Implementation of international institutional ensuring of mariculture on the basis of sustainable development in Ukraine

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Implementation of international institutional ensuring of mariculture on the basis of sustainable development in Ukraine

PhD in Economics, Researcher

SO ”Institute of Market and Economic and Ecological Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Odesa, Ukraine

World experience includes a wide variety of regulations and other documents, the subject of which is mariculture as a specialized industry. Analysis of the legal acts of the world among the available sources allows us to conclude that the most detailed in content is the institutional support of Peru and Brazil. The following countries are ranked as follows: Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and New Zealand. Among these are a number of countries that are characterized by sufficient development of mariculture and we can only emphasize the lack of available information from the legal framework of these countries or the quality and sufficient content of a small number of legislative acts. The most prominent representatives of the sustainable development of the specialized mariculture industry are: Peru, Brazil, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Cape Verde, Panama, East Timor, Jamaica, Belize, Liberia, El Salvador, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands. you, Vanuatu, Georgia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico (Fig. 1). The leaders are the Brazil, Peru, United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. international institutional ensuring

According to the information on the legal framework of the world, you can take into account and consider the institutional support of countries such as Brazil, Peru, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom (Fig. 2). Based on the pricing policy and the current state of gross domestic product, it is recommended to pay the most attention to the institutional security of mariculture in Peru. Emphasizing that this country is a major country and territory for the development of mariculture, almost on a par with China (Huang, 2018).

In the countries of the European Union and Peru it is developing on the basis of the idea of its definition of mariculture as specialized. However, most legislation is designed to emphasize aquaculture. According to world practices, mariculture is divided into marine aquaculture, freshwater aquaculture and aquaculture in brackish waters and are isolated industries. Because mariculture is characterized by individual features of its development, in particular, it has a rich variety of species of animals and plants that require certain approaches to their cultivation. Many of these issues are covered in the regulatory documents of the European Union, which should be taken into account when building and improving the institutional support of mariculture in Ukraine.

However, consideration of the legal framework of other countries shows that there are Guidelines for national development policies specifically for mariculture, for example in India (National Mariculture Policy, 2019). India's fisheries sector has a number of sub-sectors and relevant national policies for each of them, namely: National Maritime Policy, National Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy, National Mariculture Policy.

Fig. 1. Diagram of institutional support of mariculture on the basis of sustainable development in the world for 1926-2022

Source: authorial development on the basis of the analyzed normative-legal acts of the countries of the world (the names of the countries with the largest normative-legal base on mariculture are noted)

These decisions are more correct and can be taken into account as additional provisions for the development of mariculture in Ukraine. The main provisions that can be taken into account as the implementation in Ukraine, namely the characteristics of mariculture in Peru as a world leader (after China) and Spain as a leader of the European Union according to previous studies, namely the state of economic development and mariculture. It can be determined that the leading countries (after China) Spain and Peru have provisions in their institutional base, which are highly effective both for these countries and can be implemented in the development of mariculture in Ukraine.

Spain's multifunctional system of government is based on the concept of autonomous organizations and institutions, professional associations and cooperatives. This plays quite harmoniously against the background of the decentralization process in Ukraine. Where each institute (organization) is responsible for the development of mariculture.

Fig. 2. Diagram of the current state of GDP in Brazil, North America, Peru, Ukraine,

Australia, Great Britain (in US mln.dollars) - for 1990-2020.

Source: authorial development using (World Bank, 2022).

An important role is played by the Fund for Regulation and Marketing of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (FROM - Fund for Regulation and Organization of the Market of Pesca y Cultivos Marinos) and the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Orientation (FOP - Instrumento Financiero de Orientacion de la Pesca). The mai n tasks are to promote the consumption of fishery products and provide technical or financial assistance to associations, cooperatives and enterprises in the field and the development of fisheries and marine aquaculture.

The legal framework is based on sustainable development, which is not presented in detail in all countries. Sufficiently developed and popularized scientific and educational component: courses, training activities and activities adapted to the needs of the fisheries and marine aquaculture sector, including training of trainers.

In general, the development of institutional support in Spain is based on the principles of production of species with market potential, protection and improvement of the environment, support of traditional aquaculture and mariculture, human and animal health, quality and specificity of action, socioeconomic efficiency.

Peru's government system is also decentralized. The mariculture industry finds support among the many intertwined governing bodies, institutions, organizations and institutions. Authorities that have protective functions for humans, the environment, animals, etc. are of great importance. Responsible for compliance with the rules of international laws, conventions and agreements. Conduct control and monitoring to prevent and combat the effects of pollution.

The development of a statistical information base for monitoring, evaluation and decision-making by socio-economic agents, the public sector and communities is high. The country has conducted zoning and appropriate certification for aquaculture and mariculture activities. Management tools such as the National Aquaculture and Mariculture Cadastre and the Single Aquaculture Window have been established, a system by which a natural or legal person interested in investing in aquaculture implements the procedures required by the competent authorities governing access to aquaculture. The legal framework, as in Spain, is built on the principles of sustainable development and is consistent with the regulations of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Mariculture is one of the few industries that can ensure the growth of both rural and coastal areas. With the right approach to location, development, management and regulation, the mariculture industry can bring environmental benefits. These include increasing biodiversity, improving water quality, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Coastal mariculture can also be a way to minimize the demands and pressures of the marine environment through the use of recycling systems and advanced technologies that ensure efficient use of resources while curbing and mitigating discharges and using relatively small areas of land to grow large amounts of food. The economic advantages, in the rational management of this industry, are export income and income in related chains (supply, processing, packaging). The development of such systems is an opportunity to diversify livelihoods on the coast by stimulating new local jobs. Grown seafood, as a vital source of protein and other useful vitamins and trace elements, can promote domestic production of food and cosmetics, meet health and food safety requirements. Mariculture as a highly productive industry based on sustainable development practices is the key to food and environmental security, a sustainable seafood supply chain and significant socio-economic benefits for coastal areas.

References:

[1] Ministry of fisheries, animal husbandry & dairying government of India (2019).

National Mariculture Policy: Draft https://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Revised%20draft%20-

%20NMP-2019.pdf.

[2] Huang, S. (2018). Book review: Aquaculture in China: Success stories and modern trends.

Aquaculture and Fisheries. 3(4). 174-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2018.07.001.

[3] World Bank: data. https://data.worldbankorg/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2020&locations=BR-XU-PE-UAAU-GB&start=2010&view=chart.

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