stratification system structure of the NE. Subsequently, based on the fact that the purpose of the mesoeconomic system is the goal of the system of higher level - the NE, and the baseline of its formation serving system lower level (institutional unit), meaning of its operation is the implementation of the specific means of effective development of the NE in the use of the economic potential institutional units within mesoeconomic association (SMCS. RMCS).

This occurs at HMS microeconomic potential association governed mainly by means of centralized extraterritorial impact, and RMCS is intended to include in its membership both vertically integrated corporate formations and market local corporations. Emphasis of the SMCS and RMCS and cluster systems, requires the removal of the negative consequences of dismantling the institutions of centralized management.

Prospects for further research are in the plane of developing effective options for the formation of stable participants in the composition, internal factors and the nature of the development trajectory of mesoeconomic cluster systems in the structure of the national economy, envisaging a wide variety of relations to regulation between them.

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