The capture of Berlin in 1945

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru//

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru//

Introduction

The final battle in the Great Patriotic War was the Battle for Berlin, or Berlin strategic offensive operation, which took place from April 16 to May 8, 1945

April 16 at 3:00 local time began air and artillery training in the area of ??the 1st Byelorussian and the 1st Ukrainian Front. After its completion included 143 spotlights to blind the enemy, and the attack went infantry, supported by tanks. Without encountering strong opposition, she progressed to 1.5-2 km. However, the further advanced our troops, the stronger grew the enemy's resistance.

Troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front carried out a rapid maneuver on the exit to Berlin from the south and west. April 25 troops of the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Byelorussian Fronts joined West Berlin, completing the encirclement of the whole of the Berlin grouping.

The elimination of the Berlin enemy group in the city itself lasted until May 2nd. Sturm had to take every street and house. April 29 began fighting for the Reichstag, the mastery of which was placed on the 79 Infantry Corps 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front.

Before the storm the Reichstag Military Council 3rd Shock Army handed his nine divisions of red banners, specially made according to the type of the State Flag of the USSR. One of these red flags, known as the number 5 as the Banner of Victory, was transferred to the 150th Infantry Division. These homemade red banners, flags and pennants were in all the advanced units, formations and units. They usually were handed assault groups that are manned by volunteers and went into battle with the main task - to break into the Reichstag and set it on the Victory Banner. The first - in 22 hours 30 minutes Moscow time, April 30, 1945 assault hoisted the red flag on the roof of the Reichstag on the sculptural figure of the "Goddess of Victory" artillery reconnaissance 136th Army cannon artillery brigade senior sergeants GK Zagitov, AF Lisimenko, AP Beavers and Sergeant AP Minin from the assault team of the 79th Infantry Corps, commanded by Captain VN Poppies, artillery assault group to act together with the battalion captain SA Neustroeva. After two or three hours on the roof of the Reichstag also on the sculpture equestrian knight - Kaiser Wilhelm - by order of the commander of the 756 th Infantry Regiment, 150th Infantry Division Colonel FM Zinchenko was established Red Flag number 5, which then became famous as the Banner of Victory. Red Flag number 5 hoisted intelligence sergeant MA Egorov and Junior Sergeant M. Kantariya, which was accompanied by Lieutenant AP Elm and machine gunners of the Company Sergeant Major IJ Syanova.

Fighting for the Reichstag continued until the morning on May 1. At 6 hours and 30 minutes in the morning on May 2 Head Berlin Defense Artillery General G. Weidling surrendered and ordered the remnants of the Berlin garrison on the termination resistance. At midday, the resistance of the Nazis in the city stopped. The same day were eliminated surrounded by German troops south-east of Berlin.

May 9 at 0:43 Moscow time Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as well as representatives of the German Navy, which had the appropriate authority of Doenitz, in the presence of Marshal GK Zhukov on the Soviet side signed the act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Brilliantly executed operation, coupled with the courage of Soviet soldiers and officers who fought for an end to a four-year nightmare of war, led to the logical outcome: victory.

The battle

April 16:

Berlin began operation Soviet troops. Objective: To complete the defeat of Germany, Berlin master, connect with allies.

Infantry and tanks of the 1st Belorussian Front launched an attack before dawn when light anti-aircraft searchlights and advanced to 1.5-2 km.

At dawn on the See low Heights Germans came to their senses and fight with ferocity. Zhukov enters into battle tank armies.

April 16. 45g. Troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front Konev met on its way to attack less resistance and immediately boost Neisse.

April 17:

First team of Ukrainian Front Konev ordered the commander of his tank armies fishing and Lelyushenko advance on Berlin. Konev requires Lelyushenko fishing and not to engage in protracted and frontal battles, boldly advance to Berlin. In the battle for Berlin died twice Hero of the Soviet Union, the commander of a tank battalion Guards. Mr. S.Hohryakov

April 18:

By the Berlin operation, covering the right flank, joined 2nd Rokossovsky Belorussian Front. By the end of the day the front Konev completed breakthrough neysenskogo defensive line, crossed the river. Spree and provide conditions for the environment in the south of Berlin. First Byelorussian Front troops Zhukov all day break third lane on the enemy defenses on the Seelow Heights Odere.

April 19:

By the end of the day Zhukov troops broke through the third band Oder turn on the Seelow Heights. On the left wing of the front Zhukov create conditions for clipping the Frankfurt-Guben enemy group from Berlin.

April 20:

Directive Stavka commander of the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts: "Handle with Germans better." Stalin, Antonov and another directive Betting: identification of signs and signals at a meeting of the Soviet Army and allied forces. In the long-range artillery 13.50 79 Infantry Corps 3rd Shock Army first opened fire on Berlin - the beginning of the storming of the city.

April 20, 1945:

Konev and Zhukov sent troops to their fronts almost identical orders: "The first break in Berlin!"

April 21:

By the evening of compound 2 Guards Tank, 3 and 5 shock armies of the 1st Byelorussian Front reached the north-eastern outskirts of Berlin. 8th Guards and 1st Guards Tank Army penetrated the defensive perimeter city of Berlin and in Rheine Petershagen Erkner. Hitler ordered to turn 12 Army, previously aimed against the Americans, against the 1st Ukrainian Front. It now aims to connect with the remnants of the 9th and 4th Panzer Army, punches to the south-west of Berlin.

April 22:

3 Guards Tank Army Rybalko broke into the southern part of Berlin and 17.30 is fighting for Teltow - telegram to Stalin Konev. Hitler was the last time refused to leave Berlin until vozmozhnost.Gebbels was so moved with his family to the bunker under the Reich Chancellery ("Fьhrer's bunker"). Assault flags awarded the Military Council of the 3rd Shock Army divisions, the storming of Berlin. Among them, a flag, which has become the banner of victory - flag 150 assault rifle division flag, which has become the banner of victory - Assault flag 150 Infantry Division.

April 23:

In Rheine, the Spremberg Soviet troops encircled grouping Germans liquidated. The destroyed parts Panzer Division "Protection of the Fuhrer". The 1st Ukraniskogo front are fighting in the south of Berlin. At the same time they took to r.Elba northwest of Dresden. Goering, who left Berlin, turned to Hitler on the radio, asking him to approve the head of government. Received orders from Hitler, suspend it from the government. Bormann ordered the arrest of Goering for treason.

April 24:

Himmler was trying unsuccessfully through the Swedish diplomat Count Bernadotte offer Allies surrender on the Western Front. Impact of compound 1 Belarusian and 1 Ukrainian Front in the district of Brandenburg closed the encirclement of German forces in Berlin. Forces of the German 9th and 4th tank. Surrounded by armies in the woods southeast of Berlin. Part 1 Ukrainian Front reflect counterpunch 12th German Army.

April 25:

Report: "In the suburbs of Berlin Ransdorf has a restaurant where" readily produces sale "beer our soldiers for the occupation of the brand." Head of the political 28 Guards Rifle Regiment Borodin ordered Ransdorfa restaurant owners to close them for a while, until the end of the battle. In the area Torgau on the Elbe Soviet troops Ukrainian 1 fr. met with the troops of the 12th US Army Group General Bradley. Forcing the Spree, 1 Ukrainian Front troops Konev and troops of the 1st Byelorussian Front Zhukov rush to the center of Berlin. A gust of Soviet soldiers in Berlin is in no way stop.

April 26:

Troops of the 1st Belorussian Front in Berlin and took Gartenshtadt Gerlitsky station, troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front - district Dahlem.

April 28:

Konev approached with a proposal to change Zhukov razgranliniyu between their fronts in Berlin - the city center to transfer its front. Zhukov asked Stalin to give the honor of taking the center of Berlin for his army front, replacing troops south of the city Konev. The General Staff ordered troops Konev, who have already reached the Tiergarten, a band pass offensive Zhukov. Order №1 military commandant of Berlin, Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel-General Berzarina the transition of all power in the hands of Berlin Soviet military commandant. The population of the city was declared that the National Socialist Party of Germany and its organization and activities of their bloom is prohibited. Order Sets the order behavior of the population and determine the basic provisions necessary for the normalization of life in the city.

April 29:

Began fighting for the Reichstag, the mastery of which was assigned to the 79th Infantry Corps 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front. A break barriers in Berlin Kayzerallee tank N.Shendrikova got 2 holes, caught fire, the crew is out of order. Mortally wounded commander, gathered his last strength, sat down at the controls and threw the flaming tank into enemy gun. Hitler's marriage to Eva Braun in the bunker under the Reich Chancellery. Witness - Goebbels. In his testament politocheskom Hitler ruled Goering of the Nazi Party and was officially named as his successor Grand Admiral Doenitz. Soviet troops are fighting for the Berlin metro.

April 30:

The Soviet command has rejected the German command to start negotiations on time. cease-fire. The requirement for one thing - surrender! Began storming of the Reichstag building, which was defended by more than 1,000 Germans and SS from different countries. In different places of the Reichstag were fixed a few red flags - from the regimental and divisional to homemade. Scouts 150th Division Yegorov and Kantariya around midnight ordered to hoist the red flag over the Reichstag. Lieutenant Berest from the battalion Neustroeva led combat mission to install Banner over the Reichstag. Installed about 3.00, May 1 Hitler committed suicide in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery, taking poison and shot in the head with a pistol. Hitler's corpse is burned in the courtyard of the Reich Chancellery. Hitler as Chancellor on reserves Goebbels, who committed suicide the next day. Before his death, Hitler appointed Bormann Reich Minister for the party (previously there was no such post).

May 1:

Troops of the 1st Belorussian Front captured Bandenburgom in Berlin's Charlottenburg district cleared, Schцneberg and 100 quarters. In Berlin, Goebbels committed suicide and his wife, Magda, after slaying their 6 children. In the army headquarters in Berlin Chuikov arrived early. it. Krebs of Staff, said the suicide of Hitler, offered a truce. Stalin confirmed categorical demand unconditional surrender in Berlin. At 18.30 in connection with the dismissal of capitulation on the Berlin garrison suffered fire attack. Began a massive surrender of the Germans in captivity.

May 2:

In 0100 the radio 1st Belorussian Front received a message in Russian: "Please stop the fire. Shipped Parlimentaire on Potsdam Bridge " A German officer on behalf of the defense team of Berlin Weidling reported readiness berlinskogogo garrison cease resistance. At 6.00 General Weidling surrendered, and an hour later signed an order on the surrender of the Berlin garrison. The enemy's resistance in Berlin completely stopped. The remnants of the garrison surrendering en masse. In Berlin captured deputy Goebbels to promote and printing - Dr. Fritsche. Fritsche interrogation showed that Hitler, Goebbels and the Chief of General Staff General Krebs committed suicide. Stalin's order on the contribution of fronts Zhukov and Konev to the defeat of the Berlin group. By 21.00 surrendered already 70 thousand. Germans irrecoverable losses of the Red Army in the Berlin operation - 78 thousand. Man. Losses of the enemy - 1 million, including 150 thousand. Killed

Everywhere in Berlin deployed Soviet field kitchens that have "wild barbarians" feed the hungry Berliners. battle berlin soviet troop

Размещено на Allbest.ru