Concept of national historiography and its unity

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Concept of national historiography and its unity

Anatoliy Kotsur

The features of the formation and development of Ukrainian national historiography, its main component is unity, reveal. Ukrainian historiography can show how history of becoming and developing historian mind and culture of Ukrainian people. The history of patriotic national historiography fills with valuable experience and lessons, methodology toolkits.

Modern Ukrainian national resurgences open opportunities for moving to a new stage in the development of national historiography, creation real scientific history of Ukrainian people. The new conception of history of Ukraine confirms from modern methodology positions where it is an integral part of European and world historical process. The idea of Ukrainian historical identity, continuity of national historical development remains dominant.

Collectivism of Ukrainian historical scientific idea coincided with time of globalization of civilizational processes in the modern world which opened wide opportunities to Ukrainian historians who should attain achievements of world's historical science and keep national originality. Ukrainian historical scientist is in XXI century how unity national idea which freed from negative accretions of the past, interpret in a new way owing to prism of national interests of Ukraine which will better serve the self-affirmation of the Ukrainian nation, governmental and national ideas.

Keywords: Ukrainian historiography, national historiography, unity of historical idea, history, historian, scientific schools, methodology, historical process.

historiography ukrainian collegiality

Анатолій Коцур

Концепт національної історіографії та її соборність

Розкриваються особливості становлення та розвитку української національної історіографії, її важливої складової - соборності. Українська історіографія розглядається як історія становлення та розвитку історичної думки українців, історичної свідомості, культури українського суспільства. Історія вітчизняної національної історіографії наповнена цінним досвідом та уроками, методологічним інструментарієм.

Сучасне українське національне відродження відкрило широкі можливості для переходу до нового етапу в розвитку вітчизняної історіографії, створення справді наукової історії українського народу З позицій сучасної методології утверджується нова концепція історії України, де вона постає як невід'ємна складова європейського й світового історичного процесу. Поряд з цим домінуючою залишається ідея української історичної самоідентифікації, безперервності й наступності вітчизняного історичного розвитку.

З'ясовуються найважливіші складові соборності української історіографії, цілісності національної історичної думки.

Ключові слова: українська історіографія, національна історіографія, соборність історичної думки, історія, історики, наукові школи, методологія, історичний процес.

Анатолий Коцур (Киев)

Концепт национальной историографии и ее соборность

Раскрываются особенности становления и развития украинской национальной историографии, ее важной составляющей - соборности. Украинская историография рассматривается как история становления и развития исторической мысли украинцев, исторического сознания, культуры украинского общества. История отечественной национальной историографии наполнена ценным опытом и уроками, методологическим инструментарием.

Современное украинское национальное возрождение открыло широкие возможности для перехода к новому этапу в развитии отечественной историографии, создания подлинно научной истории украинского народа. С позиций современной методологии утверждается новая концепция истории Украины, где она выступает как неотъемлемая составляющая европейского и мирового исторического процесса. Наряду с этим доминирующей остается идея украинской исторической самоидентификации, непрерывности и преемственности отечественного исторического развития.

Выясняются важнейшие составляющие соборности украинской историографии, целостности национальной исторической мысли.

Ключевые слова: украинская историография, национальная историография, соборность исторической мысли, история, историки, научные школы, методология, исторический процесс.

Historiography is very important historical discipline and it learns processes of accumulation of knowledge about developing society and perfection of methods of historical researchers, history of development of historical idea, struggle of different currents in it, methods of research of historical facts, ways of formation of scientific knowledge of historical processes. So, the term «historiography» uses in two senses. On the one hand, it is writing stories of aggregated rates, systematic expositions of the historical past of the country and nation, monographic researchers, articles which are dedicated to a certain question etc. On the other hand, historiography how subject has a broader meaning. It learns the history of historical knowledge, history of science about developing nation and historical idea in the aggregate or individual nation [4, p. 7].

The subject Historiography is a part of historical science. It has developed in close connection with historical knowledge and historical science that originated in the early period of the development of culture and education and developed in subsequent periods of historical process.

The tasks of historiography must show how the accumulation of historical knowledge was, how the range of historical concepts and ideas expanded, how the new historical sources introduced into using. These sources were available to historians of concrete period. The main task of branch of this science is to show how the views of researchers on historical past developed, understand how social events presented in articles of historians, historical ways and schools. We should understand how social events ascertain the social position of its time. It is known that historians of concrete periods and countries wanted to understand some events according to their understanding of the events of social life, according to their ideology which was dependent on the identity of the period and the country where they lived. So, subject Historiography is a part of history of social mind in a concrete period.

The modern Ukrainian science has very complex and difficult task. When historians of other countries without difficulty can focus on the study of the historical past of a people Ukrainian historiography has the second task except objective coverage of important life processes of our country. It is refute false highlighted the historical processes of the Ukrainian people which government of USSR presented for its own political interests. Soviet historiography has followed it. Our modern historical science must attract researchers for research right above historical past of Ukrainian people. Researchers have faith in our historical truth reliance on solid and undeniable foundations.

We know that the subject of Ukrainian historiography is development of Ukrainian scientific work on researches of the past of Ukraine and together with development of Ukrainian national historical idea. Ukrainian study of the past had its origin in the form of chronicles from XI century when writing originated in Ukraine. The period of the second half of the 16th and 17th centuries is a period of enormous epic struggle for national liberation of Ukrainian people with external enemies. This processes scored in the sights of folk art, literature, art and historiography too. The liberation and cultural movement of the time displayed in the range of Cossack chronicle and various chronicles whose authors and typesetters presented very important events of the time. This period may be called era heyday of Ukrainian Cossack officer historiography. The success in development historical knowledges of Ukraine in XVII and the first half of XVIII centuries characterized by the introduction of historians in the use of a relatively large number of sources. Historical works of the second half of the XVIII are mainly compilation and systematization of what gave preliminary study.

The criticism of sources and scientific researchers approach had almost missed in historiography of Ukraine before XIX century. Scientific sources and application of scientific and critical approach to the study of the history of Ukraine has begun from the second third of the XIX century and acquired scientific significance in the post-reform period. Since the XX century the first scientific scheme of Ukrainian history was created (M. Hrushevsky), then Ukrainian historiography entered a new period which marked advantage, and eventually winning the national-statist direction (V Lipinski). Various deviations of this direction represented modern Ukrainian science. The decade of the rule of the totalitarian regime caused a big damage to the historiography of history of Ukraine. Recently we can read the big source materials and historiography which our predecessors and teachers left for us, for example, V Antonovich, M. Drahomanov, D. Yavornytsky, M. Hrushevsky, D. Doroshenko etc. Ukrainian modern analysis of historical idea allows us to declare that the main task of historians is the return of the historical memory to people of all Ukrainian lands. We must give to understand that Ukrainian people is a people of worldwide.

According to the important, modern, local historians, Ukrainian historiography is a branch of historical science that learns trends of historical knowledge, Ukrainian historical idea, activity of scientific centers and centers of historical science, a contribution of outstanding Ukrainian historians to the enrichment of historical knowledge not only of Ukraine's history, but world history [2, p. 11].

When professor J. Kalakura analyzed Ukrainian historiography of the 90s of XX - the beginning of the XXI century, he declared that «it isn't hard to notice one important trend that is joint efforts and consolidation of most historians of mainland Ukraine and Ukrainian diaspora around the national statehood idea, formation specific unity of historical idea, its integration in European and world historiographical space» [2, p. 445-446]. We agree with prominent scientist that local historical idea return bereaved unity, concealment or forgotten names of historians, their works and overcome hostility and alienation of historians of Soviet training and historians of Ukrainian diaspora.

The unity of Ukrainian historiography is collection in one state lands not only ethnic, all Ukrainian people but also its social, political, ideological and historical scientific idea.

It is the classic definition: the unity of national historiography is a condition when the main deviations and ways of historical idea are together, its representatives consolidation around ideals of Ukrainian national and governmental idea, its purpose is deep, objective, comprehensive and truthful research and coverage of history of Ukraine when achievements of different generations of Ukrainian historiography solidaritate and accumulate, scientific works synthesize [2, p. 447]; a set of historical and cognitive principles, scientific sustainability, phenomenon of new paradigm of history of Ukraine, its national revival [3, p. 35-37]. It is an important conclusion that the unity is a new value category, new quality of national historical science.

Ukrainian postsoviet historians have an understanding of local national idea, national governmental approach, work for Ukraine, its present and future.

Ukraine has not an easy way of national revival and national sovereignty. Intellectual potential will decide its fate. Besides of profound knowledges, it must have high civic position, love for country, homeland, people. The spiritual heritage forms these national patriotic positions. One of the spiritual heritage is historiography of Ukraine which is very important historical discipline, a part of Ukrainian historical science. We must accelerate integration of Ukrainian historiography into European and world intellectual space because we remember that historiography is «reflective components of process of historical knowledge» [1, p. 97] and historiographical fact «adequately reflects the overall of state of science in society» [1, p. 96].

Sources and literature

1. Historiographical Dictionary: A manual for students of historical faculties of universities / Posohov S., S. Kudelko, Y Zaitsev and others. - Kharkov: East Regional Center of Humanities and Education Initiatives, 2004. - 320 p.

2. Kalakura Ja. Ukrainian historiography: Lectures / Ja. Kalakura. - Kyiv: Genesis, 2004. - 496 p.

3. Kotsur A. «Ukrainian national revival»: the terminology and conceptual reflection in historiography in the 20-21 centuries / A. Kotsur // Journal of Ukrainian history. - Kyiv, 2007. - Issue 8. - P 35-37.

4. Kotsur V Historiography of history of Ukraine / V Kotsur, A.Kotsur. - Chernivtsi, 1999. - 520 p.

References

1. Istoriografichnyj slovnyk: Navch. posib. Dlja studentiv istorychnyh fakul'tetiv universytetiv / S.I. Posohov, S.M. Kudelko, Ju.L. Zajceva ta in. - H.: Shidno-regional'nyj centr gumanitarno-osvitnih iniciatyv, 2004. - 320 s.

2. Kalakura Ja.S. Ukrai'ns'ka istoriografija: Kurs lekcij / Ja.S. Kalakura. - K.: Geneza, 2004. - 496 s.

3. Kotsur A. «Ukrai'ns'ke nacional'ne vidrodzhennja»: terminologichno-ponjatijne vidobrazhennja v istoriografii' HH-HHI st. / A. Kotsur // Chasopys ukrai'ns'koi' istorii'. - K., 2007. - Vyp. 8. - S. 35-37.

4. Kotsur V.P. Istoriografija istorii' Ukrai'ny / V.P. Kotsur, A.P. Kotsur. - Chernivci, 1999. - 520 s.

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