Implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture: fashionable trends or requirements of the modern economy

intra-functional barriers (not understanding exactly how this technology functions and how to apply it);

external psychological barriers (public distrust of cryptocurrencies that work on the basis of blockchain technology and the transfer of this distrust to the technology itself);

external functional barriers (absence of regulatory and legislative regulation of the use of technology).

In our research, we also focused on the objective reasons that hold back the implementation process of blockchain technology; in most cases, the reasons are similar, but we added to the valid reasons the lack of standardization and the unreadiness of domestic agricultural producers for technological innovations, as well as reasonable directions for overcoming these restraining factors.

Conclusions

The implementation of blockchain technology is an urgent requirement of the modern economy, its application creates prospects for the further development of the potential of enterprises and increasing its competitiveness. The implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture is especially relevant, given its role in providing quality food.

Blockchain technology provides effective management and monitoring of data on the general state of agricultural production, helps reduce risks and costs. The use of blockchain technology ensures security and transparency in relations with suppliers and buyers of products, which positively affects the reputation of the enterprise, its business relations, helps attract investments, increase investment attractiveness, etc. However, the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture has significant barriers, which is primarily due to the low level of familiarity with it (more than 60 % of owners and managers of agricultural enterprises do not know about the benefits of implementing blockchain technology and its impact on the company's activities).

In order to create favorable conditions for the introduction of blockchain technology, the need for:

legislative regulation of issues of application of start-contracts in the economic activity of agrarian enterprises and their tax consequences;

creation of agricultural cooperatives for the implementation of blockchain technology, with the aim of reducing the cost of its implementation and further maintenance during the entire period of use;

increasing the readiness of enterprises to implement blockchain technology by developing instructions and conducting targeted training courses for enterprise owners and operatives (which is expedient in cooperation with Advisory Services and scientists of higher educational institutions);

development of standards for the application of blockchain technology, taking into account the specifics of agricultural business;

creation of business hubs for the dissemination of positive practical experience of implementing innovative technologies by agricultural enterprises and companies that directly develop solutions for managing enterprises using blockchain technology.

An algorithm for the implementation of blockchain technology in the economic activity of an agricultural enterprise was developed and methodical support for its implementation was provided, in particular, in the part of the methodology for assessing the potential economic efficiency of the project of implementing blockchain technology and the risks of its implementation, the factors that affect the cost of implementing blockchain technology in an agricultural enterprise were determined, and a system was proposed elements of the implementation of blockchain technology in accordance with the specifics of agriculture. As a result of the study, it was established that the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture is effective. In connection with the above, the authors believe that the hypotheses put forward at the beginning of the study are proven and confirmed.

Characterizing the limitations, we note that this study concerned the survey of a small number of representatives of agricultural enterprises of the Mykolaiv region; according to the calculation of representativeness of the sample - the survey is reliable (taking into account 10 % error). In addition, the results in other regions may differ from the results in Mykolaiv region; as shown in the article, the results of the survey of representatives of agricultural enterprises of the Kirovohrad region. slightly different from the results of the Mykolaiv region. The survey was limited in time, so the authors assume that in the future the awareness of economic entities may change for the better with the growing popularity of the application of this technology in the production sphere. The study does not cover the state of domestic funding for the implementation of blockchain technology, as statistical data are currently unavailable, as the vast majority of enterprises are private, so access to empirical data is limited. But the authors paid more attention to methodological recommendations and the algorithm for implementing blockchain technology. Using the example of a real agricultural enterprise of the Mykolaiv region, the author's idea regarding the economic feasibility of introducing blockchain technology into economic activity is methodically reflected.

Prospects for further research are the evaluation of causal relationships using correlation and regression analysis to determine the relationship between the implementation of blockchain technology and the performance indicators of agricultural enterprises, such as increased yield, reduced production losses, or optimization of resource use. Targeted development of methodological support for the implementation of blockchain technology for agricultural enterprises of various sizes may be the direction of further research; at this stage of research for small and medium-sized enterprises, it is worth focusing on the creation of cooperatives for the purpose of implementing and using blockchain technology. In the future, it is also worth focusing on the researched role and influence of the state on the introduction of blockchain technology at enterprises, the use of blockchain technology in the field of transportation and logistics of agricultural products. Such studies may include calculating the efficiency and economic feasibility of using blockchain technology in logistics supply chains.

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