"Revolution" (618-907 .) (960-1279 .)

(618-907 .) (960-1279 .)

. .

31.10.2017
2,1 M

. ,

, , , , .

:

4. (1182) (. XII - . XIII .). , - , , . : ( ) , . , , , , . - , . , . . , , . , VII - VIII . , . , .

, , , , , , , . ( 618 - 907 .) . . . - - , - . () . , , .

, , .VIII . .

1.3 (960 - 1279 .).

VIII . - , . ( V). : (. ), , . , , : (), , . XII . ( . . . 1178 .), - (1135 - 1189 .) , . <> () , (). <> (), - . 60 .

. , , , . , (Tެ־1225 .) (wm1170 - 1228 .). - (1135 - 1189 .) . (. 1178) , , . (H) , ( ), (չF ) .

: - . <> (, .. ). . , (). . . <> .

- . : <> , . , . . , , , , . . () , . , , . . , . . , . ( ) , (), ,

:

(չF ) . () 29 .

, - : , , , . , . , () .

(v 960 - 1279 .). ( 1127 - 1279) (YB1127 .) , . . , , , , , - ; () ; - . . (L). , , VIII - XIII . , , (\).

. , , 872 () - . - , - (D@873 - 888 .). (), (), () , - .

- , , (). , . . ( . ) - , , , . - : (xO) , , , ; , , , , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , () , . (չF ) , , , , . (Ɲ) , . (ڨ) .

, ( - ), , , , . , , . , (. ; ) , . . - (@ 826 - 840 .) . , () ( A), (), . , , . . ( ެ), ( q). , , () ( y׋q) ( ܐ׋q). (1304 - 1377 .) . XIV . . , , , , . : , , , . , , . , , .

. , , . XIII . () , (). (e) - 1250 1280 . , - - , , , , . , , : , .

, , . , 1217, 1192 , , (). , , . , , - . (). . , , . , () , .

, 10 : . . , , . , , ( - ) . ( - ) , . , .

, , , . . . , . , , 847 - , . , . , . (Fڐl)( ) T ( ). , . , , . .

2.

(618-907) (v960 - 1279) (. . ); (), , , . , , , . , . .

, :

1. (), () .

2. (). - .

3. ( ).

4. . .

- - - , . , , , , , () ().

, , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , . , : , ; , - , ( - ( -), 1275 . , , , . XX , : 1009 ., 1212 ., 1260 . 1290 . , XIV , , 1275 . 1278 ., , 1280 1283.

2.1

- - . , .

- 20 - 30 XX , , . , , , , . - , , . , , , (????1368-1644/1662 .), , , . , . : - (?? 684 705 - 710 .), 705 . - (?? 712 - 756 .), 717 . , (1271 - 1264 .), . . , (1297 - 1307 .) . (??? 1368 - 1398 .), , (1385) , . (?? 1403-1424 .), (1414) (??1402 - 1424 .) .

, - 1526 , : - (@ 712 - 756 .), (쌚742 - 756 .) - . , - (J1125 - 1127 .), (N1125 - 1127 .) - . - 1342 , . 1315 .

1683 . : . - (@ 712 - 756 .) . , 1127 , - . , (1271-1264), 1260 1264 , . (1264 - 1294 .) , .

, : , - (@ 627 - 649 .), (ؑ^627 - 650 .). (\R 703-757.), 755 763 , , 3000 , . . , 755 - (@ 712 - 756 .), - (C756 - 762 .). - , , . - , , , . , . - - , , . , 757 - . , , , , , - , .

, , . , (1271 - 1368) (ۇ1368 - 1644/ 1662 .), , , , . , , , , . - - - 742 . (쌚). : , (췽֮.. ) , . , . : , . , , , , . , , , . , , , - . , - (581-604 .), (Jc581 - 600). , - . () . 742, 756 , .

, :

1. -, 581 600 . , , 570/1 - 632 .

2. , - (ʳ), - , . (1271 - 1368 .) (ۇ1368 - 1644 .).

3. : - (@) (쌚), , .

4. , . , , . .

, , . , 1369 (錳 1368 - 1398 .) . , . , , : . , , . , , , , 1368 1388 .

, . , , . , . (fƕ) , , . , , . . , , . , . -, . , (׭) , . , , , , , . - , , , , - - .

2.2 -

, , , (}) - (), . - , . , , , - , . , ( ), , , 16 5 (.. 54 . 88 .), .

, . , . (1911 - 1949) , , , , , 615 , . - 1468 , . 17 .

(1206 .) (1177 - 1225 .) : - , . , .. . , 615 . , , . , 5 6 ( ), , , . , . , , , , . , 1072 - , , , . , - , , .

- . - , , (e) - 1250 - 1280 . (), , (ۇ1368-1644/1662.) , (ÞՑ). , .

(. 5 ) , . , . , - . , , 1307 . 1354 . , 1343 1350 (751 . ).

, - - (@ 627 - 649 .), (ؑ^627 - 649 .), , , 627 . , , , . - , - - , 1988 . - , , , , , , .

2.3

, , , . , .

, 1648 1670 , : . , 1453 , , 1281 , 1670, , 1314 1320. , 1271 , 1312. , 1127 .

1291 , , , . , . , 1308 1331 . , 1331 , , ( ). , 1324 , , . , 1323 , 74 , .

, , , , , , (Ƴ 618-907 .), - - . ? , . , 600 . , , , , - . , - . , , . , , , , .

(618 - 907 .) (960 - 1279 .). : , . : , , , . , . 751 . , , , : . , . , , 651 .

, , : (), , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , .

. , , . XIII . (1271 - 1368 .), , .

, . , , , . (), (), . . , , , .

, , , , . (820 - 912/13 885) - VIII . , X . , , - (982).

, , - .

, , . , , , . , , . , , , , .

1. .. . // . .: , 2010. . 47 - 54.

2. .., . XIII - XVIII .// . : , 2010. . 96-102.

3. .. . - .: , 2013. . - 419.

4. . . . . (221 . . . -- 1757 . . .) // . . . . , . . . .: , -, 2009.

5. .. , . . 1 - .; - .: - . , 1950. . - 471.

6. .. (751 .). // . . XXII. .: 1980. . 132-135.

7. .. : , , , . .: , 2007.. -- 440.

8. .. , . : // . - 2014 - 3 - 2 (59). . 61-65.

9. .. ( , , ) / ... ... .: , 1987.

10. / , .. . . ., 1960; .. --I . ., 1963.

11. .. - . . . .: . . XLIV, . 1 / .: .. . - .: ( ), 2014. - 594 . - ( . . . 14 / .: .. .). . 173-180. .. .. . VI. . . .

12. .. ظ // . 2007. 2. . 4 - 17.

13. .. : // . 2007. 3. . 153-160.

14. .. // . . .4. .: . . -. . 13, 2012. . 38 - 47.

15. XXI : 10./ .. .. : .III. , , , (220-907) / .. .., .. . .: - , 2014.

16. .. : / .. . -- .: ̻, 2011. -- 368 .

17. .. . .: , 1999.

18. .. - . // . . 6. . . 746-747.

19. .. (.) . .-.: - , 1939.

20. .. . . . .: , 1982. . - 271.

21. .. . 3- . 1. VIII . - 60- XIX . ., , 1996.

22. .. - . ., " " XXII, . 2, 1991. . 44-46.

23. .. // . . [. 2.] ., 2007. . 318-325.

24. . : , // . - 2008. - 3. - . 87-91.

25. , . , , 2014. . 124-130.

26. .. . . - : . . -, 1989. . - 432.

27. .. ; -- 2- ., . . -- .: - , - ? ?, 2002. . - 736.

28. .. . // . . 3 (19). : , 2012. . 71 - 75.

29. .. VII - XV . / .. ... - 2- . - .: - .-. -, 2007.

30. . .. . - . . . 3. 1993.

31. .. . .: , 1960. . - 192.

32. . ( ) 110. / . . B. C. . . 1. .: , 1968.

33. .. - , . ., " " XX, 2,1989, .244-246.

34. . . .: , 1960.

35. -. [] ( ). // . . . . . . - .: " ", 2012.

36. .. - (VII - XI .) // European Social Science Journal. - 2011. - 3(6). . 199 - 207.

37. . . . - - - / . . . . . - .: . , 2014. . 46.

38. - . . . ( ) . , ., . . . . . - .: , 2001.

39. .. " " XIII - XIV .., " " 5, 1., 1974, . 147 - 155.

40. David O. Morgan. The new Cambridge History of Islam.The Eastern Islamic World. Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Volume 3. Cambridge University Press.2011.

41. Dillon M. China's Muslim Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects. Great Britain, Curzon Press, 1999.

42. Dru C. Gladney. Dislocating China. Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2004.

43. Hansen V. Open Empire: A History of China to 1600. Second Edition, 2015; W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.

44. Israeli R. Muslims in China: A study in Cultural confrontation, Curzon, London, 1980.

45. Jarring G. Culture Clash in Central Asia: Islamic views on Chinese theatre: Eastern Turki texts edited with translations, notes and vocabulary. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1991.

46. Jonathan M. Bloom. Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World. 3 2. December, 2005.

47. Jonathan N. Lipman. Familiar strangers: A history of Muslims in Northern China (Studies on Ethnic Groups in China). University of Washington Press. Seattle and London. 1997.

48. Mills J. V. Notes on Early Chinese Voyages. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. No. 1/2 (Apr., 1951), pp. 3-25.

49. Leslie D. D. Islam in Traditional China: A Short History to 1800. Canberra College of Advanced Education, Canberra, 1986.

50. Muthesius Anna. M. The Impact of the Mediterranean Silk Trade on Western Europe before 1200 A.D. Textile Society of America. 1990.

51. Needham J. Science and Civilization in China. V.5. Paper and printing. Cambridge University Press., 1954.

52. Petersen. A. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. London and New York: Routledge Press., 1996.

53. Shoujiang Mi. Islam in China. Beijing, 2004.

54. Steinhardt N. Sh."China's Earliest Mosques", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians . 67 (3). 2008.

55. The Cambridge History of China. Volume 6. Alien regimes and border states, 907--1368 / Edited by Herbert Franke and Denis Twitchett. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press. 1994.

56. Wang H. Money on the Silk Road: The Evidence from Eastern Central Asia to c.AD 800. London. Minerva vol. 15, no. 6 (Nov/Dec 2004), pp. 46-47.

57. 618 - 907( ). . . . . . . (09.00.13) / ; - . . . - - , 2006. . 155.

58. Shahar M. Muslim Ancestry and Chinese Identity in Southeast China. Thesis submitted for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Oded Abt Submitted to the Senate of Tel Aviv University. 2012. . 371.

...

:


  • , . . .

    [15,9 K], 23.02.2012

  • . . . , .

    [74,4 K], 19.03.2015

  • . . . .

    [31,6 K], 22.11.2014

  • . . . . . .

    [30,6 K], 09.04.2018

  • -

    . . . .

    [49,3 K], 17.02.2015

  • - . VII-VIII . - , , , .

    [44,6 K], 05.06.2015

  • , 30-40 . . . . .

    [23,0 K], 26.04.2009

  • (1840-1842)

    . . - . 30-31 1841 . .

    [107,3 K], 06.06.2017

  • - . . , - . , ظ .

    [17,9 K], 21.02.2012

  • () . VII , , - . , . , .

    [360,5 K], 04.06.2011

  • . ( ) . . "" . .

    [48,7 K], 13.01.2009

  • . 1990-2000- . . .

    [99,8 K], 23.07.2015

  • . , . .

    [1,1 M], 07.12.2013

  • . . . .

    [23,1 K], 10.07.2010

  • - XVIII : . - .

    [98,0 K], 16.02.2010

  • 20-30-

    : . . .

    [138,7 K], 24.06.2017

  • - , . , . , . .

    [90,7 K], 25.06.2015

  • , . . . . . , .

    [27,3 K], 21.05.2014

  • , . . . .

    [16,1 K], 03.03.2012

  • " " (481-221 . ..), . : , , , , , . .

    [3,4 M], 20.01.2011

, , ..
PPT, PPTX PDF- .
.

2000 2023,