The policy of socio-economic growth of the national economy in the context of globalization

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Interregional Academy of Personnel Management

The policy of socio-economic growth of the national economy in the context of globalization

Oksana Holovchenko Candidate of Economic Sciences, Chief Specialist of the Foreign Courts of the Department of International Disputes of the Ministry of justice of Ukraine, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration

The presence of disproportions in the economy requires their systematic identification and careful study, taking into account the promising directions for the development of high-tech and innovative sectors of the national economy, which is dictated by the needs of the present and global development trends. Balancing the national economy, contradictions in socio-economic processes are the driving force that causes new waves of changes and, as a result, creates opportunities for the development of certain elements of the macroeconomic environment. Methodological approaches to modeling indicators of socio-economic growth that affect the national economy provide for a comprehensive multilateral study of the impact of qualitative and quantitative components of the macroeconomic environment, the conditions for mobilizing innovative sources of growth and improving the system of economic development indicators based on the identification of typological features and taking into account economic disproportions.

These processes provide optimal instrumental support for the assessment of socio-economic processes during structural changes in the national economy.

Key words: policy, indicators of socio-economic growth, national economy, exogenous and endogenous factors, globalization, integration.

Оксана Головченко кандидат економічних наук, головний спеціаліст відділу іноземних судів департаменту міжнародних спорів Міністерства юстиції України, доцент кафедри державного управління, ПрАТ «ВНЗ «Міжрегіональна Академія управління персоналом»

ПОЛІТИКА СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Наявність в економіці диспропорцій потребує системного їх виявлення та ретельного дослідження, враховуючи перспективні напрямки щодо розбудови високотехнологічних та інноваційних секторів національної економіки, що саме диктується потребами сучасності та глобальними тенденціями розвитку. Балансування національної економіки, протиріччя у соціально-економічних процесах представляють собою рушійну силу, яка викликає нові хвилі змін і, як наслідок, формує можливості щодо розвитку певних елементів макроекономічного середовища. Методичні підходи до моделювання індикаторів соціально-економічного зростання, які впливають на національну економіку, передбачають комплексне мультилатеральне дослідження впливу якісних і кількісних складових макроекономічного середовища, умов мобілізації інноваційних джерел зростання та вдосконалення системи індикаторів економічного розвитку на основі виокремлення типологічних ознак та врахуванні економічних диспропорцій.

Ключові слова: політика, індикатори соціально-економічного зростання, національна економіка, екзогенні та ендогенні фактори, глобалізація, інтеграція.

Introduction

Formulation of the problem. The timeliness of determining the level and quality of factor changes based on modeling ensures the selectivity of public policy on the optimal implementation of stages of growth and development of the national economy. Controlling the impact of individual events and permanent monitoring of uncontrolled factors corrects the dynamic achievement of strategic goals with minimal loss of resources and time.

Analysis of recent research and publication. The works of such economists as B. Deacon, M. Hals, P. Stubbs, J. E. Stiglitz, as well as O. Amosha, S. Bila, M. Koretsky, O. Radionov, Shlafman N. L., Umanets N. L., Fursm O. O., Venger V. V. and others are devoted to the modeling and evaluation of social and economic growth. However, the permanent dynamics of processes in the modern economy requires a systematic solution to the problems of assessing the processes that occur under the influence of globalization and integration.

The purpose of the study: is to substantiate and analyze the policy of socio-economic growth of the national economy in the context of globalization.

Presenting the main material

The existence of disparities in the economy requires systematic identification and careful study, taking into account promising areas for the development of high-tech and innovative sectors of the national economy, which is dictated by modern needs and global development trends. Balancing the national economy, contradictions in socio-economic processes are the driving force that causes new waves of change and, consequently, creates opportunities for the development of certain elements of the macroeconomic environment.

The functioning and development of the national economy is influenced by certain factors, the authentic structuring of which provides a rapid response to the destructive power of harmful factors.

It should be noted that the process of modeling socio-economic growth allows timely detection and elimination of negative consequences with the consistent formation of an optimal and effective system of institutional and market regulation. The use of system tools underlies the construction of conceptual and simulation models of socio-economic growth of the national economy.

An effective tool for socio-economic forecasting is the model, which must take into account the properties of processes, objects and subjects, as well as adapt to the current factor environment, avoiding factuality and turbulence.

The model is one of the important tools of economic forecasting, which determines the essential characteristics of the object. In the process of formalizing, the model is a system of relationships that describe the basic relationships of the elements of the economic system. national economy social

The methodological basis for building a model of sustainable development is a comprehensive study based on preventive diagnosis and systematic approach, the authentic result of which is the development of a generalized model that reflects the relevant determinants and interdependencies of the system, which, in turn, requires hybrid model subject to the principle of synergistic effect [1].

Modeling is the study of certain processes, structural imbalances, individual actions, phenomena, holistic systems and factors that affect the level of indicators of growth of the national economy. In addition, modeling in the system of national economic growth in globalization is accompanied by a systematic analysis of the main components of the macroeconomic environment of the country taking into account current global trends, which allows the formation of parameters of growth and development of the national economy.

Analysis of research on modeling the sustainable development of the national economy confirms the existence of several components of the modern macroeconomic environment, namely: economic, environmental and social, high-quality content of which provides the state inclusion in developed countries.

The economic dimension of sustainable growth involves increasing the well-being of society, eradicating poverty through the effective use of potential, avoiding disparities in the growth of countries with different levels of development. The social dimension involves ensuring rights and freedoms, democracy, building civil society, creating opportunities and access to basic educational, medical and cultural services in every country. The ecological component of growth involves the protection of the environment and ecosystems under the condition of rational use of resources [2].

To assess the socio-economic growth of the national economy in the context of globalization, a necessary step is to form a system of indicators that multilaterally determine the level of development and the ratio of general and specific macroeconomic indicators with qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Scientific approaches to the definition of systemic indicators of socio-economic growth differ in content, as well as the structure and composition of calculations. An important step is the choice of modeling methods, the selectivity of which depends on the relevance of the results. Among the most effective and optimal methods are:

- economic and mathematical methods (use of industry signs of proportionality);

- balance method (application of an adequate ratio between segments of the national economy);

- method of systematization (construction of certain groups of indicators on the appropriate grounds);

- economic and geographical method (assessment of the development of individual territories, segments);

- method of mathematical statistics (assessment of stochastic dependence in the factor environment);

- development scenario method (definition of variations and development criteria, taking into account existing trends);

- segmentation method (identification of factors and indicators of socio-economic development potential);

- method of taxation (allocation of discrete segments with certain features and properties);

- method of formalization (building a formal system within the strategy of socio-economic growth and development);

- method of standards (comparison of growth components with other similar ones);

- econometric methods (formation of dependence between separate segments of integral system).

Problems of measuring and assessing the degree of socio-economic growth of the national economy require a systematic approach to the formation of appropriate indicators that allow comprehensive diagnosis of not only the results but also the vector orientation of the developed strategy, which is emphasized by current trends of globalization and integration. It should be noted that the existing systems of indicators of socio-economic growth provide quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the general type, which does not fully meet the needs of the study of relevant processes, excluding the features of certain areas and directions.

That is why an important issue in the study of growth and development of the national economy is the formation of a set of indicators that will provide a multilateral assessment of socio-economic growth, taking into account qualitative and quantitative segments, as well as typological features, priorities and trends.

Globalization changes lead to certain factors that affect the strategic direction of countries towards sustainable development, which also requires additional monitoring and comprehensive diagnosis, taking into account the specifics of phenomena, activities of meso- and macro-level actors, potential opportunities and traditions. We emphasize the fact that focusing on the assessment of institutional problems of implementing the strategy of growth of the national economy allows for optimal adjustment of public policy of socio-economic development and will help resolve crisis issues.

In addition, the focus on several areas of sustainable growth and development of the national economy leads to difficulties in quantitative and qualitative assessment and measurement, which requires the definition of economic, social and environmental parameters.

According to economists K. McConnell and S. Brew, the process of measuring economic growth is best represented in the definition of economic growth based on the assessment in the following ways:

- increase in real GDP over a period of time;

- increase in real GDP per capita over a period of time [3].

Assessment of approaches to measuring the level of socio-economic growth provides an opportunity to identify the following options for calculating indicators, namely:

- growth rates as a percentage of real GDP for the year;

- GDP growth rate per capita as a percentage per year.

Analysis of research confirms that to avoid significant risks to sustainable socio-economic growth, it is important to identify permanent imbalances and disparities in the components of the national economy, timely and systematic adjustment at an early stage which ensures compliance with the developed and approved development strategy. In addition, the current conditions for the functioning of national economies to support the priority areas of growth require the formation of optimal methodological approaches to the diagnosis of macroeconomic balances, which ensures the rhythm of socio-economic development.

Methods for assessing socio-economic growth include quantitative and qualitative indicators that allow the objectivity of the results and take into account the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors. Indicators of socio-economic growth of the national economy are presented in Fig. 1.

In recent years, the problems of imbalance in the distribution of benefits of economic progress, environmental disasters, income inequality at the meso, macro and mega levels have led to systemic imbalances of economic, financial, social and environmental nature, which, in turn, emphasizes the need formation of a synthesized model of socio-economic growth with elements of innovation and high-tech direction.

The following indicators are used for sectorial monitoring of sectors of the national economy in terms of economic growth:

- fluctuations (increase or decrease) in the volume of final output of the economy per employee;

- fluctuations (increase or decrease) in the volume of final output of the economy for a particular period;

- fluctuations (increase or decrease) in the volume of final output of the economy per capita;

- rates of socio-economic growth with the definition of a growing, neutral or turbulent trend.

An important element of the assessment is not only the analysis of effective macro indicators, but also the quantification of the factor environment with segmentation of individual conditions and growth factors.

Note that among the basic macro indicators of socio-economic development are:

- nominal gross domestic product;

- consumer price index;

- industrial producer price index;

- profit of profitable enterprises;

- wage fund of employees;

- unemployment rate;

- trade balance.

Most scholars confirm the existence of several factor groups that influence the process of socio-economic growth of the national economy, namely:

- supply factor group (natural resources, labor resources, technologies and capital;

- demand factor group (consumption level is optimal for resource potential);

Fig. 1. Indicators of socio-economic growth of the national economy

(Source: developed by the author)

- factor distribution group (efficient production structure and resource-saving technologies);

- factor group of institutional and social orientation (content and formal content of state policy, socio-cultural state of the economy, etc.).

We emphasize that indicators of the quantity and quality of labor resources are characterized by supply factors and reflect certain aspects of socio-economic growth of the national economy and its components.

The indicators that provide an assessment of the quality of labor resources include: labor productivity and the opposite indicator - labor intensity, taking into account the relevant segments of the national economy.

Among the indicators of the effectiveness of the use of natural potential are:

- material consumption and material efficiency of products of a particular sector of the national economy;

- indicator of the ratio of growth rates of production and material costs, taking into account the specifics of the industry.

The process of rationalization of the use of natural resources ensures the desire of modern trends in the national economy not only to reduce cost positions, but also to comply with environmental programs of public policy. The world's leading economic powers emphasize the importance of preserving resource potential, caring for the environment, and improving the environmental friendliness of production at the global level.

The introduction of innovative technologies, which should not only reduce material, labor and other costs, but also comply with environmental standards, is considered a priority that must be addressed both within the country and globally. At the same time, support, including financial and informational, for relevant projects aimed at high- tech and high environmental should be provided within the strategy of growth and development of the national economy. Using the experience of developed countries and attracting intellectual resources of the country will significantly accelerate the development and implementation of these strategies, which in today's globalization are the basis of economic development.

It should be noted that the capabilities of the country, as well as certain sectors of the national economy in the implementation of innovative technologies are a guarantee of socio-economic growth and development. The functioning of priority sectors of the national economy on the basis of new technologies emphasizes the possibility of optimal, systematic, efficient and proportionate use of labor, material and financial resources, as well as a positive change in performance.

We emphasize that the assessment of organizational and technological levels of sectors of the national economy is carried out according to a system of indicators, which can be divided into the following groups: indicators that characterize the scientific and technical level of the industry; indicators that determine the technical and technological level of industry production; indicators that determine the organizational level of industry production, etc. [4].

The social component of the growth of the national economy is a necessary condition for the multilateral development of the state, given the globalization changes and trends in the distribution of wealth in modern society. The focus on improving social welfare is based on a system of segment indicators, which are characterized by a certain objective and subjective nature and are responsible for the quality of life in society.

Conclusions

The evaluation of research confirms that balanced social achievements, taking into account certain groups in society, are manifested through social indicators that reflect the dynamics of the level of use of relevant goods of the population as a whole and individual groups, including per capita income, income distribution, balance of the education system, the level of migration, as well as indicators of welfare growth, life expectancy, positive changes in lifestyle, degree and ability to travel, the ratio of purchases of basic necessities and luxury.

Modeling of indicators of socio-economic growth is associated with the identification of certain groups of factors that affect the development of the national economy as a whole and its specific segments. The structuring of the factor environment is carried out with the help of a vector that takes into account the negative and positive, as well as controlled and uncontrolled factors influencing the growth of the national economy.

Modeling the processes of socio-economic development within the framework of globalization changes avoids disproportion in the leading sectors of the national economy, gradually assessing intermediate results and forecasting further development with possible balanced growth rates.

Thus, methodological approaches to modeling indicators of socio-economic growth that affect the national economy include a comprehensive multilateral study of the impact of qualitative and quantitative components of the macroeconomic environment, conditions for mobilizing innovative sources of growth and improving the system of indicators of economic development on the basis of isolating typological features and taking into account economic disparities.

Bibliography

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References

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