Development and structural features of rural settlements in Aran economic-geographical region of Azerbaijan

Source: Population of Azerbaijan, Baku 2017, p.73; 77-79.

Yevlakh administrative district is the 9th in the number of villages in the rural settlement system of Aran economic region. This administrative-territorial share unit accounts for 46 or 5.8% of all economic district villages. According to the statistics as of 01.01.2017, 58.3 thousand people or 4.7% of the rural population of the economic region lived in these villages. The average size of the villages was 1267,4 people, significantly lower than the average economic district (1571.4 people). According to the 2009 Census, the population in the structure of villages is dominated by 201-500 with 13 villages (28.6%), with 1001-2000 people still in 13 villages (28.6%) and 12 villages with a population of 501 - 1000. (26.0%). There are no small and large villages registered (more than 3000) in the administrative district. The villages were distributed unevenly in the Yevlakh region. The main parts of the villages are the eastern part of the administrative district, especially the Kurboyu and Upper Karabakh canals, and the areas major concentrated rate impact of the Yevlakh-Mingachevir industrial junction. Intensive rural settlements are formed in the northwest and southwest parts of the administrative region. The functions performed by the villages are cotton-growing, vegetable growing, grain growing and cattle-breeding.

Aghjabadi and Saatli administrative regions occupy 10th and 11th places with the same specific weight (5.4%) in the rural settlement structure of the economic district. As Table 2 shows, 83.7 thousand people (6.7%) live in 43 villages of Aghjabadi and 85.7 thousand people (6.9%) live in so many villages in Saatli. The average size of villages is 1946.5 persons in Aghjabadi, and in Saatli is 1993 persons significantly exceeds the average economic indicator. This may be explained by the fact that the village s of these regions have a better socioeconomic base and favorable economic and geographical position. According to the 2009 Census, the demographic potential of the villages is dominated by villages with a population of 501-1000 and 1001-2000. In Aghjabadi, these two categories belong to 58.1% of all villages and 67.4% in Saatli. The largest village of Aghjabedi is Avsar (5989 people) and Garanuru (6,259) in Saatli. The main rural settlements are the Karabakh Plains, the foothills, the Upper Karabakh Canal and the Kurboyu, and the right coast of the Araz in Saatli and the northeastern parts of the district.

The economic bases of the villages of both administrative regions include cattle breeding, cotton growing, gardening, horticulture, etc. contane.

Zardab region is occupaid 12th by the number of villages in the economic settlement system. It accounts for 40 villages or 5.1% of this type of settlements. As can be seen from Table 2, 45.9 thousand people or 3.7% of the population of the economic district live in these villages. The average number of villages is 1177.5 thousand people, which is much less than the average economic region. According to the 2009 Census, 14 villages (35%) with a population of 1001-2000 people and 13 villages with a population of 501-1000 (32.5%) prevail in the structure of rural settlements. The number of villages with a population of 201-500 is 9, which is 22.5% of all administrative district villages. The main villages are covered the left coastal areas of the Kura River. Rural population is virtually uninhabited due to the widespread use of salinities and swamps in the areas of the General Shirvan collector. The production and economic function of the villages is mainly cattle breeding, cotton growing, fruit growing, grain growi ng and vegetable growing.

According to the number of villages in the Ujar administrative district, the economy is ranked 13th in the rural settlement system. Ujar district is represented by 29 villages or 3.7% in the rural district of the economic district. In these villages, 68,800 persons or 5.5% of the population of the economic region live. By the average size of the villages (2372.4 people), it occupies a leading position, significantly differing from the economic average (1571.4). There are two large villages with a population of over 5,000 (2009). These are villages of Bargushad (6017 people) and Gazyan (6,162 people). There are 6 villages with a population of 3001-5000 people. In the structure of rural settlement, the number of villages with a population of 501-1000 and 1001-2000 is 7 and 8, respectively, representing 24.1% and 27.6%. Baku-Tbilisi rail and highways are the areas where large villages are located. Generally, villages were distributed evenly throughout the district. Their main functions are cotton-growing, fruit-growing and cattle breeding.

The next three places in the Aran economic region are Beylagan, Bilasuvar and Hajigabul administrative districts with the same indicators. There are 25 villages in each of them. The share of each of them in the economic region is 3.2%. According to the data of 2017, 56,600 people (4.6%) live in Beylagan villages, 36,600 (2.9%) in Hajigabul, 78.3 thousand (6.3%) in Bilasuvar. According to the average population in the economic district, the largest villages are in the Bilasuvar territorial division. The average size of the villages is 3132,0 people. The largest villages are Khurmandali (8541 people) and Beydili (5761 people) (2009). In the Beylagan district, the villages of the First Shahsevan (7968 people) and the Dunyamallar(6630 people), with a population of more than 5,000 people. The rural population in the Beylagan district is dominated by villages with a population of 501-1000 (28%) and 1001-2000 (28%). In the Bilasuvar region, villages with a population of 3001-5000 people (36%) and a population of 1001-2000 people (20%) prevail. As can be seen from the figures in Table 1, villages in the Hajigabul region have a population of 201-500 (32%) and 6 villages (28%) with a population of 2001-3000. The major rural settlements in Beylagan are the Karabakh plain, which covers the left bank of the Araz River and the right bank of the Upper Karabakh canal. The main production and economic functions of the villages are cattle breeding, cotton growing and grain growing. The main distribution areas of the villages in Bilasuvar are the surroundings of the irrigation canal named after Azizbeyov. Here, the main production and economic function of the villages is cattle breeding, cotton growing, grain growing and vegetable growing. The main rural settlements in the Hajigabul region are Kurboyu areas. The main activities of the rural population are horticulture, pomegranate, horticulture(melon and gourd growing), etc. areas. [3,2018]

According to 2017, 1241,400 people or 26.9% of the corresponding figure in the country are living in rural areas of the economic region. The average size of villages in the economic region is 1571.4 people, which is much higher than the average national figure (1,085.5 people). This is due to the fact that the economic district has a better demographic and socio-economic base. The Kura and Araz rivers and irrigation canals also played an important role in the formation of rural habitat for administrative areas in the economic region. The development of irrigated agriculture in hot, dry climates, and the more favorable development of cotton growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing and cattle-breeding stimulated the formation of river bank and dense rural habitat. This factor also contributed to the formation of the largest villages due to their demographic potential. Production and economic functions performed by the villages of the economic region are mainly cotton growing, dry subtropical fruit production, pomegranate farming, gardening, and cattle-breeding. Although the share of cotton production in the structure of rural production functions has decreased over the years of independence, its share in recent years (after 2015) has been increasing. [8,pp.14-20]. Separate settlement ranges can be viewed in the following map-scheme.

Population in Aran Economic District, 2009

Agriculture is one of the main areas of economic activity in Aran economic district. Fruits growing, vegetables growing, grain growing, potatoes, grapes, melons and cattle breeding play a leading role in this area. As a result of consecutive and purposeful agrarian reforms, there is evidence of dynamic growth in the production of most agricultural products in the region. The main purpose of state regulation measures for the development of grain growing and the payment of the population of the country for such products is the establishment of domestic markets and provision of security. The main part of the population's provision of products is the account of grain production. The increasing of productivity in cattle breeding productivity it is directly related to the development of crop growing. Provision of the population with necessary supplies is one of the main priorities in the economic policy of the state. Due to the urgency of this issue, they have already begun the second phase of reform in the areas of concern in order to deepen some of the relationships in the sector especially agrar section [4]. Approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 640 dated 2 March 2001.The implementation of the measures envisaged in the Azerbaijan Republic's Extreme Security Program has led to the effective implementation of supply-chain work in the country. The development of cotton farming is of strategic importance in the development of the agro-industrial complex and in ensuring socio-economic development. One of the labor-intensive sectors in agriculture is the expected to develop, of the cotton industry, and play an important role in increasing the employment of both rural and urban residents, providing initial and light industry services with small and medium-sized jobs. There are both natural and socio-economic aspects of cotton growing in the socio-economic period. Firstly, cotton growing is carried out on irrigated soils, which is why there are necessary conditions in the region. First of all, there are favorable conditions for developing entrepreneurship in cotton growing, which contributes to the strengthening of integration between different fields of activity. [7,pp.40-53]. Given the prevailing rural population in the region, it is essential to determine the prospects for agricultural development in the optimization of the socio-economic situation. Given that the economic region is the largest agricultural region of the country, it is advisable to create agricultural machinery. The light industry is closely linked to agriculture, which provides plant-based raw materials (cotton, linen, hemp, etc.) and cattle-breeding raw matearials (leather, fur, silk, etc.). Such territorial ratios should be created within and between intersectoral complexes, which will help to effectively use local opportunities and address socioeconomic problems. It is advisable to create small enterprises for the processing and storage of agricultural products, consumer goods, including light and food industries in order to attract a large part of the rural population to public production. In other words, the development of the areas of activity promotes the growth of employment and normal demographic development in rural areas. It is possible to improve the material and moral well-being of the rural population by involving all the potential possibilities into the economy, positively affecting the efficient use of labor re sources, contributing to GDP growth in the country, preventing rural outflow from rural areas and preventing migration problems.

Result. 1. The size of the villages in the Aran economic region may be explained by the larger population, and the more favorable natural and geographical conditions, economic and demographic development of these settlements. Development of labor-intensive cotton, favorable transportation- geographical location of two republic junctions of the republic, which is adjacent to the Baku-Sumgait industrial junction,opportunities to sell agricultural products in Baku's capital region, etc. This stimulated the demographic potential of the villages of the Aran economic district to be larger than the average republic. 2. As productive forces rise, mechanization of agricultural labor increases its intensity and productivity as a result of improved energy supply, formation of agro -industrial complexes, multilateral industrial-economic labor, cultural and domestic, transport links between Azerbaijan and rural areas fundamental quantitative and qualitative changes have been and are being made in the rural settlement system of its regions [5,p. 455]. 3. The vast opportunities of the non-oil sector of Azerbaijan create a real basis for sustainable economic development. In the Aran economic district, which has a large land fund, the country produces cotton, grapes, grains, fruits and vegetables, potatoes, and so on. It is possible to significantly increase the volume and cost of production due to the attraction of investments in this area through the creation of agroparks.

References

1. Census of the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2010). 2009 I. Baku, 629 p. (in Azerbaijani)

2. Population of Azerbaijan, Statistical bulletin. State Statistical Committee.(2017). Baku, 134 p. (in Azerbaijani)

3. Regions of Azerbaijan. Statistical summary. The State Statistics Committee.(2018). Baku. (in Azerbaijani)

4. State Program “Socio-Economic Development of the Regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (2014-2018). (2014). Baku, Law Collection. (in Azerbaijani)

5. RM Mammadov, ZN Eminov, NH Ayyubov.(2016). "Realities of population geography: dynamics of development, settlement, resources and perspectives". On the Ways of Independence - 25, p. 382-489, Baku, 627 pp. (in Azerbaijani)

6. NH Ayyubov, N. Pashayeva.(2018). "Features of development and regulation of the natural growth of the rural population of Azerbaijan". Bulletin of ANAS, Volume V, No. 4, pp. 41-47, Baku 67 p. (in Azerbaijani)

7. V. Abbasov, F. Mikayilov, V. Jafarova, A. Shabanova.(2015). Current status and development priorities in the Aran economic region. Research Institute for Economic Reforms of the Ministry of Economy and Industry of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Features and problems of economic reforms in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Collection of scientific works, XV issue, Baku, 224c, pp. 40-53 (in Azerbaijani)

8. Passport of Aran Economic Region, Ministry of Economic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan.(2015). Baku, p. 5-20, 64s. http: //www.ier.az. (in Azerbaijani).

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