Tomas Becket
Thomas Becket - one of the key figures in English history XII century, Chancellor of Henry II. The activities of Archbishop of Canterbury thousand 1162 in 1170. Worship in the saints. The murder of the archbishop at the altar in his own cathedral.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | доклад |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 03.12.2014 |
| Размер файла | 13,3 K |
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Becket was born about 1118,[4] or in 1120 according to later tradition.[1] He was born in Cheapside, London, on 21 December.
He studied in London in Merton monastery. Then he studied civil and canon law at the University of Bologna and Paris. When he came back to England, Becket got a position in the household of Theobald of Bec, by now the Archbishop of Canterbury. Theobald entrusted him with several important missions to Rome where he met King Henry II and became Lord Chancellor.
They become very good friends. So when Henry was in France sorting out problems there, he left Becket in charge of England - such was his trust in him.
When the Archbishop of Canterbury died in 1162, Henry saw the chance to give his close friend even more power by appointing him Archbishop of Canterbury - the most important church position in England.
In Medieval England the Church was all powerful. The fear of going to Hell was very real and people were told that only the Catholic Church could save your soul so that you could go to Heaven. The most important position in the church in Medieval England was the Archbishop of Canterbury and both he and the king usually worked together. becket history archbishop cathedral
He wanted him to sign Clarendon constitution which consisted 16 statues to limit the power of church.
In Henry's reign, the Church had its own courts and any member of the Church could decide to be tried in a Church court rather than a royal court. Church courts usually gave out easier punishments to churchmen who had done wrong. Henry believed that this undermined his authority. As king, he was concerned that England was becoming too lawless - there was too much crime. He believed that Church courts did not set a good example as they were too soft on offenders. For example, a royal court would blind or cut off the hand of a thief; a Church court might send a thief on a pilgrimage.
Henry hoped that by appointing his good friend Becket, he might have more of a say in how the Church punished offenders. Henry passed a law which stated that any person found guilty in a Church court would be punished by a royal court.
Or for example church can't appoint vacant church positions without consent of the king, and the candidates were obliged to take an oath of loyalty to the monarch
The post of Archbishop changed Becket. He dropped his luxurious lifestyle; he ate bread and drank water, he had a luxury bed but preferred to sleep on the floor; he wore the rich clothes of an archbishop, but underneath the fine tunics he wore a horse hair shirt - very itchy and unpleasant to wear. He gave his expensive food to the poor.
Becket refused to sing this document and fled abroad for his own safety.
It took six years before Becket felt safe enough to return to England. However, they quickly fell out again when Becket asked the pope to excommunicate the Archbishop of York who had taken sides with the king. This was a very serious request and a very serious punishment for someone who could claim that he was only being loyal to the king. Henry was furious when he found out what Becket had done. Four knights heard what Henry had shouted and took it to mean that the king wanted Becket dead. They killed Becket on the steps leading to the altar, in the day when they had celebrating of Vespers.
Becket's body was still on the cathedral floor when people from Canterbury came in and tore off pieces of his clothes and then dipped these pieces in his blood. They believed that they would bring them luck and keep evil away.
Where Becket died quickly became a place of pilgrimage. The pope quickly made him a saint. Henry II asked the pope for forgiveness and he walked bare foot to Canterbury to pray at the spot where Becket was killed. Monks whipped him while he prayed.
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