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Vladimirsky State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Manor of Count Vladimir Khrapovitsky in the village Muromtsevo

Grekhova M.

The basic maintains of research

Russia is a country with a long history and rich culture. There are a lot of unique castles and churches, mansions and temples, which create the unique beauty of our country. In my work I paid attention to the estate of Count Vladimir Khrapovitsky, which became a monument of architecture and object of cultural heritage of federal importance.

Manor "Muromtsevo" - rare for an average strip Russia of its architectural design noble mansion, built by order of Colonel of the Life Guards Vladimir Khrapovitsky at the end of the XIX century by the architect Peter Boytsov. Located in the village Muromtsevo Sudogodsky District Vladimir region, about 3 km from the city Sudogda, 40 km from the Vladimir and 200 km from Moscow.

The palace and park complex, covering an area of over 40 hectares, combines the principles of regular and landscape planning in the architectural and landscape ustroitelstve and who had a wide range of buildings, made in the same style and are intended not only for housing and recreation, but also for a large garden - parkovoy, craft and industrial and forestry activities. The entire complex consists of 72 buildings. [4]

At present, the manor consists of 20 monuments of cultural heritage. Presidential Decree manor Khrapovitsky "Muromtsevo" protected by the state as a monument of architecture and object of cultural heritage of federal importance.

By joining the legacy of Vladimir Khrapovitsky estate found not in the best condition, many uncomfortable, the old manor house, launched park, blighted economy. Khrapovitsky decides to rebuild the estate according to your taste and the latest fashion. Design of the estate, he orders a popular architect Pyotr Samoilovich Boytsov, talented stylist architecture of bygone eras. He worked in the style of the late French Gothic, Renaissance and English Gothic.

In June 1884 began construction of the main house - a palace in the spirit of medieval European castles. The first phase of construction took place in the period from 1884 to 1889 years. Fighters build the main house with a cascade of ponds in front of it and the surrounding buildings and structures. Initially, the main house was two stories. In 1906 the main building of the estate was attached did not spoiling the original idea right wing with a high tower designed by an unknown architect. [1]

1884 should be considered the year of birth and park ensemble, when at the same time laying the main house gardener Sheremetevsky "Kuskovo" Charles Enke breaks on a hill near the palace of the regular "French garden" in the form of eight-pointed star, taken in the square alleys.

With the permission of the Vladimir diocese for 4 years near the main manor house was built a church with a throne in the name of Martyr Tsarina Alexandra, consecrated in 1899, the feast day of Prince Vladimir. During the construction of the estate of the church, designed in the neo-Russian style, a long time friend kopivsheesya discontent finally led to a break between the customer and the architect.

Manor is one of the many eclectic "locks" pre-revolutionary Russia, built on a romantic reading of the European Middle Ages. Among the many unique - the castle Popov, Sheremetev castle, palace Ponizovkin in Red Profintern, the Palace of the Princess of Oldenburg, Mayendorf. The main manor house (palace) was located in the center of the estate and is an asymmetrical relative to the central axis of the inspection architectural composition consisting of two distinct and different times of forming structures (1884-1889, 1906).

In the palace there were more than 80 different rooms, living rooms and living rooms. The project was implemented taking into account all the innovations: electric lighting of buildings and the park from the Autonomous locomobile, central heating, water supply from the steam pumps and two water towers, sewage, telephone in the rooms, private telegraph station.

The entrance to the park from the Muromtseva and by road from the train station were united by one avenue leading to the palace. It housed playing fields; smoothly curved paths, decorated with sculptures shop Kozlov; large field with picturesque groups of trees, and even artificial streams. Along the tracks were electric lights, made in factories Maltsova and Vienna's trendy garden furniture made of bent wood, benches and chairs by Thonet, which significantly transformed the appearance of the park. Ponds, illuminated with colored electric lights, fountains and cascades surrounded by exotic vegetation reinforces the impression of luxury and splendor of the estate. [3]

All manor buildings were located in a vast park with arboretum and nursery - are growing hundreds of rare and exotic species of trees: balsam fir, cypress, jack pine, butternut, and many others. The park consists of three parts: an Italian (water cascades on the terraces and water parterres), French (fountains, greenhouses and playgrounds) and English (alleys, fields and ponds - was added in 1910). [1]

The ensemble of the estate included a large orchard where there were hundreds of fruit trees and shrubs, two greenhouses, two greenhouses, a number of greenhouses. At the entrance to the estate and the palace were broken flower beds and beds of unusual shape, which is famous for the manor.

In the stables were the best racers Khrapovitsky (30 goals) Petrov-known breeders Sokolov, Golovnin, Sheremetev, the number of herds of cattle exceeded one hundred. Huge yard intended for breeding birds lyubitelnitsey which was the mistress. During breeding geese breed Khrapovitsky China was awarded the silver medal of the Ministry of Agriculture. Coach house was designed for a large number of guests, as well as horse-drawn carriages, the droshky, carriages and sleighs Khrapovitsky himself that he ordered only Petterson.

The interior features luxurious finish. The floors of mosaic parquet, paintings and carved wood ceilings, walls and doors, polished wood. Ceiling painting in the Anteroom, decorative painting in the living room and dining room have been performed by the Moscow artist Augustus Tomashki. The palace was Khrapovitsky more than 80 rooms, and each of them, as in the Peterhof, was trimmed by special. There were rooms: mirror, Amber, malachite, blue, pink and so on. D. [2]

The rooms of the castle were illuminated with electric lights in gilded lamps Byzantine style by Berto in the house were built with marble fireplaces, bathrooms with tubs and pool from the studio of brothers Botta. The real decoration of the interior served as a large collection of paintings, carpets, tapestries, ancient weapons and armours.

All decor items ordered exclusively from the capital craftsmen and suppliers of the Supreme Court. Marble stair Khrapovitsky ordered in Gubonina, furniture - from Schmitt, court manufacturer, upholsterer and decorator, architect father-PS Boytsova. In addition to the house were decorated with elegant furniture gadgets that make the situation more comfortable and homely: Botta sculpture, weapons, Sevres vases, porcelain, mirrors, bronze - from the supplier of the king Ivan Ebert, silverware - from Carl Faberge.

The interior of the church manor was as luxurious as in the palace of silver - by Faberge, chandeliers, cross and utensils - from home Sokolov. Workshop Medvedev produced the iconostasis with icons of the school Vasnetsov, mural fulfilled all the same artist August Tomashki.

estate khrapovitsky muromtsevo

References

1. Merkulovа T. Art Collection Khrapovitsky VS in the meeting VSMZ. - Vladimir, 2005.

2. On the Murom path: province in old postcards / Avt. - status. VP Mashkovtsev. - Vladimir: Posad, 1997. - 222.

3. Ozhereleva M. contemporaries called her "royal". Magazine "Landscaping", № 1, 2002.

4. Vladimir Encyclopedia: Bibliographic Dictionary / administration of Vladimir region, Vladimir's Cultural Foundation. - Vladimir, 2002.536 pp.

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