Igarka as a frontier: lessons from the pioneer of the Northern Sea Route

This is where the roots of the impossibility of the Jack London's effect are: having focused on implementing narrow production tasks, having “parted with” specialized education and agriculture, television broadcasting and scientific research (except for permafrost studies), Igarka lost the very “service” industries, which followed the main raw materials-based ones, which at the end of the resource boom could have become the basis for the further existence of the town. In the name of viability.

Upon reestimating the situation of Igarka, not just as a case of the collapse of the town-forming enterprise, but as a case of loss of the role in becoming the centre for the territory development, one can find many analogues in Russia. Such cases occurred, for example, in the interior parts of Kolyma, where in the early 1930s it was even planned to relocate the administrative centre of the new district, and which are almost depopulated at present. Such are certain settlements and towns in the region of rich oil and gas fields of Western Siberia, which are now in dead ends of transport routes, on the economic and social periphery due to the rise of Nizhnevartovsk and even more - Surgut; some bright examples of such “dead-end” settlements are the town Raduzhny, and the settlement of No- voagansk.

This teaches a lesson for all existing resource centres of the Arctic, and Norilsk first of all. Norilsk loses the opportunity to reach Jack London effect in the long run by not fulfilling the functions of the development of the surrounding territory; such social functions as education, medical services and alike were transferred to Dudinka; tourism, the media, scientific research, etc., are focused on serving the needs of the town itself, and, apart from tourism, experience a serious crisis. Having lost the status of the administrative centre of a subject of the Russian Federation, Dudinka suffers the losses of these opportunities of growth and development, too. Undoubtedly, it does not concern the “eternal” preservation of cities in the same size, this refers to preserving the basic functions of scientific, educational, service industries of the vast surrounding area, preserving viable centres despite possible radical changes both in the town-forming industry and in the number of population. Meanwhile, as Igarka's second lesson shows, the future development of the Arctic may suddenly call for any once developed area, the preservation of the developed islands in the middle of the “white silence”; so, the preservation of potential bases even in seemingly “worked out” areas is an important relay baton to pass to future generations.

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