Natural resources management in the national economy: innovative context

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Natural resources management in the national economy: innovative context

Shaposhnykov Kostiantyn, Doctor of Economics Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Head of the Research and Certification of Scientific Personnel Department SSI “Institute of Education Content Modernization”; Kotenko Tetiana, Associate Professor, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance Central Ukrainian National Technical University

Summary

The article summarizes the main approaches to natural resource management in the national economy, taking into account the innovation context. It is determined that today there are many types and forms of such management in the national economy. It is substantiated that the shortage of natural resources can be overcome through efficient and rational use, while using modern innovative solutions that will significantly modernize the infrastructure. It is investigated that due to the use of ecological innovations today it is possible to suspend the processes of irrational use of natural resources. Also, the processes of restoration of natural resources can be met through the use of innovative technologies (water treatment and wastewater treatment technologies, technologies and methods of extraction of natural resources, collection or distribution of water for buildings or similar local water supply).

The opinion of modern researchers is summarized that the need to form a state policy in the field of water supply and sewerage on the basis of an innovative model is urgent. It is pointed out that the current practice of land use causes the deterioration of land, and the depleting use of land, forests and water resources leads to irreversible loss of ecosystem and biological diversity. It is concluded that today eco-innovations should be understood as something more than technologies for cleaning, processing, transportation and disposal of waste, elimination of toxic waste. As a result of the study, the thesis was formulated that a comprehensive assessment of the economic and environmental significance of a source of risk may be based on relevant expert assessments.

Key words: ecology, innovations, innovative approach, national economy, natural resources, management.

Аннотация

Управление природными ресурсами в национальной экономике: инновационный контекст

Шапошников К.С., доктор економічних наук, професор, Заслужений діяч науки і техніки України, Начальник відділу науково-дослідної роботи та атестації наукових кадрів ДНУ «Інститут модернізації змісту освіти»; Котенко Т.М., кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів, банківської справи та страхування Центральноукраїнського національного технічного університету

В статье обобщены основные подходы к управлению природными ресурсами в национальной экономике с учетом инновационного контекста. Определено, что сегодня существует множество типов и форм такого управления в национальной экономике. Обосновано, что дефицит природных ресурсов можно преодолеть путем эффективного и рационального использования, используя современные инновационные решения, которые позволят значительно модернизировать соответствующую инфраструктуру. Исследовано, что за счет использования экологических инноваций сегодня можно остановить процессы нерационального использования природных ресурсов. Также процессы восстановления природных ресурсов можно удовлетворить путем использования инновационных технологий (технологии очистки вод и обработки сточных вод, технологии и способы добычи природных ресурсов, сбор или распределение воды для домов или подобное местное водоснабжение). Обобщено мнение современных исследователей о том, что актуальна необходимость формирования государственной политики в сфере водоснабжения и водоотвода на основе инновационной модели.

Указано на то, что существующая практика землепользования влечет за собой ухудшение состояния земель, а изнурительное использование земельных, лесных и водных ресурсов приводит к необратимым потерям экосистемного и биологического разнообразия. Сделан вывод о том, что сегодня под экологическими инновациями необходимо понимать больше, чем технологии очистки, переработки, транспортировки и захоронения отходов, ликвидация токсичных отходов. В результате проведенного исследования сформулирован тезис о том, что проведение комплексной оценки экономико-экологической значимости того или иного источника риска может основываться на соответствующих оценках экспертов.

Ключевые слова: экология, инновации, инновационный подход, национальная экономика, природные ресурсы, управление.

Introduction and problem statement

About two-thirds of the world's population may be short of natural resources for decades. In many countries there is still a tendency to address water and land scarcity by increasing water supply, increasing storage and distribution of surface and groundwater, optimizing land distribution, creating new infrastructure, desalinating salt or brackish water, reusing wastewater or replenishing aquifers. horizons. This trend should prevail over focusing on reducing demand for water, land and other natural resources, for example by stopping transport losses and distributing systems that implement adequate tariff systems to reduce demand for natural resources, change water technologies and, in general, improving the efficiency of natural resources in domestic, industrial testing and irrigation systems; in other words, seeking to increase the overall productivity of natural resources.

However, in our opinion, the shortage of natural resources can be overcome through efficient and rational use, while using modern innovative solutions that will significantly modernize the infrastructure. The use of innovative principles of natural resource management in the context of sustainable development should become a prospect for the national economy in the coming years.

Analysis of recent research and publications

The theory and practice of use and management of natural resources in general, as well as taking into account modern innovative approaches, are taken care of by the following scientists [1-18]: M. Stadnyk, V. Skupeiko, I. Krylova, O. Pakharenko, A. Martienko, N. Vdovenko, V Golyan, L. Goroshkova, E. Khlobystov, I. Sagaidak, M. Serbov and others.

The purpose of this work is to analyze and substantiate the innovative context of natural resource management in the national economy.

Results of the research

M. Stadnyk and V Skupeiko believe that “Exacerbation of global problems of today, including in the field of water supply, especially freshwater security, requires focusing on environmental innovations that can enable sustainable development of water management, environmental quality, rational use of water resources, meeting the needs of future generations in drinking water of sufficient quantity and quality” [1, p. 131]. It is through the use of environmental innovations that it is now possible to suspend the processes of irrational use of water. Also, water recovery processes can be met through the use of innovative technologies (water treatment and wastewater treatment technologies, technologies and methods of extraction, collection or distribution of water for homes or similar local water supply).

It is necessary to agree with I. Krylova that “Innovative transformations in the field of water supply and sewerage are a determining factor in improving the efficiency of enterprises, improving the quality of services, improving environmental and social standards and more. At the same time, the latest technologies (innovations) alone cannot carry out reforms in the field of water supply and sewerage, but only as an integral part of state policy (state regulation), which solves a range of problems from resource management to training. European experience proves the effectiveness of state policy in the field of water supply and sewerage, which promotes innovation in this area, regardless of the management model and regulatory model” [2, p. 72]. Thus, the need to form a state policy in the field of water supply and sewerage on the basis of an innovative model [17; 18] is a challenge for all states. The Government of our country has taken several steps to formulate state policy in the field of sustainable development and environmental protection on the basis of an innovative model.

Thus, according to the national report “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine”, “Ukraine belongs to the group of countries with complex environmental problems. They are typical, on the one hand, for developing countries (unbalanced use and depletion of natural resources), and on the other - for industrialized countries (environmental pollution by industrial activities). A specific problem of the transformation period is waste management. The amount of waste generated is growing, and the share of recyclable waste is insignificant. The constant practice of disposing of newly generated waste in overcrowded landfills is a threat to the environment and increases the risks to public health. Existing land use practices are deteriorating, and the depletion of land, forest and water resources is leading to irreversible losses of ecosystem and biological diversity. The share of nature reserves (6.6% of the total area of the country) is insufficient to prevent such losses. The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine is also an important factor in the negative impact on the environment. Overcoming the consequences of the destruction of landscapes and the destruction of the infrastructure of Donetsk and Luhansk regions requires significant efforts, resources and time for restoration” [3].

UNDP's principles of innovation are based on digitalisation and openness of data. An important principle of innovation is harmonization with the ecosystem, their development together with the user [17; 18]. Therefore, when implementing innovations, it is necessary not to harm and cooperate with the ecosystem and the user, using the principle of participation [17; 18].

O. Pakharenko believes that “ecological innovations are the manufacture, installation and operation of environmental (treatment) facilities; development and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies; processing, transportation and disposal of waste, disposal of toxic waste; trade in environmental technologies; eco-audit and eco-expertise” [5, p. 194]. However, today eco-innovation needs to be understood as something more than technologies for cleaning, processing, transporting and burying waste, eliminating toxic waste.

A. Martienko and S. Bondarenko emphasize that “environmental innovation is considered a kind of indicator of sustainable and balanced development in a competitive environment. Technologies that allow to effectively solve environmental problems are complex and quite complex, which requires not only innovative engineering ideas, but also innovative approaches in the management and organization of society” [6]. Thus, the introduction of environmental innovations should be enshrined in the state policy of environmental management and form the concept of sustainable development of our state.

Improving the natural resource management system is the main task towards achieving this goal. The development of the National Water Strategy should be aimed at achieving an acceptable state of water resources, the introduction of integrated management of water and other natural resources on a basin basis through the development and implementation of river basin management plans.

Sustainable development goals include tasks for the restoration and sustainable use of land and the internal freshwater ecosystem. When developing and further implementing projects using the achievements of science and technology in environmental protection to ensure favorable conditions for safe and balanced development of economic and ecological systems, it is necessary to take into account the presence of risk factors [6-8].

Carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the economic and environmental significance of a source of risk may be based on relevant expert assessments.

The assessment of the significance of risk by experts on the parameters of the studied process is carried out by assessing the probability of emergencies, reducing the impact of favorable conditions or factors of safe development of economic and ecological systems near the water basin [9; 11; 12].

Analysis of the probability of economic and environmental risk in the implementation of innovative environmental projects can significantly increase the quality requirements for the design, manufacture and further operation of complex technological and organizational schemes that use the achievements of science and technology in environmental protection to enhance the safe development of economic and environmental systems.

The measures taken to prevent the impact of possible risks will be the usual measures to prevent fluctuations in this indicator in the negative direction. If changes in this parameter under the influence of developing economic and environmental risks will exceed the permissible limits, it is necessary to take special measures to improve the design decisions.

Anti-crisis measures are to bring a set of environmental measures in line with the internal dynamics of changes in the economic and environmental situation, in line with the changing external situation. In addition to the above measures, anti-crisis actions are quite effective, consisting in the writeoff of obsolete fixed capital, urgent replacement of obsolete technological and environmental equipment, restrictions on hiring workers and employees, retraining, reducing non-production costs, etc. [14-16].

Thus, in the implementation of environmental activities to improve safety and balance in the development of economic and environmental systems to identify the possibility of risks in the practical application of science and technology, it is necessary to use organizational and economic methods to reduce the likelihood of risks.

That is why in ensuring the formation of an innovative model of natural resources management it is necessary to indicate the financial resources for the implementation of innovative projects. Research of the current state of financial resources, their impact on the implementation of innovative activities in the field of environmental protection is important.

Among the main sources of innovation in the field of environmental protection are budget expenditures [9; 10; 13; 14].

І. Sagaidak and V Bykhovchenko emphasize that “the implementation of Ukraine's international obligations in the field of environmental protection is impossible without financial support for environmental modernization of enterprises that need to bring their activities to high European standards. Therefore, it is obvious to urgently restore and increase the targeted use of environmental tax funds and the formation for this purpose of the extra-budgetary State Fund for Environmental Protection” [13].

Conclusions

In our opinion, the following cyclicality regarding the innovative context of natural resources management in the national economy is expedient: the first cycle is related to the regulation of water improvement; the second - flood protection measures; the third is focused on the regulation of the integrated management system, which provides a synergistic effect of the interaction of resource conservation functions and natural resource functions of the model of sustainable agricultural production; fourth - the formation and regulation of a modern system of monitoring the management of natural resources in the national economy.

economy management innovation water supply

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