Theoretical principles of evaluation of efficiency of state regulation-sustainable development

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Theoretical principles of evaluation of efficiency of state regulation-sustainable development

Buryk Z.M.

Buryk Z.M. Candidate of Sciences in Public Administration, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Regional Administration and Local Self-Government of the TheLviv Regional Institute of Public Administration National. Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine)

Summary. In the scientific article investigated approaches to the interpretation of the essence of "efficiency", "the effectiveness of state regulation". The scientific typologies of the effectiveness of state regulation of sustainable development are presented. We propose our own typology of the effectiveness of state regulation of sustainable development, which consists of: economics; efficiency / performance (efficiency); effectiveness (cost-effectiveness); Effectiveness (effectiveness, goal-effectiveness, ), the system of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the state regulation of sustainable development of Ukraine is formed.

Keywords: state regulation, public administration, efficiency, evaluation, sustainable development.

Problem solving in general and its connection with important scientific or practical tasks

In order to realize the concept of sustainable development, the effectiveness of state regulation of economic, social and environmental processes becomes of paramount importance, which leads to balance and sustainability. Accordingly, the theoretical basis for the assessment of the effectiveness of state regulation of sustainable development is needed for detailed scientific development.

An analysis of recent research and publications, which initiated the solution of this problem, on which the author is rely

Problematic issues in the methodology of evaluating the effectiveness of public administration, state regulation and state influence are paid attention of such foreign scholars as: J. Khola, R. Leickert, G. Wright, G. Emerson and others. The research of various aspects of the manifestation and analysis of the assessment of the efficiency of public administration was also paid to domestic scientists, in particular, it concerns the following areas of scientific research, such as: the political orientation of the effectiveness of public administration in the context of power-party interaction (works by S. Seryogina, P. Nadolishniy, B. Rebkal and B. Gaevsky); The influence of democratic processes on the efficiency of public administration (N. Nyzhnyk, V. Melnychenko); influence on improving the efficiency of public administration of a well-established system of decisionmaking (working out by M. Lesechko and A. Chemerys, V. Bakumenko, N. Nyzhnyk and S. Mosov, A. Serant); optimization of the management structure (V. Averyanov, O. Obolensky and V. Soroko). The following foreign scientists assessed the sustainable development of the state and the state influence on sustainable development: Volkery A., Jacob K., Sen A, CarewReid J., Prescott-Allen R., Bass S. Dalal-Clayton B. and domestic scientists: Omarov Sh., Ilchenko V., DuginetsG., Danylyshyn B., Doroguntsov S., Zgurovsky M. and others. Isolation of previously unsolved parts of the general problem, which this article are dedicated to.

However, these scientists have not been offered ways to assess the effectiveness of the processes of state regulation of sustainable development.

Formulating the goals of the article (statement of the task)

The purpose of the article is to classify the types of efficiency of state regulation of sustainable development and to develop a system of criteria for its evaluation.

Presentation of the main research material

The concept of efficiency fundamentally managerial, which correlates the result (effect) of the activity with the intended purposes or according to the spent administrative resources. Therefore, sometimes distinguish efficiency as an absolute property (effect) and efficiency as a property of relative (actual efficiency). Efficiency characterizes the result (effect) in terms of optimality of the use of resources material, financial, labor, information.

It should be noted that the assessment of the effectiveness of state regulation of the sustainable development of Ukraine will differ somewhat from the effectiveness of public administration (since the notion of "state regulation" is wider than the concept of "state administration", and is closely linked to the forms of public administration), which is determined, as it is a complex of measures of the state aimed at directing the behavior of market entities (individuals and legal entities) in the direction necessary to achieve the goals set by state authorities (state regulation the activity of the state, which is organize the activities of participants in public relations in order to ensure its compliance with the requirements of the law and achieve the desired balance of public and private interests), in contrast to public administration, which determines the activities of the targeted organizational influence of the subject of management on the object management (in the organization of the practical implementation of laws as the subject of public administration, as well as other participants in social relations in pure form, is used in those areas of society where necessary to ensure implementation of priority public interest and the objectives of the state, as a universal organization of society, endowed with public authorities).

That is, taking into account that the management will mean the targeted influence on the objects of management, using methods that involve the subordination of these objects to managerial influence on the part of the subject of management.

The regulation is related not so much to the impact on the objects of management, but on the environment. It involves a high degree of alternative behavior of managed objects, and accordingly key indicators in defining the effectiveness of state influence will be the goals and measures of state regulation (goals and activities), as well as the results of the development of individual spheres of life.

In general, evaluation of processes and evaluation of the results of public administration efficiency (or regulation) can be distinguished. Assessment of processes involves the study of what is happening in the management process (evaluation of efficiency). It is used in the early stages of management to improve it. The evaluation of results refers to the final results of management and their significance, the achievement of the goal (evaluation of the effectiveness). If in the process of evaluating the main attention is paid to the involvement of the participants, the proposed activities, measures implemented, practice, then the evaluation of the results emphasizes what happened after the implementation of the system (complex) of measures. In particular, this approach is adhered to by scientist W. Weiss.

This classification is supplemented by L. Palom, which complements these subspecies by another one and distinguishes the following types of assessments of the effectiveness of public administration: needs assessment, process evaluation and evaluation of results. Needs assessment involves identifying problems, tracking the environment and collecting information about new needs of citizens. The process evaluation is devoted to what happens within a particular program or project in the process of their implementation or implementation of any activity, determines its strengths and weaknesses.

Evaluating the results examines the impact of certain government-management actions, such as what happened after an implementation of a program or policy. This is a difficult task, because often the consequences are obviously and implicitly linked to many reasons, and government intervention is just one of them. The evaluation of effectiveness is intended to assess the price at which the goal was achieved and the results obtained. Public-management activities can be simultaneously productive, but ineffective, and vice versa. In any case, the evaluation of the effectiveness occurs at the final stage of a certain state-management activity, therefore, in the criterion of time, this kind of consideration can be considered in the context of evaluation of the results.

In the practice of foreign studies related to the issues of the efficiency of public administration, three basic terms are used: "productivity", "efficiency", "effectiveness". Similar concepts are also based on the Swedish experience in evaluating the effectiveness of government bodies (state influence), which has the informal name Conception of three "E" (economy, efficiency and effectiveness).

In the main, performance evaluation is limited to activity evaluation. Thus, the Swedish experience is based on the evaluation of the activities of state institutions, which has the informal name "The concept of three" E "(economy, efficiency and effectiveness) the model of profitability, efficiency and performance of the" input-product "activity.

Economics means using the appropriate quantity of resources of the appropriate quality at the right time, in the right place, at a reasonable price that is, the correct spending. In other words, economy is the minimization of the cost of resources directed at activities, taking into account the appropriate quality, the correct use of public funds at a certain level of efficiency. This allows you to determine whether the resources meet the needs, to what extent they are used, the ratio of real expenditures to the budget, and so on. In other words, profitability means using the appropriate quantity of resources of the appropriate quality at the right time, in the right place, at a reasonable price that is, the correct spending. The standard is the least cost.

Efficiency (efficiency) the relationship between the product in the form of the supplied goods (services) and resources used to create them. Here, the analysis is subject to the most rigorous methods of work, the cooperation of units, the use of incentives for employees to reduce the cost of working time. The focus is on whether we really get the maximum product in terms, quantity and quality that fit our contribution and activities. That is, it's about spending well, and the standard is the best practical experience.

Effectiveness the degree of conformity of the achieved results with the goal, the coordination of the means used and the results achieved [62]. This indicator makes it possible to assess whether the goal was met in time and at what price (advantages or disadvantages), whether the target group was correctly identified, the degree of satisfaction of people with the program. Standard set goals (norms).

Swedish researcher on the evaluation of the activities of state authorities E. Wedong also uses the inputproduct model, developed by representatives of the European Union (EU) to evaluate certain projects. It is wider and it also has the concept of performance.

In studies V. Tsvetkov we find the following concepts: economic efficiency, target efficiency, organizational efficiency. In this case, the economic efficiency of management is considered as the result of the management system, which provides the lowest cost of achieving the goal set before the object (in the classical approach performance). Target effectiveness is defined as the consistency of the result for the purpose (effectiveness by objectives). Organizational efficiency is the optimal form of interconnection of elements of the system, which makes it most effective in achieving the goal.

G. Atamanchuk in his research allocates different types of effects, defines the criteria of efficiency, which categorizes according to the scheme:

- productive effect (used in the centralized planned economy, when the organizations were sent to the nomenclature-natural indicators that were subject to mandatory execution), which is associated with government institutions that produce a specific product or provide a social service. It is measured by normativecost cost indicators [40, p. 249];

- economic effect, which indicates the needs for a particular product (service), the ratio of demand and supply of it in society [40, p. 250];

- social effect, which is considered as the aggregate overall result that society receives both in the production process of a product (service) and in the process of consumption of material, social and spiritual values. The social effect (the researcher believes that public administration should be based primarily on social effects, since it is the state that is responsible for it, legislates defining and protecting the rights and freedoms of people, tracing their rational and effective use) [40, p. 252].

V. Kobzanenko proposes to evaluate the efficiency of public administration through the assessment of the effectiveness of government-management decisions, which in his opinion is a set of models and methods for studying and measuring the actual results of government-management activities or implementation of state programs. The author highlights two components of measuring the effectiveness of public administration: technical and economic efficiency. The first determines the degree of achievement of the goals of the state, taking into account the goals of development of society, the second is the ratio of the value of the volume of services provided and the cost of volumes involved in the process of providing these services resources.

D. Ursul offers the following view on the generally accepted classification of types of efficiency. In his opinion, the second and third indicators specify only one type of efficiency costly (economic). And optimality of costs is a repeated, original characteristic of effective efficiency, which is the relation of the result to the intended purposes. Effective efficiency, in turn, is derived from the required efficiency, which is counted as the ratio of goals to needs, ideals and norms.

According to the results of research, we can generalize the following types of effectiveness of state influence on sustainable development of the country:

Economy (economy) of state influence on sustainable development realization of measures of sustainable development with minimal expenditures. Accordingly, this indicator will not fully take into account the results that are reflected in the sustainability of economic, environmental and social development, while taking into account only the money invested by the state in obtaining products.

Efficiency (efficiency) maximally efficient use of available state resources to implement a set of measures to ensure sustainable development for maximum returns in the form of products.

Effectiveness (effectiveness cost-effectiveness) to achieve the maximum possible results of economic, environmental and social development of the state by implementing a complex of regulated by the state control measures with a minimum contribution of financial, organizational, labor and other resources.

Effectiveness (effectiveness target performance (performance by objectives), determined by the correctness of setting goals and the degree of achievement in the form of results.

Effectiveness (effectiveness of the results of the above problems and stability) achieve the results of the DRSR to meet the needs of society and address the initial problems. In order to assess the effectiveness of state management of sustainable development, we propose to analyze key goals / objectives in the system of public administration for sustainable development, and measure the degree of their achievement (results), having previously formed the target indicators of sustainable development. The criteria of the investigated effectiveness of state governance for the sustainable development of the country will be: the principles of state regulation of sustainable development (since they provide objectively determined regulatory requirements that are developed by the practice of state regulation and means of regulating the relationship between objectives and results of regulation); target (performance) efficiency; comparative efficiency; criteria of development of efficiency and target (executive) efficiency by types of regulation (economic, social, ecological, institutional) (fig. 1).

Fig. 1. The system of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the state regulation of sustainable development of Ukraine

economic effectiveness state

Conclusions and perspectives of further researches

To further evaluate the results of achieving the goals of sustainable development of the country, it is necessary to synthesize existing methodological approaches to the analysis and assessment of the level of sustainable development, which indicates the need for a more objective and substantiated selection of parameters for assessing the functioning of the system, and on the basis of which they develop a methodology for calculating the integral indicators that reflect and assess the level of balanced socio-ecological and economic development.

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