State Florida

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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Lviv Ivan Franko National University

Faculty of Foreign Languages

Hryhoriy Kochur Department of Translation Studies and Contrastive Linguistics

Florida

Project

Done by the students from group Inp-41

Oksana Zdrok and Yulia Kryval'

florida everglades disney

LVIV 2012

Nickname: Sunshine State

Florida is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States.

The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the Miami metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern United States (btw, Greater Miami is the only metropolitan area in the United States whose borders encompass two national parks. You can hike through pristine Everglades National Park or ride on glass-bottom boats across Biscayne National Park).

Population, 2011 estimate: 19,057,542

Biggest Cities:

1. Jacksonville 821,784

2. Miami 399,457

3. Tampa 335,709

4. Saint Petersburg 244,769

5. Orlando 238,300

History

Florida was the first part of what is now the continental United States to be visited by Europeans. The earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Leуn, who spotted the peninsula on April 2, 1513. According to his chroniclers, Ponce de Leуn named the region La Florida ("flowery land") because it was then the Easter Season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida (roughly "Flowery Easter"), and because the vegetation was in bloom.

Largely through the skillful work of John Quincy Adams - the 6th US President, a treaty was signed with Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the United States in return for the assumption of $5,000,000 in claims and the relinquishment of any claims to Texas. Florida was ceded to the U.S. in 1821. On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the United States of America.

Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.

The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.

The highest point of Florida - Britton Hill; 345 feet, is the lowest highest point in the USA.

Economy:

Agriculture: Citrus, vegetables, nursery stock, cattle, sugarcane, dairy products.

Industry: Tourism, electric equipment, food processing, printing and publishing, transportation equipment, machinery.

State symbols

Flag: On a white field emblazoned with a red X and the state seal, Florida's flag represents the land of sunshine, flowers, palm trees, rivers and lakes. The seal features a brilliant sun, a cabbage palmetto tree, a steamboat sailing and a Native American Seminole woman scattering flowers. Flag adopted 1899. INFORMALLY Florida is compared with revolver due to the shape of the state.

Flower: Orange Blossom/ Citrus sinensis. The orange blossom was designated State Flower by Concurrent Resolution Nov. 15, 1909 Legislature. It is one of the most fragrant flowers in Florida. Millions of these white flowers perfume the atmosphere throughout central and south Florida during orange blossom time.

Reptile: In 1987 the Florida legislature designated the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) the official state reptile. Long an unofficial symbol of the state, the alligator originally symbolized Florida's extensive untamed wilderness and swamps.

Bird: Mockingbird. Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 3 of the 1927 legislative session designated the mockingbird as the state bird. Not only a Florida favorite, it is also the state bird of Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas.

Butterfly: Zebra Longwing. It is more common in south Florida, particularly in the Everglades National Park. In 1996 the state legislature designated the zebra longwing as the official state butterfly.

Animal: Florida Panther. The most endangered of all Florida's symbols is its state animal, the panther (Felis concolor coryi) which was chosen in 1982 by a vote of students throughout the state. At the same time it is the name of the local hockey team.

Marine Mammal: The manatee (Trichechus manatus), also called a sea cow, is a gray, waterplant-eating, gentle giant that reaches eight to fourteen feet in length and can weigh more than a ton. It was designated the state marine mammal in 1975.

Drink: Whenever the words "orange juice" are read, written, or spoken, many people automatically think of Florida. During the Second World War, scientists invented a process for making concentrated orange juice. Soon, a frozen concentrate was developed that transformed orange juice production into a multi-billion-dollar industry. In 1967 the Florida legislature designated orange juice as the official state beverage. Florida is the motherland of 1/4 of world's orange harvest.

Tree: The sabal palm (Sabal palmetto) is the most widely distributed palm in Florida. It grows in almost any soil and has many uses, including food, medicine, and landscaping. The 1953 Florida legislature designated the sabal palm as the state tree, and the 1970 legislature mandated that the sabal palm should replace the cocoa palm on the state seal.

Song: Stephen C. Foster wrote "The Swanee River (Old Folks at Home)" in 1851. After Foster wrote the song, he sold it to E. P. Christy, a businessman who operated a series of minstrel shows.

1st verse

Way down upon the Suwannee River,

Far, far away,

There's where my heart is turning ever,

There's where the old folks stay.

All up and down the whole creation,

Sadly I roam,

Still longing for my childhood station,

And for the old folks at home.

Chorus

All the world is sad and dreary

Everywhere I roam.

O dear ones, how my heart grows weary,

Far from the old folks at home.

Motto: "In God We Trust" was adopted by the Florida legislature as part of the state seal in 1868. This is also the motto of the United States and is a slight variation on Florida's first state motto, "In God is our Trust." In 2006, "In God We Trust" was officially designated in state statute as Florida's motto.

Play: "Cross and Sword", Florida's official state play since its designation by the 1973 legislature, dramatizes the story of Spanish colonization of the nation's first city, St. Augustine. The pageant, written by Paul Green, features lavish costumes, dramatic lighting, and stirring music. It entwines the lives of some of Florida's early European settlers: Pedro Menйndez, Jean Ribault, and Father Lуpez.

Anthem: Responding to an initiative to find a new Florida state song, the Florida Music Educators Association managed an online contest to find a new song to represent the state. The winning song was "Florida, Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky," written by Jan Hinton, a music teacher from Pompano Beach. In the 2008 legislative session, a compromise was reached that kept the old state song "Old Folks at Home" (with revised lyrics) and designated "Florida, Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky" as the new state anthem. Sawgrass grows in Florida's coastal marshes and is particularly common in the Everglades, where it stretches as far as the eye can see.

Interesting facts:

Young aviator Tony Jannus made history on January 1, 1914 when he flew the world's first scheduled passenger service airline flight from St. Petersburg's downtown yacht basin to Tampa.

Dr. John Gorrie of Apalachicola invented mechanical refrigeration in 1851.

Miami Beach pharmacist Benjamin Green invented the first suntan cream in 1944. He accomplished this development by cooking cocoa butter in a granite coffee pot on his wife's stove.

Key West has the highest average temperature in the United States.

Miami installed the first bank automated teller machine.

Florida is the only state that has 2 rivers both with the same name. There is a Withlacoochee in north central Florida (Madison County) and a Withlacoochee in central Florida. They have nothing in common except the name.

Yearly a Worm-Grunting contest takes place in Florida. Worm grunting involves going into the forest, driving a wooden stake into the ground and then rubbing the top of the stake with a long piece of steel called a rooping iron. This makes a peculiar grunting sound that drives nearby earthworms to the surface where they can be easily collected for fish bait.

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) is a place where all the Apollo spacecrafts were launched, in particular - Apollo 7/Saturn 1B launches in 1968 from LC-34, the first US three-man launch.

Stupid laws:

A special law prohibits unmarried women from parachuting on Sunday or she shall risk arrest, fine, and/or jailing.

Beer may not be sold between 2 and 7am.

Citizens may not be caught downtown without at least 10 dollars on their person.

Destin law states that a cat that viciously chases passers-by is a “bad cat”.

Doors of all public buildings must open outwards.

Gay men are not allowed into public bars unless accompanied by a child.

Having sexual relations with a porcupine is illegal.

If an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, the parking fee has to be paid just as it would for a vehicle.

It is against the law for a man to force his wife to dress as a parrot - even if she is hideously ugly.

It is against the law to dream about another man's wife or cow.

It is against the law to put livestock on a school bus.

It is considered an offense to shower naked.

Everglades National Park

On 30 May 1934, an Act was passed authorizing a park to be acquired through public donations. Everglades National Park was to be "...wilderness, (where) no development ... or plan for the entertainment of visitors shall be undertaken which will interfere with the preservation intact of the unique flora and fauna of historic values the essential primitive natural conditions now prevailing in this area."

Established in 1947, Everglades National Park spans the southern tip of the Florida peninsula and most of Florida Bay and is the only subtropical preserve in North America. It contains both temperate and tropical plant communities, including sawgrass prairies, mangrove and cypress swamps, pinelands, and hardwood hammocks, as well as marine and estuarine environments. The park is known for its rich bird life, particularly large wading birds, such as the roseate spoonbill, wood stork, great blue heron and a variety of egrets. It is also the only place in the world where alligators and crocodiles exist side by side.

Biscayne National Park

Established: June 28, 1980 Size: 172,924 acres

Biscayne, a seascape in watercolor, offers vistas ashore and beneath the sea. Standing on the park's narrow shore, you look out upon a bay that is tranquil on the surface and teeming with life below. Aboard a glass-bottom boat or, better yet, on a snorkeling tour, you look down and see some of that life--dazzlingly colored fish, fantastically shaped corals, gently waving fronds of sea grass.

Biscayne is an underwater wilderness. Only five percent of the park is land--about 40 small barrier coral reef islands and a mangrove shoreline, the longest such undeveloped shore on Florida's east coast. Park wildlife musters under water in the form of minuscule, unusual, or rarely seen animals. The most extensive life-form is a community known as the coral reef--colonies of tiny polyps that secrete limestone and live within ever growing rocky crannies. The coral reefs at Biscayne are part of the only living ones in the continental United States.

The park reprieved a living system condemned to die under the pressure of progress. The threat came in the 1960s, when developers were making plans to build resorts and subdivisions on Florida's northern keys, from Key Biscayne to Key Largo. Conservationists campaigned to preserve Biscayne Bay; it became a national monument in 1968. When Biscayne National Park was established, boundaries were expanded to encompass several more of the bay's keys and reefs.

Biscayne embraces a complex ecosystem that extends from the mangrove shoreline to the Gulf Stream. Besides the mangrove coast and living reef, the ecosystem includes two other biological realms found on the small islands and the shallow bay's marine nursery. The realms are interwoven, and each sustains still other webs of life.

Walt Disney World is both the largest vacation resort in the world and most visited theme park resort in the world. At over 25,000 acres, the massive property features four world-renowned theme parks, twenty-four on-site resorts, two water parks, four mini-golf courses in two locations, an interactive/video game park, a shopping and nighttime entertainment area, and miles of golf courses and outdoor recreation. Given all that there's to do, becoming familiar with all your options will make for a smoother trip!

Theme Parks

Magic Kingdom: The Magic Kingdom is Walt Disney World's original park that opened in 1971. The park covers 107 acres and has seven themed "lands." It is based on the original Disney park, Disneyland in Anaheim, California. The park is famous for its iconic Cinderella Castle which is the most photographed building in the world.

Epcot: Epcot is divided into two unique sections - Future World and World Showcase. Future World consists of pavilions dedicated to the environment, imagination, energy, space, technology, and the automotive industry. World Showcase is made up of pavilions representing 11 nations along with food, entertainment, architecture, and attractions. The park is most recognizable for it's massive iconic geosphere known as Spaceship Earth. The park is also home to the famous night-time show; Illuminations: Reflections of the Earth, a firework and laser show that takes place on World Showcase Lagoon every night.

Disney's Hollywood Studios: (Formerly Disney-MGM Studios) A movie inspired theme park with shows, attractions and two of the most popular thrill rides at Walt Disney World. New attractions include Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show and Toy Story Mania in a new area themed after Pixar movies.

Disney's Animal Kingdom: An animal-based theme park/safari park, complete with realistic settings, interactive rides, and static displays. The highlights are the Kilimangaro safari ride through live animal habitats and the roller coaster "Expedition Everest". Some animals are also there like the elephant and the lion.The park is recognized by the iconic Tree of Life.

Water Parks

Blizzard Beach: a Florida ski resort where the snow has melted! This park has more thrill type slides than Typhoon Lagoon.

Typhoon Lagoon: a tropical beach setting created by a fictional typhoon. Home of gentle slides, a giant surf wave pool, and a tropical snorkeling experience complete with sharks.

Downtown Disney Area

A famous outdoor entertainment complex renowned for its shopping, dining, and nightlife. Major establishments at Downtown Disney include Disney Quest Indoor Interactive Theme Park, Cirque du Soleil - La Nouba, House of Blues, Planet Hollywood, Rainforest Cafe, T-Rex Cafe, Pleasure Island, LEGO Imagination Store, Bongo's Cuban Cafe, Wolfgang Puck, AMC Pleasure Island 24 Theatres, The World of Disney Store, and many more.

Miami Beach has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts for almost a century. The city of Miami Beach is a barrier island connected to the mainland city of Miami by a series of bridges. The city is often referred to under the umbrella term of "Miami”, with a population of 87,925. As a world-class destination, Miami Beach offers several kinds of lodging options. The visitor can stay in a normal hotel or choose from a variety of Miami Beach vacation rentals. Visitors can plan to stay in a Miami Beach condo rental. Miami Beach has a rich history as a trend setting arts center from the world famous nightclubs of the 1950s, to the rich cultural life of today's modern South Beach. The City of Miami Beach has an identity that is intrinsically linked to the arts, and today the entertainment, production and arts communities are stronger than ever. Miami Beach is truly a major international entertainment and cultural destination. If you come to Miami to shop, then Miami Beach can give you the best shopping experience ever. With the famous Lincoln Road Mall and glamorous shopping centers located in South Beach and all over the island, you'll have great options to spend your time and money in the trendy retails stores that carry garments from international designers. Art museums, ballet performances, cultural events and entertainment are a part of this great city. You will have the chance to choose from a wide variety of Miami attractions. Art Center at Lincoln Road has performance art exhibitions. Classes and courses are available as well and they include photography, jewelry-making and painting. Beyond the radiant sun, surf and sand, discover Miami Beach's rich history as an entertainment and cultural destination, from world-famous Art Deco architecture to renowned nightclubs to designer fashions on Collins Ave and Lincoln Rd. There's so much going on in Miami Beach, you will need an extra day to enjoy everything that makes this city so vibrant. Plan to lodge in an affordable Miami vacation home and completely enjoy the world's elite playground. Miami Beach promises a 25-hour day, and whether you're an arts enthusiast, a socialite or a sun worshipper, there are plenty of options for where to spend that extra hour.

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