The VAT problems of functioning and perfection

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

University of International Business

DEPARTMENT "FINANCE AND CREDIT"

Cource project

On theme:

The VAT problems of functioning and perfection

Introduction

kazakhstan value аdded tax

To make my job more interesting and useful, I took as an example the Republic of Kazakhstan and its tax system and to describe it more detailed about my theme in general, and to show the structure of VAT and how it works.

Before I begin my introduction, let's find out what means VAT.

A Value Added Tax (VAT) - indirect tax exemptions in the form of the state budget of the value added, which is created at all stages of production of goods and services and paid to the budget as the implementation.

In the early 80s - 90s in Kazakhstan began market reforms. All spheres of economic life have been subjected to reform. Special attention was paid to the previously unknown in our country of tax relations. One of the first compulsory payments was a tax on added value. Over the years, it firmly established in the tax system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Currently VAT - one of the main taxes to the state. The basis of his collection of value added, which is created at all stages of production and distribution of goods. This tax is traditionally classified as universal indirect taxes in the form of original premiums charged by including in the price of goods, carrying the main burden of taxation on the final consumers of goods and services.

VAT as the most significant indirect tax has two complementary functions: fiscal and regulatory. The first is to mobilize significant revenues from this tax to the budget at the expense of ease of collection and sustainable base of taxation. In turn, the control function is shown to stimulate capital formation and strengthening of control over terms of promoting products and their quality.

During the existence of VAT, acting mechanism of calculation and collection undergone significant changes. Therefore, taxpayers have many questions on the interpretation and explaining the procedure of this tax. This fact determines the relevance of the chosen topic.

Relevance of the theme of course work is related with the fact that VAT today is one of the most important taxes paid by enterprises and organizations. Questions of its calculation and payment attract attention of many local economists, and widely discussed in the pages of periodical press. Interest in the resolution of the issue was the main cause of choosing this topic of my course of researching.

The aim of this work are:

- Understand what is VAT and how does it work.

- Find and solve problems related to VAT.

- Study of the value, location and role of value added tax, as one of the general taxes forming the budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

During the course of the study, we solve the following problems:

-introduction to the theoretical foundations of the value added tax (payers, objects of taxation the calculation and payment);

-study of the problems of functioning and development of the VAT in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Chapter 1. Theoretical basis of the value added tax

1.1 The essence of value added tax

So, Value added tax is a form of seizures in the budget of the increased value created throughout the process of production of goods and services.

Payers of value added tax are those who got registered for value added tax in the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with Article 208 of the Tax Code, except for government agencies.

The person must submit an application to the tax authority for registration for value added tax no later than fifteen calendar days after the end of any period (not more than twelve), following which the rate of turnover of sale of goods (works, services) exceeded the minimum sales turnover set by paragraph 3 of article 208 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In determining the sales turnover is not considered sales turnover exempted from tax in accordance with Article 225 of the Tax Code, as well as the sale turnover of personal property of an individual, if such property is not used for business.

For the purposes of paragraph 1 of Article 208 of the Tax Code of Republic of Kazakhstan taxpayer settlements with the budget in a special tax regime for private (peasant) farms, in determining the amount of turnover of sale may not take into account sales turnover from activities falling under this special tax treatment.

In the case of a legal person divisions turnover of the size determined based turnover from the sale of all organizational units of the person.

Minimum sales turnover is 12,000 times the monthly index that is installed on the last month of the period referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 208 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

Payer of value added tax, structural units which are recognized as independent payers of value added tax in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article shall apply (or give instructions to their business units submit) to the tax authorities of the location of the structural units of an application to register for the value-added tax.

In setting the person registration for value added tax it is entitled to set-off amounts of value added tax on the balance of goods (including fixed assets) as of the date of registration in accordance with Article 235 of the Tax Code.

The tax authority may, without application of the person to put it on record for the value added tax in determining the cases provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 208 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The object of taxation is as follows:

Sale of goods in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the sale of collateral and the transfer of property rights.

Transfer of goods in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan for their own needs, the costs are not deductible.

Construction and installation works for their own consumption.

Importation of goods into the customs territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Not recognized as a taxable:

Operations related to the treatment of local and foreign currency;

Transfer of fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets of the organization to its successor in the reorganization of the organization;

Transfer of fixed assets, intangible assets and other property of non-profit organizations to carry out the main statutory activities not related to the business;

Transfer of property, if such transfer is of the nature of the investment;

The transfer of property within the original contribution to a participant of the economic entity or partnership, when the output of the business association or partnership, as well as in the distribution of property of the business association or partnership between the parties;

Transfer at no cost houses, kindergartens, clubs, health and other social and cultural facilities, housing and utilities, as well as roads, electrical networks, substations, gas pipelines, water intake structures, and other similar facilities to the state authorities and local self-government;

Transfer at no cost of fixed assets to the state power and government and local authorities, as well as budgetary institutions, state and municipal unitary enterprises.

1.2 The importance and role of VAT in the tax system

Among the many economic levers by which the state influences on the market economy, occupy an important place taxes. In market conditions the tax system is one of the most important economic regulators, the basis of financial and credit mechanism of state regulation of the economy. State tax policy is widely used as a specific regulator of the negative impact on the market conditions. Taxes, like the rest of the tax system, are a powerful tool of economic management in the marketplace

The excess amount of tax applied as a credit over the amount of tax assessed for the tax period, be credited against future payments to the VAT.

On turnover taxed at a zero rate, the excess referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan, returned to the payer of value added tax in accordance with Article 252 of the Tax Code, if the following conditions are met:

1) the payer of the VAT is a constant realization of goods that are subject to the zero rate;

2) The sales turnover taxed at a 0 rate, for each of the three months preceding the month of application for refund, at least 75 percent of the total taxable sales turnover.

3) In case of default of the conditions stipulated in paragraph 2 of this Article, the excess returned to the payer of value added tax in the amount of the tax credit allocation in the goods used for the purpose of trafficking, taxed at a 0 rate, consistent with its obligations on value-added tax for previous periods.

In determining the amount of the VAT to be refunded in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan, recorded exports of goods for which foreign exchange earnings received by the taxpayer bank accounts opened in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

If the payer of value added tax, which has turnover taxed at a zero rate, did not apply to the tax authorities with a request for the refund of value added tax, is referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article the excess credited against future payments of value added tax in the tax period following the tax reporting period.

Except as provided in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan, be refunded the VAT:

1) paid to suppliers of goods purchased by the grant funds, as provided by Article 253 of the Tax Code;

2) paid by diplomatic and equivalent representative to suppliers for goods used for the official use of foreign diplomatic equivalent representative, as well as for the personal use of diplomatic, administrative and technical staff of these offices, including members of their families with them, in the cases provided for in Article 254 of the Tax Code;

3) the overpaid amount to the budget of value added tax in accordance with the Articles 39 and 40 of the Tax Code.

On turnover taxed at 0 rate, repayment of value added tax shall be made within 60 days of receipt of the application by the tax authority of the tax refund granted by the payer of value added tax in the form established by the authorized government body, and on the basis of:

1) Declaration on the value added tax for the tax period;

2) the documents required under Article 223 of the Tax Code to confirm the export of goods;

3) validation of the amount of tax that is charged to a refund, in accordance with the act of a tax audit, produced by the tax authority.

Refund of value added tax is made by:

1) offset the value added tax to pay off available to the payer of VAT tax liability for this and other types of taxes;

2) offset against VAT payable on imported goods;

3) offset against the value added tax payable in accordance with Article 221 of the Tax Code;

4) transfer to the bank account of the payer of value added tax. Procedure for refund of value added tax in accordance with this paragraph is determined by the Authority.

Chapter 2. Analysis of the significance and place on added value in the tax system of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2.1 The calculation and payment of VAT

Organizations engaged in processing of agricultural raw materials, shall pay the VAT in the manner prescribed by paragraph 2 of Article 244 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

For the purpose of this article to organizations of agricultural raw materials, are organizations, concerned the following conditions:

1) at least 95 percent of the total annual income is income receivable (received) as a result of the following activities, other than those in catering:

meat;

preserving of fruit and vegetables;

animal oils and fats;

processing of milk and cheese;

manufacture of products of the milling industry;

Manufacture of bread;

production of food preparations and dietetic food products;

2) do not apply the special tax treatment, except for a special tax regime for small businesses;

3) is not involved in the production, processing and sale of excisable goods. The amount of the VAT, calculated in accordance with Article 245 of the Tax Code shall be reduced by 80 percent.

The VAT rate is 14 percent and is applied to the amount of taxable turnover, except as provided in paragraph 2 of Article 245 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

The VAT rate is 15 percent and is applied to the amount of taxable turnover, except as provided in paragraph 2 of Article 245 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

The VAT is 11 percent and is applied to the amount of taxable turnover, except as provided in paragraph 2 of Article 245 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

Taxed at 0 rate of value added tax on the turnover of goods, referred to in Articles 221 - 223-2, 223-3. Tax Code.

Unless otherwise stipulated by Article 244 Tax Code of Republic of Kazakhstan, the rate of the VAT on taxable imports is 16 percent the size of the taxable imports laid down in Article 221 of the Tax Code.

The importation of goods conveyed by natural persons under the simplified procedure, the VAT may be paid in the aggregate customs payment under paragraph 1 of Article 515 of the Tax Code, the amount of which is determined in accordance with the customs legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The tax period for the VAT is a calendar month or quarter, at the option of the payer of the VAT, except as specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.

If the average amount of VAT payable to the budget for the previous quarter, more than 2000 monthly estimates, the tax period is a calendar month.

For payers of the VAT, a special tax regime for businesses, agricultural producers, the tax period for the VAT, to be paid to the implementation of activities, which are subject to this special tax treatment is the tax year.

The tax period for the VAT, to be paid to the implementation of other activities, determined in accordance with paragraphs 1-4 of Article 245 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Payer of the VAT returns must be submitted to the VAT for each tax period, the 30th day of the month following the tax period, unless otherwise provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 245 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan.

Payers of the VAT, a special tax regime for businesses - agricultural products, submit a declaration to the value added tax for each quarter of the 30th day of the month following the reporting quarter.

At the same time a declaration is register invoices for goods (works, services) purchased during the tax period (in the case provided for by paragraph 2 of Article 246 of the Tax Code of Kazakhstan, - during the quarter). Form registry invoices established by the Authority.

The VAT is paid on the imported goods on the day determined by the customs legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the payment of customs duties, except for the value added tax payable by the taxpayer in the cases specified in Article 251 of the Tax Code, in the manner established by the authorized body on customs affairs in coordination with the Authority.

The deadline for payment of the VAT on imported goods may be changed in accordance with Article 250 of the Tax Code.

For the purposes of this article, industrial processing of products means their further use in the production process, provided that at least one of the following conditions:

1) obtained after industrial processing of goods has a non-used goods code of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity at any of the first four digits;

2) in the production of goods are subject to chemical attack using additional labor.

Changing the term of payment of tax on the added value in accordance with this article based on the following documents: copy of the contract for the supply of goods.

Payers of the VAT, regularly receive goods imports for industrial operating, authorized government agency grants permission to the customs clearance of products from the payment of the VAT on the modified terms of acting in a calendar year.

The authorization referred to in this paragraph will be grounds for the customs clearance of goods from the change in the date due for the VAT for no more than three months from the date of the customs declaration by the customs authority.

For permission to authorized state body, the documents referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article, as well as the conclusion of the tax authority at the place of registration of the payer of the VAT, if they have a production capacity and facilities.

The decision to change the date due for the value added tax on imported goods referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article will be adopted by the tax authorities within five working days of receipt of the taxpayer's added value applications and supporting documents specified in this article.

Payment of tax, for which the modified terms of payment in accordance with this article, in the three-month period, the tax authorities shall by mutual budget for the value added tax on goods sold.

To the amount of outstanding debt accrued penalties the first day after the expiration of the two-month period.

In case of sale of goods without industrial processing of the VAT is calculated in accordance with Article 243 of the Tax Code in imposing a fine in accordance with established procedure.

The VAT paid by offsetting in accordance with this Article, the import of the following goods:

1) equipment;

2) agricultural machinery;

3) The freight rolling stock vehicles;

3-1) helicopters and aircraft;

3-2) of railway locomotives;

3-3) ships;

4) spare parts;

5) insecticides.

The list of goods and the order of its formation are determined by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In this case, the list includes goods whose production is not on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 247 of the Tax Code of Republic of Kazakhstan apply to goods imported by the payer of the VAT for their own production needs.

Payer of the VAT to the customs office is a copy of the certificate of registration for the VAT, and a commitment to reflection in the Declaration on the VAT amount of the VAT payable on import of goods referred to in paragraph 1 of this articles, and on the proper use of these products.

The obligation to be completed in triplicate, in the form prescribed by the Authority.

Based on commitments the release of goods for free circulation is made without actual payment of VAT, subject to payment in the prescribed manner of customs duties and excise on goods and excise taxes.

The amount of the VAT referred to in obligations recorded in the declaration on the VAT as gross tax amount at which time it goes in accordance with Article 235 of the Tax Code.

Further, use of the products specified in paragraph 1 of Article 244 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is crucial to the VAT in accordance with the Code.

In determining the number of VAT to be recompensed in accordance with this article included elements of the customs authority, confirming the export of products from the customs area of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the export, presented in the form and in the way approved by the authorized government figure in consultation with the authorized body on customs works..

Responsibility for the information confirming the export of products from the customs area of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the export regime is Customs.

2.2 Analysis of VAT revenues to the state budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The largest of the indirect taxes that are used in Kazakhstan, is a tax on value added. He entered in 1992. and together with the excise duty quantitatively replaced previously existing value added tax and sales tax. VAT based on the use of fixed wholesale and retail prices, in terms of liberalization of fishing could not exist, so it was necessary to replace the value added tax. However, the imposition of VAT in 1992. reflected a significant drawback of the newly introduced tax system - a weak link between individual elements, allowing the possibility of multiple taxation of the same objects. In the future, improving the system of indirect taxation, should be careful with indirect taxes, thoughtless use of which could lead to a sharp deterioration of the material conditions of much of the citizens. Along with the value added tax system of indirect taxation are used excise imposed on the individual product groups. Their introduction in 1992. was due to the abolition of the turnover tax.

Execution of the republican budget for 2005 amounted to 94.1% VAT. In this case, the performance of the VAT incurred on goods, works and services rendered in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and for non-residents amounted to 69.5%, or 71.4 billion tenge terms actually received 49.6 billion tenge.

Table 1 - Income Tax in the budget (thousands tg.)

Additions | 2005 | 2006 |

Value added tax | 187779399 | 197658312 |

Value added tax on manufactured goods, works and services rendered in the Republic of Kazakhstan | 56116497 | 57896421 |

Value-added tax on goods imported into the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, except for the value added tax on goods originating in and imported from the territory of the Russian Federation | 75930127 | 78562645 |

Value-added tax for non-resident | 8500626 | 8659242 |

Value-added tax on goods originating and imported from the territory of the Russian Federation | 45194145 | 46895349 |

Value added tax, the additional accrual as a result of an independent examination of the customs value of goods imported into Kazakhstan, except value added tax on goods originating in and imported from Russia | 1291542 | 136894659 |

Value added tax, the additional accrual as a result of an independent examination of the customs value of goods originating and imported from the territory of the Russian Federation | 746 462 | 768 935 |

The main reason is the failure to refund VAT to exporters, according to the application for a VAT refund. In the whole country in 2005, offset by a zero rate VAT in the amount of 90.9 billion, or by 29.4 billion tenge more than the same period last year.

Analyzing the data in Table 3, we can say the following. On January 1, 2006, the amount of VAT to be reimbursed from the state budget was, 95.3 billion tenge, and from the beginning of 2005 has increased by 39.8%. Growth rates of reimbursement of VAT, as noted by the Audit Committee, outpaced the growth of VAT revenues. In 2005, compared with 2004 growth of VAT revenues was 7.5%, and the reimbursement of VAT 47.8%. The amount of reimbursement to exporters increased from 61.5 billion or 40.8% of the amount of VAT revenue produced goods, services rendered in the territory of Kazakhstan and VAT for non-residents in 2004 to 90.9 billion tenge or 56.1% in 2005 year, respectively. In addition, the Audit Committee determined that the report form 1-N "On sums of taxes and payments to the budget" funds were not reflected in the amount of 13.2 billion. Refunded diplomatic and equivalent representative, to acquire a through grants goods and services under contracts. As a result of the national budget in 2005 was offset by the VAT on the total amount of 104.1 billion, or 64.3% of the amount of VAT revenue, not 90.9 billion, as reflected in the report of the Government.

Despite ongoing improvements to the fiscal legislation and strengthening tax administration, many problems still to be resolved.

In the republic of adjusting and methodological maintenance of the VAT refund on turnover taxed at 0 rate, are not up to par and in some cases, provides timely and reasonable indemnification for the VAT. The absence of this engineering as of May 1, 2007 in the Tax Committee of Astana are statements provided by JSS "NC" Kazakhstan Railways "for the VAT refund in the amount of 12.2 billion. Non tax requirements, and - namely, the process adopted in the case of a one-time refund that amount, according to the Audit Committee and may lead to growth pressure on the state budget.

The adoption of a joint order, adopted the rules of interaction of tax authorities, prosecutors, customs and financial police to combat improper refund of value added tax during tax audits on the turnover, subject to zero rate of customs export goods, strengthen control in preventing unnecessary VAT return, at the same time creating the conditions tightening procedure of VAT refund. This leads to systematic violations of tax legislation on the term of the VAT refund. For example, because of the lack of findings in the joint order of verification CJSC "NEC Kazatomprom", after 5 months of the VAT refund from the budget of $ 1.1 billion is still produced.

The control of the Audit Committee also found that the Tax Committee of Almaty in 2004, the proportion of registered timely audited statements, which returned to the VAT rate of 37% of the total, while in 2005 - only 17.0 percent. In 2005, at the Aktobe region to the late return of VAT to be reimbursed 30 claims payers to $ 6.7 billion.

In some cases, the standards are not met, paragraph 1 of Article 252 of the Tax Code, under which VAT returns must be within 60 working days, while the actual dates back to 180 or more days. As a result, every year the amount of reimbursement of VAT increase at the beginning of the next financial year.

The lack of quality monitoring during the year was uneven VAT credit from the state budget. Thus, on average each month until December 2005, the amount of compensation of 5.9 billion. In December 2005, the amount of VAT refunds amounted to over 26 billion tenge or 29.0% of the total amount reimbursed in 2005. This, to a certain extent influenced, to increase the money supply and the inflation rate in January 2006, and a reduction in the revenue side of the republican budget for 2005.

The fixed rate in the tax code, according to which for Crediting VAT amounts sufficient to have the invoice and subject to the conditions that the recipient of the goods (works, services) are subject to VAT in the opinion of the Audit Committee, the lack of payment from the state budget to a refund of the amount claimed VAT. As a result, this rule allows the use of schemes to evade payment of tax and other payments by creating firms "phony" because of the lack of regulatory consolidation of responsibility for making a credit fictitious invoices. Individual large enterprises using bogus invoices firms "ephemeral" unreasonably back the VAT from the national budget.

The analysis shows that the widespread scheme of obtaining reimbursement of VAT paid by taxpayers suppliers commodity material values ??without payment of tax amounts in the last budget.

Of audit by the Audit Committee in 2004 pointed to the imperfection of the legislation in the field of VAT refund, calls for the development and approval procedure of VAT refund "zero rated" for international traffic. According to the government, this technique to date is still in the consultation stage.

Based on the audit of the Accounts Committee for Control over Execution of the Republican budget does not fully implement Article 6 of the Law "On Republican Budget for 2005", as well as in 2004. VAT revenues from corporations - national companies performed in the $ 5.2 billion, (including amounts of compensation from the state budget of VAT on the "zero rate" of $ 8.3 billion.) Or less at 448.4 million tenge from the approved rate.

Chapter 3. Analysis of foreign experience of calculation and payment of VAT and its application in conditions of Republic of Kazakhstan

In order to improve the mechanism for the calculation and payment of indirect taxes need to legislate the principle of stability of the tax law, as frequent changes to tax laws, adversely affect the business environment in the country.

With the strengthening of the financial and banking system, the agricultural sector, the establishment of small business as a middle-class society, strengthening the economic basis of social need to adopt a new version of the Tax Code.

With the consolidation of revenues and the increasing ability of the state budget to the policy of self-survival of the population and providing tax benefits to certain sectors of the economy move to strengthen the role of direct state support for socially vulnerable groups, as well as ineffective, but of great social importance of the economy.

Growth of tax revenues to the state budget will be achieved through improved tax administration and strict compliance with the tax laws.

In the coming years, the rate of tax and non-tax revenues in the state budget to GDP ratio will reach 30%, given that with each decade the share of GDP to be distributed in all developed countries, regularly increasing and approaching 50% of GDP.

In the future, the next 5-7 years in the tax system will be reformed in the following areas:

will be converted to social security tax, which has considerable similarity in taxation from individual income tax, contributions to government insurance funds. In this case, contributors will know for what purpose the funds of funds, in contrast to the social tax, which the budget is depersonalized;

will be put in place mechanisms to ensure the impossibility and disadvantage evade tax payments, including through public declaration of personal income tax and strengthen those with the highest incomes, which will significantly improve the situation of the collection of taxes in this category of taxpayers;

to expand the tax base and a more equitable distribution of the tax burden on the real economy will be considered the expediency of the retail sales tax, which is in the world an important source of revenue for local budgets.

Fundamental importance is the issue of uniform and equitable distribution of the tax burden on all taxpayers. Necessary to form a single system targeted benefits, stimulating business activity in the priority sectors.

Eliminated unwarranted personal allowances, violate the principle of fairness of the tax system for those taxpayers who do not enjoy tax privileges, as tax benefits for some taxpayers inevitably means additional tax burden to others.

The growth of foreign trade activity of Kazakhstani people active transformations in foreign trade increase the role of the customs authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the economic security of the customs border barrier smuggling, charges the full customs duties and taxes.

Improving the quality of customs administration will be achieved by introducing a unified automated information system of the Customs Service of the Republic.

In addition, the need to reform the system of remuneration of customs officials, especially directly at the checkpoints at the customs border, because that low pay is the cause of poor customs control, and, consequently, an increase in corruption of customs officials.

Main trends of the VAT are in the plane closer to international standards, as this will increase the efficiency and neutrality of the tax, to reduce the administrative costs and the costs to taxpayers of tax legislation.

For these purposes are to:

- The transition to the VAT collection (including the right to a tax deduction) on an accrual basis, based on data for a display and receiving invoices, or (depending on what kind of event happened before) or shipment of products (works, services) ;

- The transition to a single rate of VAT;

- To reduce the period of repayment of VAT on export operations, to clarify the mechanism of application of the zero rate of VAT, including a list of documents;

- Go to regular decision to deduct VAT paid on the implementation of capital investments;

- Exempt from VAT on the transfer of operations to the ownership of citizens and legal persons in state or municipal ownership of land, including those employed previously privatized enterprises, and submitted to the property at the auction;

- Carry out the modernization of information technology and procedures used by the tax authorities to monitor the activities of the taxpayer in order to rapidly detect evasion of VAT;

- To fix the obligation to submit tax returns and payment of taxes and the information contained in the invoices electronically.

Currently, VAT is charged in more than forty countries around the world: in almost all European countries, Latin America, Turkey, Indonesia, the number of countries in South America. In the U.S. and Canada used the method of charging close to the VAT sales tax.

The vast geography of VAT demonstrates its viability and compliance with the requirements of the market economy. It should be noted that the robust implementation of its tax practice in no small measure contributed to the following factors.

First, the shortcomings of a direct tax. These include the excessive complexity of taxation, widespread evasion of taxpayers from paying them.

Secondly, the constant need to increase revenues by expanding the tax base and improve tax.

Third, the need to improve the existing tax system and bringing it into line with the current level of economic development.

Nowadays, a common mechanism of VAT is identical in many countries. The taxpayers are the legal and natural persons occupied in commercial activities. The objects of taxation are the circulation of products, the amount of work executed and services rendered. The tax will be charged multiple times for each stage of output and sales as it moves from the 1st producer to the final user. The tax base is determined based on the added value at each stage of production and allocation, including salary with benefits, amortization, interest on credit, profit and general expenses. The cost of means of production and material costs expelled from the taxable circulation. As well as for many tax benefits provided in the calculation and payment of VAT, which are determined by the historical, social and economic development of each country. Common to all of the tax benefit is non taxable minimum turnover of sales. First of all, this release is aimed at encouraging and promoting the development of small business.

Conclusion

Summing up the work done - you can say the following:

This paper deals with the VAT - one of the most complex in terms of taxes.

It has a huge fiscal importance, being a significant source of new revenue.

At the same time, the value added tax performs a regulatory function by influencing the pricing mechanism.

The value of VAT for the domestic economy is difficult to overestimate. VAT applies to state taxes and is valid on the entire territory of Kazakhstan.

According to the Tax Code is a form of tax relief in the budget of the value added at all stages of production and is determined as the difference between the value of goods and services and the value of material inputs to the production cost and circulation.

With the introduction of VAT and excise tax system of the Republic of Kazakhstan in indirect taxes played a crucial role in raising revenue in the budget.

The consolidated budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan VAT revenues second only to income tax and make up about a quarter of total revenues. At the same time, the state budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan VAT is in the first place, surpassing the size of all tax revenues.

Despite the enormous fiscal importance of this tax, you can not deny its regulatory effect on the economy.

Through the mechanism of VAT and, in particular, through the construction of the rates affect the pricing and inflation, as in fact increases the price of the goods to the amount of the tax.

After analyzing the existing mechanism of the VAT in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it became apparent that the value added tax has become firmly established in the tax system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He definitely has its advantages and disadvantages.

In general, the tax has a positive value, and development trends in recent years suggest that he was and will remain on the leading role of other taxes and fees in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Bibliography

1. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 1998.

2. The Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 12.06.2001.

3. Abramenko. T. Nursultan Nazarbayev: "The policy of Kazakhstan for foreign investors remains unchanged".

4. V.D. Melnikov, Ilyasov KK Finance. Almaty: Karzhy-Karazhat, 1997.

5. Okuneva L.P. Taxes and taxation in the world. Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1996.

Taxes and Finance of Kazakhstan 10.05.2003.

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_added_tax

7. http://www.karazhat.kz/articles/nalog-na-dobavlennuyu-stoimost

8. http://nalogikz.kz/trening/72.html

Размещено на Allbest.ru

...