Issues of raising rating position of railway transport sector of the Azerbaijan Republic in the international competitiveness report

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Вопросы повышения рейтинговой позиции сектора железнодорожного транспорта Азербайджанской Республики в международном отчете о конкурентоспособности

Абдуллаев К.Н.

Аннотация

Статья посвящена вопросам повышения позиции сектора железнодорожного транспорта Азербайджанской Республики в международном рейтинге в отчете о международной конкурентоспособности. В статье отмечается и обосновывается необходимость предоставления гражданам качественных услуг железнодорожного транспорта в соответствии с международным опытом. В результате анализа были определены проблемы, препятствующие развитию железнодорожного транспорта в Азербайджане, нынешняя ситуация и перспективы развития в этой области. Кроме того, изучены роль частного сектора в функционировании железнодорожного транспорта в некоторых развитых странах, осуществляемые экономические меры и их эффективность, достигнутые положительные экономические результаты, выявлена возможность применения этого опыта в Азербайджанской Республике.

В статье также приведены статистические и экономические анализы, а также прогнозные расчеты основных экономических показателей, зарегистрированных в последние годы в области функционирования железнодорожного транспорта Азербайджанской Республики, определены существующие проблемы и пути их решения, еще раз подтверждена важность сокращения доли государственного сектора в сфере железнодорожного транспорта и формирования частного сектора.

На основе проведенного исследования автор обосновал целесообразность упразднения в Азербайджане государственного сектора на железнодорожном транспорте для достижения прогресса по международным рейтинговым показателям в этом виде транспорта, проведения серьёзных структурных реформ, создания новых частных железнодорожных компаний, формирования инвестиций из частных источников и т.д. В статье представлены научно обоснованные предложения и рекомендации по исследуемой проблеме

Kлючевые слова

Tранспорт, приватизация, интеграция, общественный транспорт, инвестиция, развитие.

Abdullayev K.N. Issues of raising rating position of railway transport sector of the Azerbaijan Republic in the international competitiveness report

Annotation

railway transport competitiveness

The article is devoted to the improving position of railway transport of the Azerbaijan Republic on the international rating in the International Competitiveness Report. The article notes and substantiates the need to provide citizens with high-quality railway transport services in accordance with international experience. As a result of the analysis, problems hindering development of railway transport in Azerbaijan, the current situation and development prospects in this transport branch were identified. In addition, role of private sector in the functioning of railway transport in some developed countries, implemented economic measures and their effectiveness, achieved economic results were studied and the possibility of applying this experiences in the Azerbaijan Republic were shown. The article also provides statistical and economic analyses, as well as forecast calculations of the main economic indicators registered in recent years in the field of railway transport of the Azerbaijan Republic, identifies existing problems and ways to solve them, and confirms the importance of reducing share of public sector in the field of railway transport and formation of the private sector.

Moreover, in article for to achieve progress on the international rating indicators of Azerbaijan's railway transport in the International Competitiveness Report state sector in this type of transport must be abolished, to carry out serious structural reforms, to create new private railway companies, to attract investment from private sources and etc. directions scientifically based proposals and recommendations were presented.

Keywords

Transport, privatization, integration, public transport, investment, development.

The Azerbaijan's economic power and transit potential increased significantrly after signing the «Contract of the Century» in 1994, which laid the foundations for the development of Azerbaijan in all vital economic areas.

Azerbaijan Republic is actively involved in the implementation of international projects which aim to ensure regional security, economic development and integration. Azerbaijan with a history of acting as a bridge connecting the East and West, North and South has been able to take a leading position in the region as a state with favourable transit conditions.

Today, as a result of the rapid development of transport corridors passing through Azerbaijan, the efficiency of transportation services improves, and the speed and safety of transportation operations grows.

Dynamically implemented global projects and rapid economic development of Azerbaijan are the main factors for establishment of the stable and reliable transportaton corridor and integration processes. Implementation of project within the framework of «Baku-Tbilisi- Kars» railroad will promote further integration of Azerbaijan and the whole region with the European community [1].

According to the data provided by global financial structures, due to the high rate of GDP growth Azerbaijan holds one of the first places among the leading developing countries. This tendency is continued today owing to the successfully carried out economic policy; and the implementation of the envisaged large-scaled projects promises three fold growth of GDP in all spheres of Azerbaijan Republic's economy by 2018. Relying on its favorable geographical location and rationally utilizing its globally significant natural resources and potential, Azerbaijan widely cooperates with many states and important economic and financial structures in many fields; implementation of over 200 multinational and trans regional projects is continued today owing to their active participation. Among these important projects are the development of hydrocarbon resources of the Caspian basin and their transportation to the world markets.

Theoretical approaches to privatization processes in transport sector. Important theoretical conceptual and practical issues related to the development of private entrepreneurship in the transport sector has been regularly analyzed in developed countries (including post-soviet countries) by well known foreign scientists on transport sector and international finance and transportation problems. In the postsoviet space Qromoqlasova E.S. [3], Biryukova O.V. [2], Shelistov Y.E. [4], Pak E.V., Polyanova T.N. [5], Rachek S.V. [6], Promaxina I.M. [7], Abdullayev K.N. [1] and others, in the scientific works, monographs, articles, thesis, (also in European Economic Commission, World Bank annual reports) realization privatization process in transport sector, development of private entrepreneurship, increase of competitiveness of private companies, expansion of activity of private transport companies in the world transport services market, elimination of state monopoly on transport companies [6], implementation structural reforms, improvement of transport policy in the European Union, introduction main experience of leading European countries in post-soviet countries, current situation and development of private entrepreneurship activities in different types of transport in European Union, provision free competition between small, medium and large private transport companies and etc. in this directions serious investigations were carried out. Since 2000 major international financial institutions such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and World Bank, as well as European Economic Commission recommend to post-soviet countries (including Azerbaijan Republic) to realize structural reforms and elimination of state control and monopoly initiating stage by stage privatization process in railway, sea air transport branches (also, partly including pipeline transport, metropolitan transport). But during the last years this problem has not yet been solved in Azerbaijan Republic. Moreover, European Union realized different measures to correspond with economic relation in transport sector for support free market economic condition [5]. For example, in directive 91/440 adopted in recent years [3] by the European Union (EU) on post-soviet countries showed that effective competition potential of different transport branches (including railway transport) must be correspond to economic principles of market economy [1].

According to the International Competitiveness Report in 2019, the position of some post-soviet countries on railway density indicators among 141 countries were different [8]. For example, Azerbaijan Republic ranked 34th among 141 countries in 2019 in terms of railroad density (km of roads/1000 square km). According to this indicator, Azerbaijan was ahead among the post-soviet countries of such as Georgia (44), Kazakhstan (66), Kyrgyzstan (86), Russia (64), Tajikistan (72) among the post-Soviet countries. Only such states as Ukraine (25) and Moldova (27) were ahead of Azerbaijan in terms of the railway density. Although such countries as Singapore (1), Germany (7) are ahead of Azerbaijan, USA (48), Iran (67), Turkey (52), etc. some countries have lagged behind Azerbaijan (Table 1).

In the International Competitiveness Report, Japan (1), Singapore (5), Azerbaijan (11), USA (12) were in the leading positions on the efficiency of railway transport services among 141 countries. It should be noted that the Azerbaijan Republic was ahead of such countries as Georgia (43), Germany (16), Iran (52), Kazakhstan (33), Kyrgyzstan (77), Moldova (69), Russia (17), Tajikistan (37), Turkey (56), Ukraine (34) (Fig. 1).

The analysis shows that for improvement of Azerbaijan's position in the international ratings on transport services are influenced different obstacles and problems existing in the country's activities of different types of transport, which must be gradually eliminated.

Table 1 - Azerbaijan's position on railroad density (km of roads/1000 square km) indicators in the Global Competitiveness Report (2019) [8]

Figure 1 - Dynamics of change in position on the efficiency of train services in some countries [8]

In recent years in transport corridor on cargoes transportation and incomes are of Europe-Caucasus-Asia in railway observed (Table 2). transport segments decreasing tendencies

Table 2 - Activity of the Transport Corridor Europe - Caucasus - Asia (TRACECA) in the territory of Azerbaijan Republic (1 uSa $=1.70 manat (AZN)) [9]