The new seven wonders
Great Wall of China. Chichen Itza is the landmark of the great Maya. Construction of Taj Mahal. Colosseum is one of the UNESCO Heritage Sites. The most photographed monument in the world. Christ the Redeemer. Petra (Ma’an Governorate, Republic of Jordan).
| Рубрика | География и экономическая география |
| Вид | реферат |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 18.04.2017 |
| Размер файла | 358,8 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/
Introduction
There are so many wonders of the world. But all of them are different in their nature. In the Ancient times there were seven wonders of the world: the Pyramids of Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Statue of Zeus, the Temple of Artemis, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the Pharos of Alexandria, the Colossus of Rhodes. They were created by people to glorify beauty and entreat gods or emperors. Nowadays most of the ancient wonders are destroyed but the existing ones still remind us of the man's power and wisdom.
But wonders of the modern world are different from the ancient ones which were all buildings and statues. In the last centuries there was a time of unprecedented technical and scientific achievements. That's why the modern wonders are mainly the product of science and technology. And these wonders made our life easier, more efficient and convenient.
The achievements of science can be easily seen in the material level modern. These are of course the modern conveniences and appliances. We can't imagine our life today without telephone, television, fax, cars, planes, computers, space rockets etc.
The new Seven Wonders of the World were announced in July 2007. They are Taj Mahal of India, Christ Redeemer of Brazil, the Great Wall of China, Roman Colosseum of Italy, Petra of Jordan, Pyramid at Chichen Itza of Mexico, and Machu Picchu of Peru.
The sites were selected on the basis of a tally of around 100 million votes cast by people around the world over the Internet and cell-phone text messages. These attractions were on the shortlist of 21 before the announcement of the results in a glittering ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal. The places that were left out were: Acropolis in Athens, Greece; the Statues of Eastern Island, Chile; Cambodia's Angkor Wat; Turkey's Hagla Sophia; and Russia's Kremlin, and St. Basils Cathedral.
Great Wall of China (China, 700 BC)
The name the Great Wall of China is known to almost everyone who has studied history in school. This is the famous wall that was started building by the Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang way back in 700 BC and later on the successors of the Chinese emperors continued its construction. It was built for the purpose of saving the China borders from foreign invasions. It is the only structure on the planet earth that is clearly visible from the space. This is the major tourist attraction in today's time and I personally want to visit the Great Wall of China to experience Bunjee Jump over from this Great Wall. This structure is covered in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi).
Chichen Itza (Yucatan, Mexico, 600 AD)
Chichen Itza is the landmark of the great Maya People and is situated in Yucatan, Mexico. It was built back in 600 AD. This is a heritage site that is included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1988. This site is considered to have a dense population in the old times due to its well built structure. Chichen Itza represents Mexico's rich heritage and culture.
Built by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization sometime between the 9th and 12th centuries CE, El Castillo served as a temple to the god Kukulkan, the Yucatec Maya Feathered Serpent deity closely related to the god Quetzalcoatl known to the Aztecs and other central Mexican cultures of the Postclassic period.
The pyramid consists of a series of square terraces with stairways up each of the four sides to the temple on top. Sculptures of plumed serpents run down the sides of the northern balustrade. During the spring and autumn equinoxes, the late afternoon sun strikes off the northwest corner of the pyramid and casts a series of triangular shadows against the northwest balustrade, creating the illusion of a feathered serpent “crawling” down the pyramid. The event has been very popular, but it is questionable whether it is a result of a purposeful design. Each of the pyramid's four sides has 91 steps which, when added together and including the temple platform on top as the final “step”, produces a total of 365 steps (which is equal to the number of days of the Haab' year).
The structure is 24 m (79 ft) high, plus an additional 6 m (20 ft) for the temple. The square base measures 55.3 m (181 ft) across.
Taj Mahal (Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, 1632 AD)
Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful places in India to visit. It is listed as the UNESCO World Heritage Site. It took gigantic 22 years approximately to build and its construction was started in the year 1632 AD and lasts till 1653. It is regarded as the best example of Mughal Architecture. Construction of Taj Mahal was assigned on the shoulder of the then Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. I would recommend you to surely visit this great piece of architecture and watch out the amazing graving on white marble. Have a look at Taj Mahal as one of the 7 wonders of the world.
It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned 1628-1658), to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42-acre complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees (US$827 million). The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being “the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage”. Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as “the tear-drop on the cheek of time”, it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7-8 million visitors a year.
Machu Picchu (Cuzco, Peru, 1438 AD)
Machu Picchu was able to find a place in the list of the seven New Wonders of the World. If you see the place you will say it is just a valley but on examining deeply. You will find a huge and beautiful city. This was the city that was built by the Incas in 1438 AD and later on they abandoned this beautiful modern city. This site is covered in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It has become one of the major tourist attractions in the South America by the time. Must visit and watch the historical city of Incas that is also known as the “Lost City of the Incas”.
Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its three primary structures are the Inti Watana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues.
Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll.
Petra (Ma'an Governorate, Republic of Jordan, 312 BC)
colosseum wonder taj mahal
Petra is one of the major attractions in Jordan that was built back in about 312 BC. It is situated in the South Jordan Ma'an Governorate. It is also listed as the UNESCO World Heritage Site. This site is famous for its unique kind of rock cut architecture. The rock from where the city is carved down is of the color of the rose thus known to be the Rose City.
Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the capital city of the Arab Nabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. The Nabateans were nomadic Arabs who benefited from the proximity of Petra to the regional trade routes, in becoming a major trading hub, thus enabling them to gather wealth. The Nabateans are also known for their great ability in constructing efficient water collecting methods in the barren deserts and their talent in carving structures into solid rocks. It lies on the slope of Jebel al-Madhbah (identified by some as the biblical Mount Hor) in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.
Christ the Redeemer (Rio de Janeiro, Republic of Brazil, 1931 AD)
No one can forget this beautiful and the huge statue of Jesus Christ which is known by the name “Christ the Redeemer” in which it seems Jesus is blessing us all. This statue has marked its position in the the seven New Wonders of the World. This is another big example of the modern architecture. It is one of the amazing new 7 wonders of the world 2015. It was started building in the year 1922 and completed its construction in 1931 AD. This statue of Christ the Redeemer has become the symbol of Brazilian Christianity. This statue also figures the representation of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil in the world.
Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [?k?istu чed??to?], local dialect: [?k?i?tu ?ed??to?]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by Polish-French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by the Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with the French engineer Albert Caquot. The face was created by the Romanian artist Gheorghe Leonida. The statue is 30 metres (98 ft) tall, not including its 8-metre (26 ft) pedestal, and its arms stretch 28 metres (92 ft) wide. By comparison, it is approximately two-thirds the height of the Statue of Liberty's height from base to torch.
Colosseum (Rome, Itlay, 70 AD)
Colosseum is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and this was built way back in 70 to 80 AD in ancient city Rome. This land mark marked the greatest fights of the gladiators of Roman Empire. This is also named as the Flavian Amphitheatre where 50,000 to 80,000 people can sit and watch the sports and other events out there in the ancient Rome. It is considered to be as the one of the finest architecture of ancient times. This historical heritage site makes its way to be listed in the seven New Wonders of the World, the Colosseum.
The Colosseum or Coliseum (/k?l??si??m/ kol-?-SEE-?m), also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio [amfite?a?tro ?fla?vjo] or Colosseo [kolos?s??o]), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72, and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81-96). These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius).
The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, having an average audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
Although partially ruined because of damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and has also links to the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit “Way of the Cross” procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.
These new seven wonders of the world are the most popular sites in the world. Millions of tourists go to see them every year. The inclusion of Taj Mahal-the most photographed monument in the world has enhanced India's prestige and glory.
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
United Kingdom of Great Britain is an island nation in the north-west Europe. Four "historical provinces" is in contain of State: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Locks and Architectural building of United Kingdom of Great Britain.
презентация [23,5 M], добавлен 02.04.2015London in the Middle Age. The Clock Tower of Wrens St. Paul’s Cathedral. Hereford Mappa Mundi, featuring Edinburgh in 1300. Black Gold Trsansforms Cardiff. Origins of the Name. The City Hall During Construction. World’s First Fair Trade Capital.
реферат [29,7 K], добавлен 25.11.2010Geographical location Unated Kingdom. The cities of the Great Britain. London – as the British capital and one of the most biggest cities in the world. Belfast as a city of the east coast of Ireland. Wales - one of the components of the United Kingdom.
презентация [3,6 M], добавлен 23.01.2014The British Museum is a museum of human history in London. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London. The University of Cambridge is one of the best universities in the world.
презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 11.03.2014Administrative division and state system of Great Britain. The country population, a population and ethnic structure. Historical places of interest, big cities, London - the British capital. A geographical position, the nature, a relief and a climate.
презентация [5,7 M], добавлен 16.01.2010Geography and the climate of the Great Britain. The history of the formation and development of the state. The figures of the country's policy. Level of economic development and industries. Demographic characteristics. The education and culture of the UK.
курс лекций [117,9 K], добавлен 12.11.2014The study of attractions in the United Kingdom of great Britain. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. St. Paul's Cathedral the greatest of English churches. London is one of the most famous capital cities of the world.
презентация [6,7 M], добавлен 05.06.2015Geographical position of New Zealand. Description of the major landmarks: Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Auckland Civic Theatre and War Memorial Museum. Natural attractions of the country: Kelly Tarlton's Underwater World and Fiordland National Park.
реферат [32,5 K], добавлен 06.03.2012The Province of Quebec. The use of French customary law ("Coutume de Paris") in private matters. Access to the Ohio and Illinois Countries. The trade and military routes across the Great Lakes. Governors of the Province of Quebec. Coat of arms of Quebec.
презентация [506,0 K], добавлен 17.10.2013London as political, economic and cultural center of the Great Britain, its geographical arrangement. The basic places of interest of city: Madame Tussaud’s Life-size Figures of Famous People, The museum of the Moving Image, Parks and Gardens of London.
презентация [9,3 M], добавлен 05.04.2011Buckingham Palace as the main residence of British monarchs for accession to the throne of Queen Victoria in 1837. Apsley House as the residence of the Duke of Wellington in London and art gallery. Tower Bridge in central London over the River Thames.
презентация [667,3 K], добавлен 19.03.2014The study of geographic location, topography and population of Great Britain. Transport, religion, sports in United Kingdom. The Government of England - the parliament, based on the Westminster system. The political role of the monarch in a unitary state.
презентация [2,0 M], добавлен 27.04.2012Queen - the head of state. The role of the Queen in the political and social life. Queen in Parliament - the official name of the British legal system. The monarch as "supreme leader" of the Anglican Church and the Supreme Commander of the army.
реферат [12,5 K], добавлен 20.04.2015The administrative structure of the USA. The main economic regions and their main industries: the Northeast, the Great Lakes, the South, the Plains, the Rocky Mountains, the Pacific Region. Cultural achievements: literature, philosophy, painting.
курсовая работа [6,2 M], добавлен 22.06.2014Description of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, its location and geographical features. Flora and fauna. Mountain tourism. People's historical epic "Manas". Kyrgyz cuisine is rich and distinctive. Richness and diversity of Kyrgyz cuisine. Key dishes.
презентация [5,0 M], добавлен 15.05.2014The Republic of Azerbaijan is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region and a unitary constitutional presidential republic. Baku is a capital. Flag, national emblem and national currency of Azerbaijan. The official language, religion and culture.
презентация [764,7 K], добавлен 12.04.2016Republic of Ireland is a country in Northern Europe. Dublin is the capital of country. Parliamentary Republic is form of government. The national symbol of Ireland (coat of arms, flag). The Irish economy, culture, traditions. Irish sights, forest parks.
презентация [13,9 M], добавлен 14.04.2016Australia - the world’s smallest continent and the sixth largest country in the world. Common knowledge. Legends of Terra Australis Incognita. The flag's original design. Unusual Australian facts: history, convicts, natural environment. Aimed at friends.
реферат [48,6 K], добавлен 12.05.2012Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world, it was founded in 1703 by Peter I as the window to Europe. The situation in Saint Petersburg over the First World War. Bridges, museums and theaters.
презентация [1,3 M], добавлен 06.06.2012Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. The ruins of Linlithgow Palace in the Scotland, famous people. The Isle of May in the north of the outer Firth of Forth. The geographical position of England. The main attractions of the country.
презентация [759,9 K], добавлен 25.01.2014
