The Collapse of the USSR: CA states transformation within CIS

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The Collapse of the USSR: CA states transformation within CIS

Outline

Introduction

1. Causes and consequences of the collapse of the USSR

2. Creation of the CIS

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The focus of this research study is The Collapse of the USSR: CA states transformation within CIS. Initially, the collapse of the Soviet Union is the biggest geopolitical and natural event of the XX century. After Russian Empire the Soviet Union were among the biggest players in the international arena, and Soviet Union were one level with other major powers - the United States maintained its opposition to all existing after World War II system of international relations. And in winter 1991 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceased to exist overnight. However, the causes of the collapse were both external and internal, due to the shortcomings of the Soviet system. In other words they are closely related.

Aims of the Research: To describe Collapse of the USSR especially causes and reasons for the decline collapse of the Soviet Union and the process of formation of the CIS. To analyze the history about the breakup of the Soviet Union and all of the events that took place before, during, and after the split up. Especially, will look into the C.I.S. (Commonwealth of Independent States) creation, the Government, economy and the conflicts of the former U.S.S.R.

Research questions: This study attempts to answer the following research questions: “What reasons have caused the collapse of the USSR?”

Specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1. What are the results of collapse of the USSR?

2. Was it beneficial for Central Asian or CIS of collapse of the USSR? For instance, how it was advantageous for Central Asian or CIS? What are the problems experienced CIS integrated into the global economy and the world market? What are the difficulties and contradictions experienced by the CIS countries, when trying to create a single economic field, in post-Soviet space? What is the role of Russia?

It is the question which is full of interesting facts, discussions and any formulations of idea. Research method: A vast majority of the information gathered for this study will consist of secondary research primarily from Speeches and Statements of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin and other, reforms, reports, journals, internet and newspaper articles. Aim of this research to analyze which results have shown USSR during the time of collapse.

Content analysis. The aim of this content analysis is important to analyze:

- Speeches and Statements of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin;

- Documents and reforms;

- Number of literature and studies relevant to the present study in different public and private libraries.

This research will develop analyzing the different documents and reforms which were signed during the collapse of the Soviet Union. The analysis is based on the following sampling criteria: The content analysis included a total of Annual Report, reforms papers and articles, of which 50% are peer-reviewed articles.

This study will use a mixed methods for collecting, analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative data at some stage of the research process within a single study, to understand a research problem more completely.

In the qualitative analysis to explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union was reflected in the Central Asian countries that I may have noticed while gathering data. Qualitative analysis of the study, the text and Speeches and Statements of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin and other obtained through documents will be analyzed for themes.

In the quantitative analysis to show the number of how Central Asia as the economic situation has changed after the collapse of the USSR. Similarly, the quantitative analysis will give the numerical data so I can show how many times certain things occur while gathering in this research. Both methods of analysis can help better understand the research problem.

Data Analysis Procedure: Financial Report and Financial Statements for the years.

Hypothesis: if imagine that certain conditions, be able to maintain a common union, but to do it was extremely difficult, moreover, it can be done, naturally. Not the same, but much updated form. History has no subjunctive mood, now, obviously, is more important not only to continue to clarify reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union because it was nature, as guided by common sense, develop within the CIS new principles of civilized relations, not lost at the same time that it was just a positive relationship between our countries in the past.

Conclusion: The fall of the USSR on the eve of his 69th anniversary since the founding. Its collapse was the result of the impact of a series of circumstances. States like the Soviet Union, sooner or later collapse. The peoples who have as part of "empires" statehood, seeking to gain full independence.

1. Causes and consequences of the collapse of the USSR

The collapse of the Soviet Union, designed Belovezh agreements leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, Boris Yeltsin, Kravchuk, L.M., and S.S. Shushkevi is one of the most significant events in world history of XX century than December 8, 1991. This is accepted by most historians and politicians. All other issues related to the analysis of the causes and significance of the collapse of the Soviet Union, are the subject of heated debate.

The causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union was event in March 1990, at the all-Union referendum, the majority of citizens voted for the preservation of the USSR and the necessity to reform. By the summer of 1991 has been prepared by a new Union Treaty, which gave a chance to update the federal government. But to preserve the unity failed. The Soviet Union collapsed. Why? Firstly, the USSR was created in 1922 as a federal state. However, it increasingly turned to the state, in essence, a unitary, controlled from the center and level the differences between the republics, the subjects of federal relations. The problems of inter-republic and inter-ethnic relations were ignored for many years, the difficulties were driven deep, did not resolved. In the years of perestroika, when ethnic conflicts become explosive, extremely dangerous until 1990-1991. The accumulation of contradictions made the collapse inevitable. Secondly, formed in a common national economic complex of the USSR provided economic integration of the republics. However, as economic difficulties increase economic ties began to explode, Republic showed the tendency to isolate themselves, and the center was not ready for such developments. Thirdly, Soviet political system was based on the rigid centralization of power, the real carrier of which was not so much the state as the Communist Party. Crisis Committee, the loss of its leadership, its decay will inevitably lead to the disintegration of the country. Then, the unity and integrity of the Union is largely ensured by its ideological unity. The crisis of the communist system of values has created a spiritual vacuum that was filled with nationalistic ideas. Lastly, political, economic and ideological crisis facing the Soviet Union in recent years of its existence, has led to a weakening of the center and the republics of the increase, their political elites. National elites were economic, political and personal reasons is not so much interested in the preservation of the USSR, but in its disintegration. "Parade of sovereignties" in 1990 clearly showed the mood and intentions of the national party and government elites.

The consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union was 20 years, historians and politicians, citizens of the states not yet ready for given clear and reasonable conclusions. The collapse of the USSR led to the emergence of independent sovereign states, radically changed the geopolitical situation in Europe and around the world, the gap of economic relations has become a major cause of a deep economic crisis in Russia and other countries - successors of the USSR.

In addition, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991 from a political map of the world's last empire disappeared, then and there formed fifteen independent states. Almost all of them are in the process of formation of national statehood, development strategy, its place in the regional and global processes.

2. Creation of the CIS

Creation of the CIS was not the cause of the collapse of the USSR, just possible way to maintain a single post-Soviet space. CIS was not good organization but necessary in the development of the former Soviet republics in the post-age is, if not optimal, then at least "good model harmonization of bilateral relations".

“The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was founded in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Meetings are held periodically on a rotating basis at the CIS countries' capitals. Consist of 12 States - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan”. Initially, member countries of the CIS were not active and the desire for cooperation and convergence of the economies in the Commonwealth. Also in the early 1990s in Russia, a large part of the political elite appeared convinced that the other union republics of the RSFSR lived through, were and are an obstacle for its development. Therefore, the optimal policy for Russia acknowledged distancing from them and also closer to a more Western partners.

After The fall of the USSR in CA or CIS countries economical situation rapidly change decrease as subsidies dried up and Soviet markets disappeared and from Analysis of the annual results of the CIS countries and Russia makes it possible to assess the overall change in their socio-economic status and track their impact on the transition to a market economy.

In addition, we can conclude a broader plan on the effect of different models of reform and integration into the results.

The CIS countries have great natural and economic potential, which gives them a significant competitive advantage. Among them are for instance, some states of Central Asia in demand on the world market oil and natural gas, coal, timber, ferrous and rare metals, and other minerals, as well as fresh water and tracts of land suitable for agriculture and construction.

Why are so rich in natural resources and has a strong but worn out industrial potential of macro-region has a minor role in the global economy? Independence received by former members of the Soviet Union, had a devastating effect on their economies. Countries have lost the usual markets for products, the production fell apart over the years established economic ties. It immediately became clear that the violation of economic ties to anything good will not, and therefore there was an urgent need for an organization such as the CIS, as soon as the opportunity arose to sell their products to markets primarily in these countries (for example, is very popular in the middle Asia enjoys the products of the Russian auto giant "AvtoVAZ", which brings huge profits to the enterprise). But, unfortunately, not all production and business communication was restored, even today. This is due to the fact that the formation of new independent states of the former Soviet Union took place in difficult conditions, the economic collapse of the USSR and, accordingly, the economies of its republics, but also because of the prevailing extreme nationalism in the republics. Played a negative role is also a wave of office (the "parade of sovereignties") of the territories of former Soviet republics from their states (eg, South Ossetia and Abkhazia, etc.) as well as the presence of the disputed territories between former Soviet republics (for example, Nagorno-Karabakh). Because of all this, for many of the new countries has been very difficult to establish production and the economic mechanism based on market supply chains and create their products.

Conclusion

Finally, study aim is to find out a major factor in the collapse of the Soviet Union which was an economic crisis. Dissatisfaction with their constantly deteriorating socio-economic situation of the people transferred to fail in their functional responsibilities of government and administrative staff who were unable to offer a new and effective forms of economic and political development. The last attempt to solve the problem by military force in August 1991 finally undermined the authority of the union leadership. historical soviet political

The initiative was in the hands of national authorities, who initially sought independence for their republics. “The collapse of the Soviet Union has not only led to the creation of a new world order, but transformed the lives of all those who once lived there. The changes have been profound - economic, political, social and psychological. The demise of one empire led to the birth of 15 completely independent countries”.

Bibliography

1. Gorbachev M.S. (1995) Life and reform. Book. Two, 1995.

2. Primakov Y.M. (1999) Years in big politics.

3. Torkunov A.V. (1999) Contemporary International Relations.

4. Marples, David R. (2004) The Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 (Seminar Studies In History) Longman (London).

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