The place and role of economic science in post-industrial society

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The place and role of economic science in post-industrial society

Introduction

The theory of post-industrial society today is one of the most common concepts that allow an adequate understanding of the large-scale changes that have taken place in Western societies over the past thirty years. That is why the consideration of the topic "The Place and the Role of Economic Science in Post-Industrial Society" is relevant to the present day.

The analysis of this issue involves considering not only theoretical aspects that characterize the process of modern economic thought, but also the problems of the implementation of this process, as a consequence - the ways to solve them.

The object of this article is the development of a postindustrial society.

The subject is the place and role of economic science in this process.

The purpose of the publication of this article is to identify problems of the development of economic scientific thought and identify ways to solve them in post-industrial society.

For a better coverage of the topic, I propose to consider the following important issues that will make it possible to make an impression about the place and role of economic science in postindustrial society:

- aspects characterizing a post-industrial society;

- positions of economic science;

- outline of the problems of the development of post-

industrial society in the interconnection with economic science;

- tendencies of development of scientific economic thought.

Presenting main material

For the average researchereconomist, the main problem lies primarily in the fact that virtually any issue that he is taken to consider, there are already developments. Therefore, it's extremely difficult to say something fundamentally new. This from the very beginning assumes excavation of the researcher in details, which can not give a great scientific effect. Psychologically, this situation of affairs leads to the fact that in any reasonable person the hands fall before the abyss of existing economic literature. The profound disappointment is also experienced by experienced economists. Thus, the saturation of economic science with all possible developments has a definite psychological result. At the beginning of the path of the researcher - fear, in the end - disappointment. Given that we are now in a phase of overflowing information space with scientific knowledge, in the near future, science is likely to be funded worse. This applies to all countries, and the poor - especially. Reducing funding will serve as an additional incentive for many economists to leave their academic career. Already, US science, the leader in the remuneration of scientific staff, can not bring its own citizens to their ranks, due to which many American universities are filled with immigrants from other countries. In the future, such a trend threatens to push out the most mobile economists in applied market niches and the weakening of the positions of economic science.

This situation is a consequence of the formation of a new concept, according to which even pure scientific know-how is desirable not to advertise. Only in this case, you can get the maximum reward for your own research. The question of scientific priority, as a rule, goes back to the background. The painted picture can be supplemented. Opens a new opportunity to 8 publish their research on the Internet, which generally reduces the value of printed scientific products.

The most important resource of modern society is not information, such as the objective essence, but knowledge, that is, information that is learned by man and does not exist beyond his consciousness. It is this "subjective" character of the modern economy, and it identifies some new trends that might have seemed fantastic until recently.

To date, globalization has become a process tightly conditioned by the transformation of post-industrial countries, and the doctrine of the multipolar world, put forward by the political establishment, turns out to be no more than another beautiful illusion.

Postindustrial society in the work is interpreted as a society in whose economy as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a substantial increase in the income of the population the priority passed from the predominant production of goods to the production of services.

Close to the post-industrial theory are the concepts of information society, post-economic society, postmodernism, "third wave", "society of the fourth formation", "scientific and information stage of the principle of production." Some futurologists believe that post-industrialism is only a prologue for the transition to a "post-human" phase of the development of earthly civilization.

It is the circumstances of the irreversibility of processes generated by the change in the role of internal characteristics of the human person in the process of modern production, and the rapid extension of the abyss separating the post-industrial world from the rest of humanity have been formalized in this work. In this article, not only the main characteristics inherent in the post-industrial society in connection with the economy were considered, but also revealed the main problems of the development of economic scientific thought.

The place and role of economic science in post-industrial society

The theory of post-industrial society today is one of the most common concepts that allow an adequate understanding of the large-scale changes that have taken place in Western societies over the past thirty years.

That is why the consideration of the topic "The Place and the Role of Economic Science in Post-Industrial Society" is relevant to the present day.

The analysis of this issue involves considering not only theoretical aspects that characterize the process of modern economic thought, but also the problems of the implementation of this process, as a consequence - the ways to solve them.

The object of this article is the development of a postindustrial society.

The subject is the place and role of economic science in this process.

The purpose of the publication of this article is to identify problems of the development of economic scientific thought and identify ways to solve them in post-industrial society.

For a better coverage of the topic, I propose to consider the following important issues that will make it possible to make an impression about the place and role of economic science in postindustrial society:

- aspects characterizing a post-industrial society;

- positions of economic science;

- outline of the problems of the development of postindustrial society in the interconnection with economic science;

- tendencies of development of scientific economic thought.

Thus, to consider the characteristics of a post-industrial society in conjunction with economic science, I propose first of all, to consider and analyze the interpretation of this concept of various researchers who studied this problem.

The origins of the concept of "post-industrial society" can not be determined with sufficient accuracy. It is highly likely that the term "post-industrialism" was introduced into the scientific revolution by A. Kumaraswamy, author of a number of works on preindustrial development of Asian countries. [4]

The formation of a system of ideas about the nature and nature of modern society was accompanied by active discussions and controversies regarding the adequate designation of the formation of social status.

Until the mid-70's preference was given to the notions in which the prefix "post" was used. An example can be the widespread definition of Western society as "post-bourgeois", "post-capitalist", "post-entrepreneurial" or "post-war", as well as more general concepts that were built on the recognition of the present-day social status of post-traditional, post-civilization or even post-historical nature, at that time in the literature.

However, since the mid-70's accents have shifted to search for more private terms that emphasize one or several most important trends in social development. The broadest recognition was the concept of the information society. There are also known attempts to determine the formation of society in terms of "organized", "conventional" or "programmable" society. It is possible to name a few other concepts, which are based on separate allegedly fundamental signs of modern society, which, however, are revealed by a careful analysis rather superficial and insignificant. The scientific failure to find the basic principles and relationships capable of fully and comprehensively defining the character of a new society is evidenced by an increasingly general character of the proposed concepts. There were even attempts to talk about "active" or "fair" society.

Very remarkable remark of the well-known popularist of modern social theories of A. Toffler that all previously proposed definitions of the future of society, including those given to them by themselves, are not successful. [15]

One can conclude that, on the background of all known definitions, the concept of post-industrial society is most perfect. It emphasizes the main thing overcome and shaped in society, namely - the industrial nature of the former mode of production. In addition, the use of this concept implies, albeit implicitly, that defining signs of a new system, it is impossible to clearly name and describe this system sufficiently enough until it reaches a certain degree of maturity itself. That is why, in my opinion, this term has been used much more often than others since the mid 70's.

A special place in the theory of post-industrial society is occupied by positions borrowed from the economic concepts of our century. First of all, this idea of the three-sectoral models of social production (40's and 50's), separates the entire national economy into primary (agriculture and mining), secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (service sector) sectors. Stages of economic growth (50's and early 60's), often identified with the stages of development of civilization itself, with ideas about the possibility of forming a "unified industrial society". Extremely popular among technocrats in the 1960s, as well as some provisions of the theory of convergence, allowed to consider from relatively unified positions opposition at that time to each other eastern and western blocs.

It would be appropriate to consider the main trends in the development of the modern economy, which is the driving force behind the development of civilization processes in the postindustrial society.

Exploring the trends in the development of economic scientific thought, it should be noted that to date, the economy can be characterized as information science. Let's consider more about this interpretation.

The unambiguous definition of the concept of "information" is rather complicated, because depending on the particular practical sphere of use, this category acquires some of the features inherent in this particular field of application and in many respects specific. However, one can identify a number of common features that allow the definition of the concept of "information", describing its most important aspects, which are manifested in any practical use.

As you know, the term "information" comes from the Latin word "informatio" - first, a statement or an explanation. [11] As an example, there is such a definition. Information is a collection of signals that are perceived by our consciousness, which reflect certain properties of objects and phenomena in the reality surrounding us. The nature of these signals implies the availability of fundamental opportunities for their preservation, transmission, transformation.

Information in the economy manifests itself in many aspects these are just some of the following ways of manifestation:

- the production of information as such is the production sector, that is, the type of economic activity;

- information is a factor of production, one of the fundamental resources of any economic system; - information is the object of sale, that is, serves as a product;

- some of the information is a public good that is consumed by all members of society;

- information is an element of the market mechanism, which, along with the price and utility, affects the determination of the optimal and balanced state of the economic system;

- information in today's conditions becomes one of the most important factors in the competition;

- information becomes a reserve of business and government circles used in decision making and public opinion formation.

Thus, with the establishment of the economy, the information society begins to use not two but four main resources: labor, capital, individual, group and regional freedom, as well as relevant information (constantly updated theoretical knowledge and various kinds of information, including practical skills people) The first two of them are factors of production, the last two - the necessary conditions for their effective use. Thus, the economy of industrial society goes into its next post-industrial phase - the information economy.

The information economy, receiving scientific information from many sources, uses it to influence the processes of the country-wide medium and long-term development scenarios for related industries and sectors of economic knowledge.

Thus, the information economy as a field of knowledge can be characterized as a goal of economics in relation to sectoral economies (they study the economic aspects of the material base of information technology, their effective use, the creation of scientific knowledge and the means of their transfer).

The foregoing is impossible to imagine without the role and significance of economic science in the development of post-industrial society.

In order to draw up a coherent picture of the role and significance of the modern economy for the development of postindustrial society, I would like to emphasize the specifics of contemporary economic science in terms of the tendency of globalization of society.

Modern economic science specifically manifests itself in the study of information as a resource, in a generalized consideration of information relations, combining their individual aspects into a single object, functioning in the market system and state regulation. Her main role is in studying: regular trends in the development of the information and electronic sphere, its functions in the formation and development of information technology in Ukraine; conditions and factors for the effective performance of these functions.

The product of the information economy may be theoretical, methodological and practical conclusions and proposals for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the information and electronic sphere.

In classical economic science, capital was understood in real form: as a set of things (land, buildings, machines, raw materials) capable of, by applying labor, to increase wealth (to generate income). Such a definition of capital is correct for an economy in which the level of development of production, measured by the potential output, is relatively small and the main events occurring in the manufacturing sector. Then, when money began to play a big role in the economy, capital began to be understood in cash: as a set of money for which you can acquire tools and hire labor.

Gradually, as the volume of use of new knowledge increases, the share of ownership of physical objects decreases and the share of intellectual property increases. There is a problem with intellectual property rights. Sometimes it is believed that intellectual property protection is hopeless in a world dominated by information and communication technologies (ICTs). Already today, for example, illegal copying of software products is easy, and tomorrow it will become even easier.

The optimum must be found, which, on the one hand, ensures the receipt of temporary supermarkets, guaranteeing the individual (author's) utility of useful innovation, and, on the other hand, ensures its widest possible dissemination in order to increase the total technological, economic, social, political or cultural potential.

Finally, when the monetary economy becomes innovative, capital begins to function in a monetary and informational form, which only temporarily accepts a form of money and then again turns to information and money. Used in these cases, the information represents knowledge and is understood in three ways: as professional knowledge of the entrepreneur and employee, as technological knowledge of the specialist and as an assumption of all interested actors regarding the future state of affairs.

Labor services in such an economy rely not only on professional skills, but on individualized knowledge and abilities. The labor market offers not a faceless "production service", but a person who possesses in the necessary professional range relatively rare, and sometimes even unique properties.

Qualification, professionalism, knowledge and ability to creativity become the main characteristic of personified labor services, cease to be faceless "labor force". Hired labor, carried out in "necessary" working hours, is gradually replaced by free labor, carried out in free working hours. It is part of the employee's free time, which is used by him not for recreation and entertainment, but for (self) education and retraining, in order to improve his position in the labor market and increase possible revenues.

As a result of these transformations of capital and labor services, one can speak of a single "human capital" with a high proportion of professional intellectual property. To the extent that "human capital" depends on the level of education and science, the latter become "specific factors of production." The current level of education and science, which characterizes this society, becomes a factor in the long-term competitiveness of its economy.

Information economy, solving its main task - the development of recommendations for the effective application of the principles of information technology in specific areas of society, inextricably linked with the practice of strategic planning of structural adjustment of production. The practical application of the knowledge of the information economy, thus, is fully connected with the prospects of developing the modern technological potential of society, with the avant-garde industries that provide economic growth and welfare of the industrialized country.

What are the problems and perceptions of the development of economic science for the post-industrial society presently present? The answer to this question will allow you to follow the main trends in the development of modern economic science. Let's start on our own with the coverage of the problems of the development of modern economic science, which will enable us to understand the problem issues and to imagine how it is possible to avoid them, or to overcome them most effectively.

Currently, in many research papers there is a tendency that science has approached its natural boundary, after which nothing is constructive, then begins a kind of meta-science. Not an exception to the general rule and economy.

Even a superficial analysis of the list allows you to identify several features in dynamics of economic thought. Let's consider them in more detail.

1. Gradual exhaustion of his object of study of economic science. It is possible that from the point of view of science in general, such a process is quite normal, but from the point of view of the very economic science it is a manifestation of the exhaustion of its own, "internal" resources of development. In fact, economists began to work "under the control", trying to catch the interesting ideas in other sciences in time and finally "digest" them with their economic instruments. Apparently, this fact can be determined either as a kind of end to economic science, or as a temporary crisis.

2. Reducing the quality and significance of the results of economic research. Here it should be said about the existence of a methodological provision, according to which there is no economy in the economy and there can be no discoveries. The discovery of new phenomena and laws is the fate of the natural sciences.

3. Reduced scale personality researcher-economist. One of the signs of the completeness of science is the transition to such theories, concepts and constructs that are fundamentally unverifiable, that is, unverifiable. A similar picture is most characteristic of physics, which often operates with objects (elemental particles), which in principle can not be identified. For example, in order to detect particles used by the modern field theory, it is necessary to construct an accelerator whose diameter would be equal to the diameter of the solar system. Unfortunately, something similar is observed in economic science.

For example, the theory of reflexivity operates with such concepts as "fundamental conditions" and "advantages". However, in practice, finding the measurement of such concepts is not possible. The fact is that the fundamental conditions assume a whole vector of indicators, many of which can not be measured. For example, in assessing the prospects of any firm should take into account the psychological climate that has been established between the employees of this company. But how do you rate it? In addition, the current state of this firm largely depends on the future situation, which is also unclear how to assess. In relation to the benefits, that is, existing in the minds of the minds of the minds of the heads of economic reality, in general, we can not say anything definite. If we can not measure the fundamental conditions and benefits, then we can not test the theory based on these concepts. If we can not evaluate the main variables of economic theory, then we can not trace and moreover control the correctness of all the logical chains of this theory. If desired, the same phenomenon can be equally successfully explained with the help of various unverifiable theories, and it is impossible to determine which explanation is better, more correct. However, in this case, another important thing is important, namely: at the present stage, the economic science is increasingly using abstract concepts and generates very beautiful and powerful theories that, with all their sophistication, can not be verified.

Currently, in the depths of economic science, there are several trends that reflect, on the one hand, the contradictions in the science itself, and on the other - the crisis that the economy has fallen many years ago. One of these trends is as follows: the unresolved fundamental, basic problems on the background of the finest studies of all the non-essential trifles.

Mathematization of the economy transcends all conceivable boundaries, econometric studies filled all scientific publications, and a number of global issues remain unclear. However, if we abstract from this strange peculiarity of economic science, then we can state that, in general, I go out and everything. In other words, it is currently hard to surprise the scientific community with new research. In fact, all problems were discussed, discussed and even resolved.

Consequently, any advance forward becomes less noticeable. One can say that all the main economists already know, it remains to find out some details that in no case will change the face of modern science. This fact itself can greatly undermine the enthusiasm of many ambitious researchers.

Unfortunately, almost all the fascinating, intriguing economic problems do not necessarily involve the automatic application of their decisions in practice. For example, studying the problem of general equilibrium, studying the role of free time, understanding the laws of the conversion of the socialist system to the capitalist, etc. do not foresee any serious practical recommendations. On the other hand, a number of life problems in the scientific plan is completely toothless and uninteresting. For example, the economic aspects of privatization are paramount to the development of the national economy, but from a purely scientific point of view, they do not bear anything new.

Thus, at this stage of its development, economic science represents a very heterogeneous mass of knowledge, the individual elements of which vary greatly from the point of view of these four criteria. One can say that there is a disproportionate development and the most economic discipline: the winning on one criterion is accompanied by an obvious loss in another. The share of economic knowledge that meets simultaneously all four criteria is very small.

In addition to the specific problems of economic science, there is another problem that is inherent in all science at the present stage. Not looking at it, we will not understand the end of those shifts that have undergone economic knowledge. Imagine the logic of the development of science, as it sees us. Perhaps our picture will be somewhat simplistic, but it seems, in general, it correctly reflects the social dynamics.

Science has always evolved against the backdrop of developing science needs. At the same time, both science and the needs in it evolve, on the one hand, according to their own laws, and on the other - not independently of each other. Moreover, the connection between them has a reflexive nature, that is, the needs of people stimulate the development of science, and the development of science leads to the growth and qualitative transformation of human needs. Thus, these two phenomena (social needs in science and the possibilities of science), as if pushing each other, capturing humanity upward on the trajectory of social development to new frontiers of scientific achievements and living standards.

First, at the initial stage, the needs of mankind were considerably superior to the possibilities of only the newly born science. To illustrate this thesis we consider the simplest example with a prehistoric person. Living in difficult conditions, people in many respects needed. Even to hunt for a mammoth, it was necessary to have the appropriate weapon, for which the necessary knowledge and skills were needed. However, at that time and such a primitive knowledge was a great deficit, because the field of knowledge of that time (which, of course, did not exist as a social institution), could not give answers even to the simplest questions. This situation persisted for almost the entire history of mankind. Secondly, science develops in accordance with its own laws and, as a rule, at a higher pace than needs in it. We can say that if public needs grew linearly, then the scientific results are fundamentally nonlinear. And on a certain section of history, science began to move forward in exponentiality, that is, especially fast. This orientation of the process led to the fact that at first the inconsistency between needs and opportunities was diminishing over time, and the social system sought to some degree of equilibrium.

Thirdly, the process of self-development of science has a high degree of inertia. This means the following: when science reaches a level that can meet all the basic needs of mankind, it can no longer stay in its development and continue to grow.

Thus, the achieved equilibrium is again violated and the social system from the state of "lack of" science passes into the state of its "excess" (phase to the right of the equilibrium point). Precisely diagnose the moment of equilibrium is difficult enough. This is due to the fact that both the need for science and the results of science are vector values. Therefore, the backwardness of science from the needs of some indicators may be accompanied by their advance on the other. In our view, the balance of needs and capabilities of science was achieved approximately in the 60's of XX century. When all the main discoveries were made and certain stability of the world economy was achieved.

Fourth, the development of science in the second phase of the phase of its "excess" is significantly slowed down. This fact is quite obvious. At the first stage, science gets a powerful impetus to development, based on its own needs. In other words, it is a period of self-sufficiency of science, when it sets itself the task itself and solves itself. However, such expensive pleasure can not last long, and the second stage begins. Here, social needs in science can not stimulate science, since they themselves are behind it. On the contrary, the needs, having in relation to the science of "attracts" the property, begin to grab her "down". Science is forced to adapt to needs and limit its horizons, that is, it becomes more grounded. In this period, there is a need not so much for discovering a new one as the use of existing luggage. It is at this stage of development that the modern world community is located.

All of the above does not allow unambiguously to assert that modern economic science is in a state close to the crisis. In the formation of such a picture are involved as general factors, characteristic for the development of modern science in general, as well as private, associated with the specifics of economic knowledge. There are all symptoms of a critical period, when economic science should get a "second breath". Based on the foregoing, some assumptions can be made regarding the role of the national economy in transforming itself into a post-industrial society.

At the beginning of the consideration of the question of the final transition of the Ukrainian society to the post-industrial and the role played by the economic science, I would like to express the assumptions of scientists who believe that a more developed country points to less developed traits of its own future. [17]

This thesis has the right to life in the modern process of globalization. Therefore, one can not but admit that the whole industrial world, to which our country now belongs, in the long run will inevitably repeat (naturally, with certain modifications and peculiarities) the way developed by developed post-industrial countries such as the United States, Great Britain.

It is this fact that necessitates an impartial study of the theory of post-industrial society, which, in its most general features, can not but become the methodological basis of any modern social science doctrine.

At the same time, the post-industrial concept is not complete and rigidly opposed to any modifications and improvements. The most important vectors of its development today should be two areas in the study of which domestic researchers, for obvious reasons, are interested in the least.

On the one hand, the tendencies of development of Western countries convincingly testify that the role of man in the modern economic system is radically different from that which he played in the industrial economy. In recent years, technological progress leads to the fact that the creative abilities of the individual, his ability to generate new knowledge and information become the main resource of tomorrow. Moreover, the most important difference between a modern worker and a traditional proletarist is a new character of motives and incentives that determine his daily activities. To a greater extent, they are transformed from external, determined by the desire to increase material well-being, in the inner, generated by the thirst for self-realization and personal growth. As the main source of progress of Western societies is the development of the components of their personalities, the best form of investment is consumption.

There is an economic paradox, in which the maximization of current consumption, improves the human potential of the nation, provides the fastest technological development, widens the abyss separating the western world from the rest of civilization.

Ukraine has every opportunity to become one of the most developed countries in terms of developing economic science. First of all - very serious mathematical education, and secondly - a huge set of problems faced by our state, which forces the economists to be interested in solving problems taking into account the model of functioning of the EU abroad, and thirdly, we have a large and very diverse country, and it is possible to make econometric studies in the regions, to compare their statistics, modeling development trends.

Taking into account current trends, it is necessary to analyze the ways of improving and developing economic science.

From the above it is clear the specifics of the current stage of economic science development:

not new scientific research is needed, but an effective application and implementation of already existing knowledge;

we need not discovery on our own, but innovations in the use of already existing discoveries.

Only in this case the emerging imbalance between needs and opportunities will be reduced.

Currently, the potential of science is quite significant, but many of the open yet does not find a decent use. Thus, humanity is part of an era of great applied research. Of course, this does not mean that fundamental research will be (or should be) nullificised.

Modern economic science, until now, has accumulated, we can say, an infinite amount of knowledge. In fact, modern 24 economists quite well understand the mechanism of functioning of the economic system. At the same time, virtually all countries are constantly faced with rather painful economic problems that, it would seem, should no longer arise. This is not the weakness of economic science, as it may sometimes seem, but the inability or unwillingness to use its fruits. In this sense, the problem of not further building up the potential of economic science, but increasing the art of its application to specific situations is much more acute now. The nearest analogy of this process is in the engineering business. For example, modern mechanics, physics and mathematics, in principle, can solve most of today's technical problems, but not every engineer can understand how to do this. It can even be argued that the economic success of a particular country is not directly related to the potential of the economic science that it possesses. Yes, Germany, which does not have a strong economic school, has a very strong economy. Japan, too, is by no means a fashion designer in the field of economic thought, has been perceived as an economic miracle for more than a decade. Recently, China is on the same path.

At the heart of this phenomenon are two facts. The first - the named countries are able to apply economic knowledge, including those produced abroad. Second - not all economic science is needed for these countries to achieve good practical results. For example, in the case of the Federal Reserve (US Federal Reserve), George Soros wrote that the key to its effective work lies in the skillful combination of science and pragmatism. [14] If the US Federal Reserve tried to implement all the modern economic science in its practice, then it would most likely have had terrible consequences. So, nowadays not only deep researchers of the economy are needed, how many people who know the economy and can use their knowledge to achieve practical results.

This fact is reflected in the level of remuneration of economists of different profiles. The market requires good accountants, auditors, managers, brokers, brokers, financial and commercial directors, analysts, etc. Such specialists may sometimes receive astronomical revenues. But even the largest economists, in case of an unfavorable coincidence, may be left without livelihood. It is likely that this trend will continue to grow. Said allows you to draw a peculiar portrait of a successful person (including an economist) of the future: this is a highly skilled specialist, knows a lot; and this knowledge is positive, that is, they are not superfluous and can be used in practice. At present, there is a lot of absolutely unnecessary material in economic science that the problem now is to purify science by getting rid of this "junk." However, how to filter this "junk" is unclear. All this puts serious obstacles to the further rapid movement of economic science.

To date, there is a paradoxical situation: the most significant results can only be obtained in the field of mathematization of the economy, and the latter has reached such a level of complexity that "detaches" from itself the overwhelming part of its potential consumers. In this case, there is a certain contradiction in the development of science. The main way of knowledge of economic systems was mathematical modeling. By definition, the model is a simplified reflection of reality to facilitate research. If the model becomes too complex, then it loses its value as an instrument of knowledge.

In fact, in the economy, the process of cognition has hit the barrier of instrumental complexity. Something similar has long been happening in physics, where the general field theory has turned into such a complex area of knowledge that in the whole world it is fully known to only five to six people Considering the specifics of modern economic science, one can point out one more very important feature of its kind of "mechanistic" degeneration. The economy is the most "inhumane" among all social sciences. This is due not only to the fact that it treats the so-called "human person" as a rational subject, abstracting from his moral and ethical motives and subtle emotional experiences.

Unlike sociology, political science, history and law, in which the human factor comes to the fore and acts in its uncovered form, the economy considers the whole socioeconomic organism as a kind of "interest-fighting." In other words, all impulses of the human soul in the economy are objectified in various economic indices, such as: refinancing rate, reserve norm, interest on a loan, interest on deposits, stock quotes, coupon bonds, rate of return, rate of inflation, exchange rates, etc. Decisions taken by economic agents are based on the data of interest rates data.

The task of simple rules of manipulation of such indicators almost completely eliminates the person from economic research, which reduces to the study of "objective" interconnections between the various "percentages" and the clarification of the laws in their change. The modern language of economists is the language of interest. Of course, professionals understand what stands for each percentage, but it does not change that the social factor is increasingly excluded from contemporary economic research with the desire to analyze the situation in an extremely objective, impersonal form.

The above leads us to the conclusion that economic science has now finally turned into a technical science that deals with the setup and optimization of the relevant technical parameters. Very often when working with economic parameters about a person in general are forgotten. In my opinion, such a techno-mechanistic roll in economic research is clearly caused by the crisis of the genre with a corresponding loss in the analysis of some essential moments of the subject of the study.

Modern economic science has a number of peculiarities, which in future years will probably impede its further development. Let's consider only three features that seem most important and interesting.

For the average researcher-economist, the main problem lies primarily in the fact that virtually any issue that he is taken to consider, there are already developments. Therefore, it's extremely difficult to say something fundamentally new. This from the very beginning assumes excavation of the researcher in details, which can not give a great scientific effect. Psychologically, this situation of affairs leads to the fact that in any reasonable person the hands fall before the abyss of existing economic literature. The profound disappointment is also experienced by experienced economists. Thus, the saturation of economic science with all possible developments has a definite psychological result. At the beginning of the path of the researcher - fear, in the end - disappointment.

Given that we are now in a phase of overflowing information space with scientific knowledge, in the near future, science is likely to be funded worse. This applies to all countries, and the poor - especially. Reducing funding will serve as an additional incentive for many economists to leave their academic career. Already, US science, the leader in the remuneration of scientific staff, can not bring its own citizens to their ranks, due to which many American universities are filled with immigrants from other countries. In the future, such a trend threatens to push out the most mobile economists in applied market niches and the weakening of the positions of economic science.

This situation is a consequence of the formation of a new concept, according to which even pure scientific know-how is desirable not to advertise. Only in this case, you can get the maximum reward for your own research. The question of scientific priority, as a rule, goes back to the background. The painted picture can be supplemented. Opens a new opportunity to publish their research on the Internet, which generally reduces the value of printed scientific products.

The most important resource of modern society is not information, such as the objective essence, but knowledge, that is, information that is learned by man and does not exist beyond his consciousness. It is this "subjective" character of the modern economy, and it identifies some new trends that might have seemed fantastic until recently.

To date, globalization has become a process tightly conditioned by the transformation of post-industrial countries, and the doctrine of the multipolar world, put forward by the political establishment, turns out to be no more than another beautiful illusion.

information economy post-industrial

Conclusions

Postindustrial society in the work is interpreted as a society in whose economy as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a substantial increase in the income of the population the priority passed from the predominant production of goods to the production of services. Close to the post-industrial theory are the concepts of information society, post-economic society, postmodernism, "third wave", "society of the fourth formation", "scientific and information stage of the principle of production." Some futurologists believe that post-industrialism is only a prologue for the transition to a "posthuman" phase of the development of earthly civilization. It is the circumstances of the irreversibility of processes generated by the change in the role of internal characteristics of the human person in the process of modern production, and the rapid extension of the abyss separating the post-industrial world from the rest of humanity have been formalized in this work.

In this article, not only the main characteristics inherent in the post-industrial society in connection with the economy were considered, but also revealed the main problems of the development of economic scientific thought.

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