ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà ñòàíó çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè çàêëàäàìè çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè ñ³ëüñüêèõ òà ì³ñüêèõ íàñåëåíèõ ïóíêòàõ

Àíàë³ç çì³í ó ì³ñòîáóä³âí³é ïîë³òèö³ òà ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó Óêðà¿íè. Ðîçãëÿä îñâ³òí³õ ³ííîâàö³é, ùî âïðîâàäæóþòüñÿ ó íàâ÷àëüíî-âèõîâíèé ïðîöåñ íîâî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ øêîëè. Çíàéîìñòâî ç ïèòàííÿìè ïîøèðåíîñò³ çàõâîðþâàíü ñåðåä ä³òåé øê³ëüíîãî â³êó.

Ðóáðèêà Ýêîíîìèêà è ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ
Âèä ñòàòüÿ
ßçûê óêðàèíñêèé
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ 22.10.2020
Ðàçìåð ôàéëà 3,8 M

Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

Ðàçìåùåíî íà http://www.allbest.ru/

ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà ñòàíó çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè çàêëàäàìè çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè ñ³ëüñüêèõ òà ì³ñüêèõ íàñåëåíèõ ïóíêòàõ

Ïàâëåíêî Í.Ï., Ìàõíþê Â.Ì.

Ó ñòàòò³ ïðåäñòàâëåíî ã³ã³ºí³÷íó îö³íêó ñòàíó çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè çàêëàäàìè çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè (ÇÇÑÎ), ùî âèçíà÷ຠñêîðî÷åííÿ ³ñíóþ÷èõ çàêëàä³â òà â³äñóòí³ñòü áóä³âíèöòâà íîâèõ ÇÇÑÎ. Çà ïðîâåäåíèìè äîñë³äæåííÿìè ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ïî÷àòêîâèõ øê³ë òà ê³ëüêîñò³ ä³òåé ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó ïîêàçàëî íåâïèííå ñêîðî÷åííÿ ÇÇÑÎ òà ïðèð³ñò ä³òåé ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó ó äèíàì³ö³.  Óêðà¿í³ ñïîñòåð³ãàºòüñÿ ³íòåíñèâíå áóä³âíèöòâî ëèøå æèòëà, áåç áóä³âíèöòâà ÇÇÑÎ, ùî ïîðóøóº ïðèíöèï ïðîïîðö³éíîñò³ ¿õ áóä³âíèöòâà. Âèñâ³òëåíî çàáåçïå÷åí³ñòü ÇÇÑÎ ôóíêö³îíàëüíèìè çîíàìè íà òåðèòî𳿠òà ¿õ îñíàùåííÿ. Íàäàíî íîâ³ ïðèíöèïè îñâ³òíüî¿ ïðîãðàìè «Íîâî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ øêîëè» (ÍÓØ). Âñòàíîâëåíî âïëèâ ù³ëüíèõ óìîâ ÇÇÑÎ çà îïîñåðåäêîâàíèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè àðõ³òåêòóðíî-ïëàíóâàëüíèõ ð³øåíü òà ïîã³ðøåííÿ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ³ çíèæåííÿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³. Âèçíà÷åíî, ùî â óìîâàõ ³ñíóþ÷î¿ ù³ëüíî¿ ì³ñüêî¿ çàáóäîâè, ñó÷àñíî¿ ì³ñòîáóä³âíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ãîñòðî¿ ïîòðåáè ó íîâèõ ì³ñöÿõ ó ÇÇÑÎ òà çá³ëüøåííÿ íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà ³ñíóþ÷³ ÇÇÑÎ, ïèòàííÿ áóä³âíèöòâà íîâèõ ÇÇÑÎ íåîáõ³äíî âðåãóëþâàòè íà äåðæàâíîìó ð³âí³ çàäëÿ çáåðåæåííÿ òà çì³öíåííÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ä³òåé ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó.

Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: çàêëàäè çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè, ä³òè ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó, ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ çîíè ÇÇÑÎ, îñâ³òíÿ ïðîãðàìà ÍÓØ.

Hygienic assessment the state of securityof the children's population of ukraine by general secondaryeducation institutions in rural and urban settlements

Pavlenko Nataliia, Makhniuk Valentyna

The article presents a hygienic assessment of the state of provision of the child population of Ukraine with of general secondary education, which means the reduction of existing institutions and the lack of construction of new general secondary education. Studies on the ratio of the number of primary schools and the number of children of primary school age have shown a steady decline in the number of primary school and an increase in the dynamics of primary school children. In Ukraine, there is intensive construction of only housing, without the construction of general secondary education, which violates the principle of proportionality of their construction.

The provision of schools with functional zones on the territory and their equipping are covered. It is established that the main fund of schools was built in the 60-90s of the last century. According to the town-planning legislation, schools are objects of public service of the housing population and must be located within walking distance. According to the results of the assessment of the conditions for the location of the existing schools within the residential quarters, it was found that there is a rapid compaction of the territory, especially urban ones. This indicates an increase in population density, and thus an increased in the load on existing schools and the need to build new ones.

The current situation directly affects the sanitary and hygienic conditions in existing schools and the psychophysiological condition, especially of primary school students. New principles of the educational program of the "New Ukrainian School" are given. The influence of dense conditions of schools on indirect indicators of architectural and planning decisions and deterioration of state of health and decrease in working capacity is established. It was determined that in the conditions of the existing dense urban development, modern urban planning, the urgent need for new places in general secondary education and increasing of load on existing schools, the construction of new schools should be regulated at the state level to preserve and strengthen the health of primary school children.

Keywords: general education institutions, primary school-aged children, functional zones of GEIs, educational program of NUS.

 Óêðà¿í³ â³äáóâàþòüñÿ ñóòòºâ³ çì³íè ó ì³ñòîáóä³âí³é ïîë³òèö³ òà ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó. Ö³ çì³íè ïðèçâåëè äî óù³ëüíåííÿ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè ì³ñò, à â³äòàê ï³äâèùåííÿ ù³ëüíîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ â í³é. Ïðè ïðîåêòóâàíí³ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè â³äì³÷àºòüñÿ â³äñòàâàííÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñîö³àëüíîþ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðîþ, çîêðåìà áóä³âíèöòâà ÇÇÑÎ. ϳä ÷àñ êîð³ííèõ ïåðåòâîðåíü ³ ðåôîðì ó ñôåð³ îñâ³òè çì³íþºòüñÿ ñèñòåìà îñâ³òè. Îñâ³òí³ ³ííîâàö³¿, ùî øèðîêî âïðîâàäæóþòüñÿ ó íàâ÷àëüíî-âèõîâíèé ïðîöåñ íîâî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ øêîëè, âèìàãàþòü íîâèõ ï³äõîä³â äî ïëàíóâàííÿ òåðèòî𳿠ÇÇÑÎ òà ïðîåêòóâàííÿ ¿õ áóä³âåëü.

Îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ îíîâëåííÿ ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ âèìîã ùîäî ïðîåêòóâàííÿ ÇÇÑÎ â óìîâàõ ñó÷àñíî¿ ì³ñòîáóä³âíî¿ ïðàêòèêè çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè âñåá³÷íîãî âèâ÷åííÿ òà îö³íêè îñâ³òí³õ ³ííîâàö³é, ôàêòè÷íîãî ñòàíó ³ñíóþ÷èõ ÇÇÑÎ, äîñë³äæåííÿ ïñèõîôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ñòàíó â óìîâàõ íàâ÷àëüíîãî çàêëàäó, îáóìîâèëî àêòóàëüí³ñòü íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ.

Àíàë³ç îñòàíí³õ äîñë³äæåíü ³ ïóáë³êàö³é. Çàáóäîâà æèòëîâèõ êâàðòàë³â çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ³íòåíñèâíî, ³ â ïåðøó ÷åðãó íà íàéá³ëüø ïðèâàá-ëèâèõ òåðèòîð³ÿõ íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü. Äëÿ ðîçì³ùåííÿ íîâèõ ÇÇÑÎ, ÿê³ ïîâèíí³ áóäóâàòèñü îäíî÷àñíî ç æèòëîâèìè êâàðòàëàìè, â³ëüíî¿ òåðèòî𳿠íå çàëèøàºòüñÿ [1; 2; 5]. Ïèòàííÿ áóä³âíèöòâà çàêëàä³â çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè (ÇÇÑÎ) çàâæäè ðîçãëÿäàëèñÿ ÿê ïèòàííÿ äåðæàâíî¿ òà ñóñï³ëüíî¿ çíà÷èìîñò³. Ïîòðåáóº ³íâåíòàðèçàö³¿ (ïåðåãëÿäó) ³ñíóþ÷³ íîðìàòèâè ïîêàçíèê³â àðõ³òåêòóðíî-ïëàíóâàëüíèõ ð³øåíü ïðè ïðîåêòóâàíí³ ÇÇÑÎ, ÿê³ áóëè ðîçðîáëåí³ ó ðàäÿíñüê³ ÷àñè ³ íå çàçíàëè çì³í [3; 4; 5].

Âèä³ëåííÿ íå âèð³øåíèõ ðàí³øå ÷àñòèí çàãàëüíî¿ ïðîáëåìè. Ó ñó÷àñíèõ äîñë³äæåííÿõ ïðèä³ëÿºòüñÿ óâàãà ïèòàííÿì ïîøèðåíîñò³ çàõâîðþâàíü ñåðåä ä³òåé øê³ëüíîãî â³êó òà ¿õ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ [Ìàõíþê Â.Ì., Ïàâëåíêî Í.Ï., 2017-2020]. Ðåçóëüòàòè àíàë³çó çà îçíà÷åíîþ ïðîáëåìîþ çàñâ³ä÷èëè íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïðîâåäåííÿ êîìïëåêñíîãî âèâ÷åííÿ ñï³ëüíèõ äëÿ ñàí³òàðíîãî òà ì³ñòîáóä³âíîãî çàêîíîäàâñòâà ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ êðèòåð³¿â òà âèçíà÷åííÿì ¿õ âïëèâó íà ïñèõîô³ç³îëîã³÷íèé ñòàí ó÷í³â ìîëîä-øîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó.

Ìåòà ñòàòò³. Ãîëîâíîþ ìåòîþ ö³º¿ ðîáîòè º âèâ÷åííÿ çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ çàêëàäàìè çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè ó ñ³ëüñüêèõ òà ì³ñüêèõ íàñåëåíèõ ïóíêòàõ òà äîñë³äæåííÿ ïñèõîåìîö³éíîãî ñòàíó ó÷í³â ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó â ³ñíóþ÷èõ ÇÇÑÎ çà âèçíà÷åíèìè ã³ã³ºí³÷íèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè.

Âèêëàä îñíîâíîãî ìàòåð³àëó. ³äïîâ³äíî äî ðåôîðìè îñâ³òè, ÿêà ïåðåäáà÷ຠâïðîâàäæåííÿ ÍÓØ ³ âñòóïèëà â ä³þ ç âåðåñíÿ 2018 ðîêó ïåðåäáà÷åíî çì³íè, ÿê³ âïðîâàäæóþòüñÿ â ÇÇÑÎ, â òîìó ÷èñë³ â ³ñíóþ÷èõ. Êëþ÷îâà çì³íà äëÿ ó÷í³â ïîëÿãຠó çì³í³ ï³äõîä³â äî íàâ÷àííÿ òà çì³ñòó îñâ³òè. Äëÿ öüîãî ïåðåäáà÷åíî çì³íó ïðîñòîðîâî-ïðåäìåòíîãî îòî÷åííÿ, ïðîãðàìè òà çàñîá³â íàâ÷àííÿ. Ïåðåäáà÷åíî çá³ëüøåííÿ ÷àñòêè ïðî åêòíî¿, êîìàíäíî¿, ãðóïîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìîá³ëüíèõ ðîáî÷èõ ì³ñöü, âèêîðèñòàííÿ íîâèõ ²Ò-òåõíîëîã³é, íîâèõ ìóëüòèìåä³éíèõ çàñîá³â íàâ÷àííÿ, ùî ïîòðåáóº ðîçøèðåííÿ îñâ³òíüîãî ïðîñòîðó [6]. Çà íîâèìè ðåêîìåíäàö³ÿìè ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ çîíè ïðèøê³ëüíî¿ òåðèòî𳿠ïîâèíí³ âðàõîâóâàòè ëàíäøàôòí³ îñîáëèâîñò³ ì³ñöåâîñò³, ïåðåäáà÷àòè ðîçìåæóâàííÿ çîí çà â³êîâèì öåíçîì òà îáëàøòóâàííÿ ¿õ ñó÷àñíèì îáëàäíàííÿì, ùî âèìàãຠâíåñåííÿ çì³í äî íîðìàòèâíî¿ áàçè äåðæàâíèõ áóä³âåëüíèõ íîðì, ùî ñòîñóþòüñÿ íàáîðó òà ïëîù ïðèì³ùåíü øêîëè òà ïðèøê³ëüíî¿ òåðèòîð³¿.

Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè îö³íêè óìîâ ðîçì³ùåííÿ ³ñíóþ÷èõ ÇÇÑÎ â ìåæàõ æèòëîâèõ êâàðòàë³â áóëî âèÿâëåíî, ùî â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ñòð³ìêå óù³ëüíåííÿ òåðèòîð³é, îñîáëèâî ì³ñüêèõ. Çàçíà÷åíå ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî çá³ëüøåííÿ ù³ëüíîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ, à â³äòàê çá³ëüøåíå íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà ³ñíóþ÷³ ÇÇÑÎ òà ïîòðåáó ó áóä³âíèöòâ³ íîâèõ. Ñèòóàö³ÿ, ùî ñêëàëàñü, áåçïîñåðåäíüî âïëèâຠíà ñàí³òàðíî- ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ óìîâè â ³ñíóþ÷èõ ÇÇÑÎ òà ïñèõîô³ç³îëîã³÷íèé ñòàí, îñîáëèâî ó÷í³â ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó.

Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè àíàë³çó äàíèõ ùîäî çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè ÇÇÑÎ [7] çà ïåð³îä íåçàëåæíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî çà 30-ð³÷íèé ïåð³îä ê³ëüê³ñòü øê³ë çìåíøèëàñü íà 30% (7 òèñ. çàêëàä³â). Ëèøå çà 2017-2018 ðð. â êðà¿í³ çàãàëüíà ê³ëüê³ñòü ÇÇÑÎ çìåíøèëàñü íà 678 (4,03%), ó 2019 ðîö³ íà 200 øê³ë (1,3%), ç íèõ 246 ÇÇÑÎ ÷åðåç àâàð³éíèé ñòàí òà ïîòðåáó ó ïðîâåäåíí³ êàï³òàëüíîãî ðåìîíòó, ç íèõ 241 (1,4%) äåðæàâíî¿ òà 5 (2,9%) ïðèâàòíî¿ ôîðì âëàñíîñò³, ïðè öüîìó ê³ëüê³ñòü ó÷í³â çà îñòàíí³ òðè ðîêè çá³ëüøèëàñü íà 323 òèñ. (ðèñ. 1).

Äîñë³äæóþ÷è ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ïî÷àòêîâèõ øê³ë òà ê³ëüêîñò³ ä³-òåé ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó áóëà âèÿâëåíà ðîçá³æí³ñòü ì³æ ê³ëüê³ñòþ øê³ë ² ñòóïåíÿ, ÿêà çìåíøóºòüñÿ â äèíàì³ö³, òà ê³ëüê³ñòþ ó÷í³â ìîëîäøèõ êëàñ³â, ÿêà íåâïèííî çðîñòàº, ðèñ. 2.

Âðàõîâóþ÷è, ùî çà ì³ñòîáóä³âíèì çàêîíîäàâñòâîì ÇÇÑÎ º ãðîìàäñüêèì îá'ºêòîì ³ º îáîâ'ÿçêîâèì ñóïðîâ³äíèì åëåìåíòîì äëÿ ñåëü- áèùíî¿ çàáóäîâè ç ðîçì³ùåííÿì ó ï³øîõ³äí³é äîñòóïíîñò³, ¿õ áóä³âíèöòâî ïîâèííî ïðîâîäè- òèñü ïàðàëåëüíî ³ç æèòëîâîþ çàáóäîâîþ. Çà ñàí³òàðíî-åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íîþ îö³íêîþ ãåíåðàëüíèõ ïëàí³â ì³ñò òà çà ñòàòèñòè÷íèìè äàíèìè âèÿâëåíî, ùî â Óêðà¿í³ ³íòåíñèâíî áóäóºòüñÿ ëèøå æèòëî (10 ìëí. ì2) ³, ÿê íàñë³äîê, ïðèíöèï ïðîïîðö³éíîñò³ áóä³âíèöòâà íîâèõ æèòëîâèõ áóäèíê³â òà íîâîçáóäîâàíèõ ÇÇÑÎ ãðóáî ïîðóøåíî. Îòæå, ñó÷àñíà çàáóäîâà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü ñòàëà íåêîíòðîëüîâàíîþ, õàîòè÷íîþ, íåîá-´ðóíòîâàíî óù³ëüíåíîþ ³ ïîòðåáóº âðåãóëþâàííÿ íà äåðæàâíîìó ð³âí³, ðèñ. 3.

Äîñë³äæóþ÷è äàíå ïèòàííÿ ó ì. Êèºâ³, âèÿâëåíî, ùî çà ïåð³îä 20 ðîê³â ïîáóäîâàíî 28,6 ìëí. ì2 æèòëà, ïðè öüîìó ëèøå 35 øê³ë (770 òèñ. ì2), òîáòî 10599 íàâ÷àëüíèõ ì³ñöü. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ïåðåâàíòàæåí³ñòü ó ³ñíóþ÷èõ ÇÇÑÎ ïî ì³ñòó Êèºâó ñêëàäຠáëèçüêî 11,3%.

Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàì³êà çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè ÇÇÑÎ çà ïåð³îä 1991-2019 ðîê³â

Ðèñ. 2. Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ÇÇÑÎ ² ñòóïåíÿ (îäèíèöü) òà ê³ëüêîñò³ ä³òåé (ìëí. îñ³á) ïî÷àòêîâî¿ øêîëè ïî Óêðà¿í³ ó 2000-2019 ðîêàõ

øê³ëüíèé åêîíîì³÷íèé ïîë³òèêà

Ðèñ. 3. ʳëüê³ñòü æèòëà (ìëí. ì2) ïðèéíÿòîãî â åêñïëóàòàö³þ â Óêðà¿í³ ó ïîð³âíÿíí³ ³ç ÇÇÑÎ (òèñ. ì2) çà ïåð³îä 2012-2019 ðð.

Ðèñ. 4. Äèíàì³êà ê³ëüêîñò³ ó÷í³â 1 êëàñó (ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïðîãíîçîâàíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â) ó Êèºâ³

Ðèñ. 5. Çàáåçïå÷åí³ñòü ì³ñüêèõ òà ñ³ëüñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ôóíêö³îíàëüíèìè çîíàìè, îäèíèöü

Íà ñüîãîäí³, âðàõîâóþ÷è âèñîêèé òåìï æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè â ì. Êèºâ³ íàïîâíþâàí³ñòü êëàñó ïî÷àòêîâî¿ øêîëè ÇÇÑÎ ñòàíîâèòü â³ä 32 äî 43 ó÷í³â (ó ì³ñòàõ-ñóïóòíèêàõ ñòîëèö³ â³ä 34 äî 40 ó÷í³â) ³ äåô³öèò ì³ñöü ó ÇÇÑÎ ñêëàäຠ57500 ì³ñöü, ùî ñòàíîâèòü 4% (³ç ðîçðàõóíêó 135 ì³ñöü íà 1000 îñ³á äîðîñëîãî íàñåëåííÿ), ïðè äåô³öèò³ øê³ë ó 57 çàêëàä³â (148,2 ãà) ³ ïîòðåáà çðîñòຠêîæíîãî ðîêó â ñåðåäíüîìó íà 1000 ì³ñöü (ðèñ. 4).

Îñíîâíèé ôîíä ÇÇÑÎ ñêëàäàþòü áóä³âë³ ïîáóäîâàí³ ó 60-80 ðîêàõ ìèíóëîãî ñòîë³òòÿ, àáî ïîáóäîâàí³ ïîíàä 20 ðîê³â íàçàä, á³ëüø³ñòü ç íèõ ïîòðåáóº êàï³òàëüíîãî ðåìîíòó òà îíîâëåííÿ ìàòåð³àëüíî-òåõí³÷íî¿ áàçè. Çà îñòàíí³ äåñÿòü ðîê³â â Óêðà¿í³ ïîáóäîâàíî òà ïðèéíÿòî â åêñïëóàòàö³þ ëèøå 35 ÇÇÑÎ: ó 2010 ð.- 3, ó 2011 ð. - 3, ó 2012 ð. - ó 2013 ð. - 9, ó 2014 ð. - 5 ³ ó 2015 ð. æîäíîãî ÇÇÑÎ íå áóëî ïðèéíÿòî â åêñïëóàòàö³þ, ó 2016-2019ðð. -- 10. Ó çâ'ÿçêó ç öèì â Óêðà¿í³ çàíÿòòÿ ó äâ³ çì³íè ïðîâîäÿòüñÿ ó 447 (3%) ÇÇÑÎ, â ÿêèõ íàâ÷àºòüñÿ ó äðóãó çì³íó 61452 (1%) ó÷í³â. Çàïðîâàäæåííÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ó äðóãó çì³íó ïðèçâîäèòü äî ïî÷àòêó íàâ÷àííÿ ç 8.00 äëÿ ó÷í³â ïåðøî¿ çì³íè, òà ç 14.00 -- äðóãî¿. ßêùî âðàõóâàòè òèæíåâå íàâ÷àëüíå íàâàíòàæåííÿ, òî ç äðóãî¿ çì³íè ä³òè ïîâåðòàþòüñÿ ó 19.30-20.00, ùî àâòîìàòè÷íî âèêëþ÷ຠìîæëèâ³ñòü ¿õ â³äïî÷èíêó òà çàíÿòòÿ ñïîðòîì àáî ³íøîþ ïîçàíàâ÷àëüíîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ.

Çàáåçïå÷åí³ñòü ÇÇÑÎ ôóíêö³îíàëüíèìè çîíàìè íà òåðèòî𳿠òà ¿õ îñíà-ùåí- íÿ òàêîæ íåçàäîâ³ëüíå. Íà ñüîãîäí³ ³ç 15500 ÇÇÑÎ ìàþòü ô³çêóëüòóðíó çàëó 12724 (82%); áàñåéí -- 238 (1,5%); íàâ÷àëüíî-äîñë³äí³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 5866 (38%); íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 4987 (32%); ï³äñîáíå ãîñïîäàðñòâî -- 265 (1,7%); áóëè çàáåçïå÷åíí³ öåíòðàëüíèì îïàëåííÿì (àáî âëàñíà êîòåëüíÿ) -- 13441 (87%), ³íøå îïàëåííÿ -- 2059 (13%); âîäîã³í -- 12934 (83%), ó òîìó ÷èñë³ ç ãàðÿ÷îþ âîäîþ -- 8232 (53%); ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ìàëè ¿äàëüíþ (áóôåò) ç ãàðÿ÷èì õàð÷óâàííÿì -- 13782 (89%).

²ç çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ó ì³ñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ô³çêóëüòóðíó çàëó ìàëè 4368 (85%); áàñåéí -- 201 (4%); íàâ÷àëüíî-äîñë³äí³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 2782 (54%); íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 1869 (36%); ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ìàëè ¿äàëüíþ (áóôåò) ç ãàðÿ÷èì õàð÷óâàííÿì -- 4595 (90%).

²ç çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ó ñ³ëüñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ô³çêóëüòóðíó çàëó ìàëè 7586 (73%); áàñåéí -- 44 (0,43%); íàâ÷àëüíî-äîñë³äí³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 5184 (49%); íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷³ ä³ëÿíêè -- 3118 (32%); áóëè çàáåçïå÷åíí³ öåíòðàëüíèì îïàëåííÿì (àáî âëàñíà êîòåëüíÿ) -- 9368 (90%), ³íøå îïàëåííÿ -- 1017 (9,8%); âîäîã³í -- 9218 (88%), ó òîìó ÷èñë³ ç ãàðÿ÷îþ âîäîþ -- 5123 (49%); ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ìàëè ¿äàëüíþ (áóôåò) ç ãàðÿ÷èì õàð÷óâàííÿì -- 9467 (91%), ðèñ. 5.

Ñë³ä çàçíà÷èòè, ùî ñó÷àñíèìè îñâ³òÿíñüêèìè ïðîãðàìàìè íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷à òà íàâ÷àëüíî-äîñë³äíà çîíè, ÿê³ âõîäÿòü äî ñêëàäó 32% (4987 ÇÇÑÎ) òà 38% (5866 ÇÇÑÎ) íåçàòðåáóâàí³ ³ çíàõîäÿòüñÿ ó íàï³âçðóéíîâàíîìó ñòàí³, ùî ñòàíîâèòü íåáåçïåêó òðàâìàòèçìó ñåðåä øêîëÿð³â íà òåðèòî𳿠ïðèøê³ëüíîãî ìàéäàí÷èêà. Òîìó íàìè îá´ðóíòîâàíî óíîðìóâàííÿ öèõ çîí ÿê «ðåêîìåíäîâàí³» íà çàì³íó «îáîâ'ÿçêîâ³» òà çàïðîïîíîâàíî ïåðåäáà÷àòè íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷ó òà íàâ÷àëüíî- äîñë³äíó çîíè çà ³íäèâ³äóàëüíèìè ïðîåêòàìè áóä³âíèöòâà (îêðåìèì çàâäàííÿì íà ïðîåêòóâàííÿ) ç âðàõóâàííÿì ñïåö³àë³çàö³¿ ÇÇÑÎ.

Ïðè ïðîâåäåíí³ àíàë³çó ñòàíó çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ äèòÿ÷îãî íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè ÇÇÑÎ, áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî â³äñóòí³ñòü äàíèõ ùîäî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ÇÇÑÎ ìåäè÷íèì áëîêîì àáî ìåäè÷íèì êàá³íåòîì, à òàêîæ ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü â øòàò³ ÇÇÑÎ ìåäè÷íîãî ïåðñîíàëó, ùî âèêëþ÷ຠìîæëèâ³ñòü ñâîº÷àñíî¿ ìåäè÷íî¿ äîïîìîãè ó÷íÿì, îñîáëèâî ìîëîäøîãî øê³ëüíîãî â³êó.

Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè ïðîâåäåíîãî àíêåòóâàííÿ áàòüê³â øêîëÿð³â 1-4 êëàñó ùîäî âïëèâó óìîâ ÇÇÑÎ çà îïîñåðåäêîâàíèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè àðõ³òåêòóðíî-ïëàíóâàëüíèõ ð³øåíü òà òðèâàëîñò³ ïðîãóëÿíîê ³ ïåðåáóâàííÿ â øêîë³ çàñâ³ä÷èëè íàñòóïíå. Ïðè íåâ³äïîâ³äíîñò³ îñíîâíèõ ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ïëàíóâàëüíîãî õàðàêòåðó, äî ÿêèõ áóëè â³äíåñåí³: ïëîùà íàâ÷àëüíîãî ïðèì³ùåííÿ, òðèâàë³ñòü ³íñîëÿö³¿ íàâ÷àëüíîãî ïðèì³ùåííÿ, òðèâàë³ñòü ïåðåáóâàííÿ ó÷í³â ó øêîë³, òðèâàë³ñòü ïðîãóëÿíîê, ñòâîðþâàëèñü óìîâè â ÇÇÑÎ óïðîäîâæ íàâ÷àëüíîãî ðîêó, ÿê³ âïëèâàëè íà ïîã³ðøåííÿ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ òà çíèæåííÿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ øêîëÿð³â. Òàê, ïîã³ðøåííÿ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ðåºñòðóâàëîñü ó 26,3% ó÷í³â (ã<0,78), ïðè íåäîñòàòíîñò³ ïëîù³ íàâ÷àëüíîãî ïðèì³ùåííÿ, çíèæåííÿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ â³äì³÷àëîñü ó 18,75% øêîëÿð³â (ã<0,88).  õîä³ äîñë³äæåíü áóëî âèçíà÷åíî ïðÿìèé çâ'ÿçîê ì³æ ù³ëüíèìè óìîâàìè (íåäîñòàòí³ñòþ òðèâàëîñò³ ³íñîëÿö³¿ íàâ÷àëüíîãî ïðèì³ùåííÿ, â³äñóòí³ñòþ ïðîãóëÿíîê íà ñâ³æîìó ïîâ³òð³, ïåðåáóâàííÿ ó÷íÿ â øêîë³ ïîíàä ïðîòÿãîì 8 ãîäèí) òà ïîã³ðøåííÿì ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ³ çíèæåííÿì ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ (ð<0,001), ðèñ. 6, 7.

Ðèñ. 6. Ïèòîìà âàãà ó÷í³â 1-4 êëàñ³â ³ç ïîã³ðøåííÿì ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ó ì³ñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ç ù³ëüíèìè óìîâàìè, ó %

Ðèñ. 7. Ïèòîìà âàãà ó÷í³â 1-4 êëàñ³â ³ç çíèæåííÿì ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ ó ì³ñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ç ù³ëüíèìè óìîâàìè, ó %

Òàêèì ÷èíîì, â óìîâàõ ³ñíóþ÷î¿ ù³ëüíî¿ ì³ñüêî¿ çàáóäîâè, ñó÷àñíî¿ ì³ñòîáóä³âíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ãîñòðî¿ ïîòðåáè ó íîâèõ ì³ñöÿõ ó ÇÇÑÎ òà çá³ëüøåííÿ íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà ³ñíóþ÷³ ÇÇÑÎ íåîáõ³äíî ïèòàííÿ áóä³âíèöòâà íîâèõ ÇÇÑÎ âðåãóëþâàòè íà äåðæàâíîìó ð³âí³

Âèñíîâêè

1. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî â Óêðà¿í³ çà îñòàíí³ 30 ðîê³â ìåðåæà øê³ë ñêî-ðîòèëàñü íà 26% (ó 1990 ð. - 21,8 òèñ. ó 2018 ð.- 16,2 òèñ.), â òîé ÷àñ, êîëè ê³ëüê³ñòü ó÷í³â ïî÷àòêîâî¿ øêîëè çà îñòàíí³ 10 ðîê³â çá³ëüøèëàñü íà 34% (2009 ð. -- 224800 ó÷í³â, ó 2019 ð. -- 301200 ó÷í³â).

2. Âèÿâëåíà äèñïðîïîðö³ÿ ó áóä³âíèöòâ³ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè òà ÇÇÑÎ, ùî îáóìîâëþº äîäàòêîâå íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà âæå ³ñíóþ÷èé ôîíä øê³ë. ßê íàñë³äîê, â ³ñíóþ÷èõ ì³ñüêèõ 26,7% ÇÇÑÎ òà ó 4,5% ñ³ëüñüêèõ ÇÇÑÎ ðîáîòà çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ó 1,5-2 çì³íè, ùî óñêëàäíþº äîòðèìàííÿ ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ òà ïðîòèåï³äåì³÷íèõ âèìîã.

3. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî îñíîâíèé ôîíä ÇÇÑÎ ïîáóäîâàíèé ó 60-90 ðîêàõ ìèíóëîãî ñòîë³òòÿ. Çà ì³ñòîáóä³âíèì çàêîíîäàâñòâîì ÇÇÑÎ º îá'ºêòàìè ãðîìàäñüêîãî îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ íàñåëåííÿ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè ³ ïîâèíí³ ðîçì³ùóâàòèñü ó ï³øîõ³äí³é äîñòóïíîñò³, ïðîòå íà 10 ìëí. ì2 çàãàëüíî¿ ïëîù³ ïîáóäîâàíîãî æèòëà áóäóºòüñÿ â ñåðåäíüîìó 50 òèñ. ì2 ÇÇÑÎ, ùî ïîðóøóº ïðèíöèï ïðîïîðö³éíîñò³ áóä³âíèöòâà íîâèõ æèòëîâèõ áóä³âåëü òà íîâîçáóäîâàíèõ ÇÇÑÎ ³ ìຠáóòè âðåãóëüîâàíî íà äåðæàâíîìó ð³âí³.

4. Ðåçóëüòàòè àíêåòóâàííÿ áàòüê³â øêîëÿð³â 1-4 êëàñó ùîäî âïëèâó ù³ëüíèõ óìîâ ÇÇÑÎ çà îïîñåðåäêîâàíèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè àðõ³òåêòóðíî-ïëàíóâàëüíèõ ð³øåíü çàñâ³ä÷èëè íàñòóïíå, ùî ïðè

íåäîñòàòíîñò³ ïëîù³ ïðèøê³ëüíîãî ìàéäàí÷èêà ïîã³ðøåííÿ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ðåºñòðóâàëîñü ó 26,3% ó÷í³â (ã<0,78), çíèæåííÿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ -- ó 18,75% øêîëÿð³â (ã<0,88). Âèçíà÷åíî ïðÿìèé çâ'ÿçîê ì³æ ù³ëüíèìè óìîâàìè ó ÇÇÑÎ òà ïîã³ðøåííÿì ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ ³ çíèæåííÿì ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³ (ð<0,001).

Ñïèñîê ë³òåðàòóðè

1.Ïàâëåíêî Í.Ï., Ìàõíþê Â.Ì., Ãîçàê Ñ.Â. Ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ óìîâè äëÿ ä³òåé â ³ñíóþ÷èõ òà ïðîåêòîâàíèõ çàãàëüíîîñâ³òí³õ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ Óêðà¿íè. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Êè¿â, 2017. Âèï. 66. Ñ. 228-235.

2.Ïàâëåíêî Í.Ï. ó㳺í³÷í³ ïèòàííÿ íîðìóâàííÿ îá'ºìíî-ïëàíóâàëüíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â áóä³âíèöòâà çàãàëüíîîñ¬â³òí³õ çàêëàä³â â Óêðà¿í³ òà êðà¿íàõ ºâðîïåéñüêîãî ñîþçó. ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü : çá. íàóê. ïð. Êè¿â, 2019. Âèï. 68. Ñ. 33-42.

3.Ñàâ÷åíêî Î. Ïî÷àòêîâà îñâ³òà â êîíòåêñò³ ³äåé íîâî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ øêîëè ³ ó÷í³â. Æóðíàë «'Äèðåêòîð øêîëè, ã³ìíà糿, ë³öåþ». 2018. ¹ 2. Ñ. 4-10.

4.Êîíäðàòåíêî Ë.Î. Ïñèõîëîã³ÿ ïåðâèííî¿ øê³ëüíî¿ íåóñï³øíîñò³: ìîíîãðàô³ÿ. ×åðí³ã³â : Äåñíà Ïîë³ãðàô, 2017. 488 ñ.

5.Machniuk V.M., Polka O.O., Pavlenko N.P., Chorna V.V., Klimenko G.V., Tarasova N.M. Research of the factors influencing the health of rural and urban schoolchildren studying at secondary educational institutions by sanitary- hygienic indicators // Hygiene and ecology in state regulation of urban planning / edited by the corresponding member of NAMS of Ukraine N.S. Polky. Êè¿â : Âèäàâíèöòâî: ÌÂÖ «Ìåä³íôîðì», 2020. Ð. 114-127.

6.Ãðèíåâè÷ Ë. Íîâà óêðà¿íñüêà øêîëà : îñíîâè Ñòàíäàðòó îñâ³òè. Ëüâ³â, 2016. 64 ñ.

7.Äåðæàâíà ñëóæáà ñòàòèñòèêè Óêðà¿íè. Ñòàòèñòè÷íà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/

References

1.Pavlenko, N.P., Makhnyuk, V.M., & Gozak, S.V. (2017). Sanitarno-hihiienichni umovy dlia ditei v isnuiuchykh ta proektovanykh zahalnoosvitnikh navchalnykh zakladakh Ukrainy [Sanitary and hygienic conditions for children in existing and projected secondary schools of Ukraine]. Hygiene of populated, areas, vol. 66, pp. 228--235.

2.Pavlenko, N.P. (2019). Hihiienichni pytannia normuvannia obiemno-planuvalnykh pokaznykiv budivnytstva zahalnoosvitnikh zakladiv v Ukraini ta krainakh yevropeiskoho soiuzu [Hygienic issues of standardization of volume-planning indicators of construction of secondary schools in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union]. Hygiene of populated places, vol. 68, pp. 33-42.

3.Savchenko, O. (2018). Pochatkova osvita v konteksti idei novoi ukrainskoi shkoly i uchniv [Primary education in the context of the ideas of the new Ukrainian school and students]. Journal "Director of school, gymnasium, Lyceum", no. 2, pp. 4-10.

4.Kondratenko, L.O. (2017). Psykholohiia pervynnoi shkilnoi neuspishnosti [Psychology of primary school failure]. Chernihiv: Desna Polygraph. (in Ukrainian)

5.Machniuk, V.M., Polka, O.O., Pavlenko, N.P., Chorna, V.V., Klimenko, G.V., & Tarasova, N.M. (2020). Vyvchennia faktoriv vplyvu na zdorovia silskykh ta miskykh uchniv u zakladakh osvity za sanitarno-hihiienichnymy pokaznykamy umov provedennia ta orhanizatsii navchannia [Research of the factors influencing the health of rural and urban schoolchildren studying at secondary educational institutions by sanitary-hygienic indicators]. Hihiiena ta ekolohiia v derzhavnomu rehuliuvanni mistobuduvannia [Hygiene and ecology in state regulation of urban planning]. Kyiv: Medinform.

6.Hrynevych, L. (2016) Nova ukrainska shkola: osnovy Standartu osvity [New Ukrainian school: basics of the Education Standard]. Lviv. (in Ukrainian)

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  • Çíà÷åííÿ íàñåëåííÿ â åêîíîì³ö³ ³ ñîö³àëüíîìó ðîçâèòêó ãîñïîäàðñòâà Óêðà¿íè. Àíàë³ç ôîðìóâàííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó òðóäîâèõ ðåñóðñ³â. Äåìîãðàô³÷íà ñèòóàö³ÿ â êðà¿í³ òà ¿¿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà. Àíàë³ç ïîêàçíèê³â ðóõó íàñåëåííÿ. Îö³íêà òðóäîâèõ ðåñóðñ³â Óêðà¿íè.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [1,7 M], äîáàâëåí 29.04.2019

  • Îö³íêà òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêî¿ åêîíîì³êè â êîíòåêñò³ ñâ³òîâî¿ åâîëþö³¿ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïàðàäèãì. Çâ’ÿçîê ì³æ âïðîâàäæåííÿì ó âèðîáíèöòâî íàóêîâî-òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ³ííîâàö³é ³ äîâãîñòðîêîâèìè êîëèâàííÿìè öèêë³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó åêîíîì³÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â.

    íàó÷íàÿ ðàáîòà [35,9 K], äîáàâëåí 11.03.2013

  • Ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íà ñóòí³ñòü, îñíîâí³ ôóíêö³¿ òà ñòðóêòóðà çàêëàä³â îñâ³òè â Óêðà¿í³. Îñíîâí³ îñîáëèâîñò³ ðîçâèòêó òà ðîçì³ùåííÿ îñâ³òí³õ çàêëàä³â â Óêðà¿í³. Àêòóàëüí³ ïðîáëåìè òà íàïðÿìè óäîñêîíàëåííÿ, ðîçâèòêó ðîçì³ùåííÿ çàêëàä³â îñâ³òè.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [92,8 K], äîáàâëåí 11.11.2013

  • Ñóòí³ñòü åêîíîì³÷íî àêòèâíîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Äèíàì³êà çì³í çàéíÿòîãî ³ áåçðîá³òíîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Çä³éñíåííÿ ïîë³òèêè çàéíÿòîñò³ äåðæàâíèìè îðãàíàìè óïðàâë³ííÿ íà îñíîâ³ ñèñòåìíîãî ï³äõîäó. Ïðîïîçèö³¿ ùîäî óäîñêîíàëåííÿ ñòðóêòóðè äåðæàâíî¿ ïîë³òèêè Óêðà¿íè.

    ðåôåðàò [20,0 K], äîáàâëåí 22.10.2015

  • Îñíîâí³ ðèñè ñîö³àëüíî¿ ïîë³òèêè ñó÷àñíî¿ Óêðà¿íè. ̳ñöå ñîö³àëüíîãî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ â ñîö³àëüí³é ïîë³òèö³. Ñîö³àëüí³ àìîðòèçàòîðè. Ñèñòåìîòâîð÷èé õàðàêòåð ñîö³àëüíî¿ ïîë³òèêè. Ñîö³àëüíèé çàõèñò íàñåëåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³, ïðîãðàìè òà ìåòîäè éîãî çä³éñíåííÿ.

    ðåôåðàò [30,0 K], äîáàâëåí 10.12.2008

  • Àíàë³ç îñíîâíèõ òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîã³÷íèõ ï³äõîä³â äî âèçíà÷åííÿ ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó Óêðà¿íè çà óìîâ ñèñòåìíèõ òðàíñôîðìàö³é. Êêîíêðåòèçàö³ÿ ïð³îðèòåò³â òà çàâäàíü äåðæàâíîãî ðåãóëþâàííÿ ç óðàõóâàííÿì â³ò÷èçíÿíîãî òà çàðóá³æíîãî äîñâ³äó.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [215,9 K], äîáàâëåí 20.03.2009

  • Îö³íêà ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó â ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ Óêðà¿íè. Àíàë³ç ñó÷àñíîãî ñòàíó ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó çà ð³çíèìè ãàëóçÿìè ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ òà ðåã³îíàìè. Îñíîâí³ ïðîáëåìè ³ ¿õ àêòóàëüí³ñòü íà ñüîãîäí³øí³é äåíü, ïåðñïåêòèâí³ íàïðÿìêè ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó.

    íàó÷íàÿ ðàáîòà [49,8 K], äîáàâëåí 16.12.2014

  • Îö³íêà ñó÷àñíîãî ñòàíó ðèíêó õàð÷îâî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³. Îñíîâí³ àñïåêòè ïðîáëåìè ïðîäîâîëü÷î¿ áåçïåêè Óêðà¿íè íà ñó÷àñíîìó åòàï³ ðîçâèòêó. Çàïðîïîíîâàíî øëÿõè ïîêðàùàííÿ ñèòóàö³¿. Âèÿâëåíî óìîâè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ð³âíÿ äîñòàòíîñò³ ñïîæèâàííÿ õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â.

    ñòàòüÿ [1,3 M], äîáàâëåí 21.09.2017

  • Çàéíÿò³ñòü íàñåëåííÿ ÿê ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íå ÿâèùå, îö³íþâàííÿ ¿¿ ð³âíÿ. Ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷í³ é äåìîãðàô³÷í³ ³íäèêàòîðè âïëèâó íà ïðîöåñ ðåãóëþâàííÿ çàéíÿòîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ. Àíàë³ç ñòðóêòóðíèõ çðóøåíü òà ð³âíÿ çàéíÿòîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ, îö³íêà ôàêòîðíîãî âïëèâó.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [414,9 K], äîáàâëåí 10.01.2017

  • Òåîðåòè÷í³ îñíîâè òà ïðèíöèïè ñòàòèñòè÷íîãî âèâ÷åííÿ çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ âîäíèìè ðåñóðñàìè ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè. Ãîëîâí³ ïîêàçíèêè äëÿ âèâ÷åííÿ äàíîãî ïàðàìåòðó. Êðèòå𳿠ïðîâåäåííÿ îö³íêè òà àíàë³çó çàáåçïå÷åíîñò³ âîäíèìè ðåñóðñàìè ð³çíèõ ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè.

    êîíòðîëüíàÿ ðàáîòà [31,3 K], äîáàâëåí 07.12.2014

  • Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ íàö³îíàëüíèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ ³íòåðåñ³â. Äîâãîñòðîêîâ³ ïåðåäóìîâè òà ôàêòîðè ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó. Ïîâíîö³ííå âõîäæåííÿ Óêðà¿íè ó ñâ³òîâèé ³íôîðìàö³éíèé ïðîñò³ð, ¿¿ ó÷àñòü â ãëîáàëüíèõ ïðîöåñàõ ñâ³òó ³ ïð³îðèòåòè ó çîâí³øí³é ïîë³òèö³.

    ðåôåðàò [1,0 M], äîáàâëåí 18.05.2011

  • Îñíîâí³ òåíäåíö³¿ ðîçâèòêó ðèíêó îñâ³òí³õ ïîñëóã. Ñóòí³ñòü ìîäåë³ â³äêðèòî¿ îñâ³òè ÿê ðåçóëüòàòó åâîëþö³éíîãî øëÿõó ðîçâèòêó ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿ ñêëàäîâî¿ îñâ³òè ëþäèíè. Îñíîâí³ ïðèíöèïè äèñòàíö³éíî¿ îñâ³òè, ¿õ ñïåöèô³÷í³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè.

    ñòàòüÿ [51,4 K], äîáàâëåí 31.08.2017

  • Îêðåñëåíî îñíîâí³ ïðîáëåìè ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ íà ñ³ëüñüêèõ òåðèòîð³ÿõ. Âèçíà÷åíî îá'ºêòèâíó íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïð³îðèòåòíîñò³ ïåðåâîäó àãðàðíî¿ åêîíîì³êè íà ³ííîâàö³éí³ çàñàäè. Ðîçðîáëåíî îñíîâí³ îð³ºíòèðè ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó ñ³ëüñüêèõ òåðèòîð³é.

    ñòàòüÿ [75,5 K], äîáàâëåí 11.09.2017

  • Ñóòí³ñòü, ôîðìè òà ñêëàäîâ³ ñîö³àëüíîãî çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ. Àíàë³ç ñòàíó çàéíÿòîñò³ ³íâàë³ä³â, ìîëîä³ òà æ³íîê, ì³ñüêîãî òà ñ³ëüñüêîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Ïåðñïåêòèâí³ íàïðÿìè äåðæàâíî¿ ñîö³àëüíî¿ ïîë³òèêè ùîäî çàéíÿòîñò³ ñîö³àëüíî íåçàõèùåíèõ âåðñòâ íàñåëåííÿ.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [509,2 K], äîáàâëåí 16.03.2011

  • Óêðà¿íà â ì³æíàðîäíèõ ðåéòèíãàõ ëþäñüêîãî ðîçâèòêó. Äèíàì³êà ³íäåêñó ëþäñüêîãî ðîçâèòêó â Óêðà¿í³. Ñåðåäíüîì³ñÿ÷íà çàðîá³òíà ïëàòà ïî ðåã³îíàõ Óêðà¿íè. Ðåã³îíàëüíà àñèìåòð³ÿ ó íàäàíí³ ñîö³àëüíî¿ äîïîìîãè. Ñó÷àñí³ ïðîáëåìè ó ñôåð³ çàéíÿòîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ.

    ðåôåðàò [1,8 M], äîáàâëåí 20.11.2010

  • Ðîëü ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ó ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó ðåã³îí³â. Ìåòà ðîçðîáêè òà åòàïè ôîðìóâàííÿ ðåã³îíàëüíî¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ïðîãðàìè, çä³éñíåííÿ ¿¿ ìîí³òîðèíãó òà îö³íêà ðåçóëüòàòó âïðîâàäæåííÿ. Ïðîáëåìè çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é ó ðåã³îíè Óêðà¿íè.

    ðåôåðàò [76,8 K], äîáàâëåí 29.10.2013

  • Íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïðîâåäåííÿ ðåôîðì äëÿ ïåðåõîäó Óêðà¿íè äî êðà¿í ç ðèíêîâîþ åêîíîì³êîþ. ²ííîâàö³¿ é ³ííîâàö³éíèé øëÿõ ðîçâèòêó - ðóø³éíà ñèëà, ùî ñïðîìîæíà çàáåçïå÷èòè åêîíîì³÷íó íåçàëåæí³ñòü Óêðà¿íè. Îñíîâí³ ðèñè ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ìîäåë³ ðîçâèòêó åêîíîì³êè.

    ñòàòüÿ [19,7 K], äîáàâëåí 09.09.2010

  • Àíàë³ç ïðîöåñó ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íèõ, à òàêîæ ìåíòàëüíèõ çì³í ó Ðîñ³éñüê³é ³ìïå𳿠ïðîòÿãîì ïîðåôîðìåíîãî ïåð³îäó (1861–1917 ðð.), ç àêöåíòîì íà òðàíñôîðìàö³éíèé âïëèâ êàï³òàë³çìó â³äíîñíî æèòåë³â òà ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè ϳâäíÿ Óêðà¿íè. Ñòðóêòóðà íàñåëåííÿ.

    ñòàòüÿ [22,5 K], äîáàâëåí 17.08.2017

  • Ïîíÿòòÿ òà ïîêàçíèêè ð³âíÿ æèòòÿ. Åêîíîì³÷íà ñóòü ïîíÿòòÿ „ð³âåíü æèòòÿ íàñåëåííÿ”. Ïîêàçíèêè, ÿê³ çàñòîñîâóþòüñÿ äëÿ âèì³ðó ð³âíÿ æèòòÿ íàñåëåííÿ. гâåíü ³ ÿê³ñòü æèòòÿ íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè òà ïðîáëåìè ¿õ îö³íêè. Øëÿõè ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ æèòòÿ â Óêðà¿í³.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [193,0 K], äîáàâëåí 10.03.2007

  • Ðîëü äåìîãðàô³÷íèõ ïåðåäóìîâ â ðîçì³ùåíí³ òà ðîçâèòêó ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñèë. Äåìîãðàô³÷íà ñèòóàö³ÿ Óêðà¿íè: ñó÷àñí³ ïðîáëåìè òà ïåðñïåêòèâè. Äèíàì³êà ÷èñåëüíîñò³ òà ñêëàäó íàñåëåííÿ. ̳ãðàö³éí³ ïðîöåñè. Äåìîãðàô³÷í³ ïåðñïåêòèâè Óêðà¿íè òà äåðæàâíà ïîë³òèêà.

    êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà [356,1 K], äîáàâëåí 16.02.2008

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