Describe the achievements of 5 famous americans

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МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ХЕРСОНСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ

Факультет іноземної філології

Кафедра німецької та романської філології

Реферат

На тему:

Describe the achievements of 5 famous americans

Студента 341 групи

Саврій А.В

Викладач

Лєбедева А.В.

Херсон 2020.

Introduction

America is one of the greatest countries in the world, which through its history has had a great impact on the world. Today, I would like to talk about the achievements of five famous people who were born in the United States, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Stephen Spielberg and Stephen King and Elon Musk who had great influence on humanity. These are people whose achievements and creations, thanks to intelligence, hard work and talent, have left their mark on history. Those whose contemporaries applauded and their descendants worshiped... And those, thanks to whom millions wanted to learn their native language.

The childhood and youth of Bill Gates.

Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. His father, William Henry Gates Senior, was an outstanding lawyer, and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates, served on the board of directors of First Interstate BancSystem banking holding company. Bill also has Big Sister Christianna and Little Sister Libby.

At the age of 13, Gates went to the Lakeside Private School, where he became acquainted with the computer. In eighth grade, the guy created his first program - crosses, in which you could play against the computer. The technique fascinated Gates, because it always exactly executed the code. Remembering that moment, Bill said:"There was something very elegant about the car."

When Gates and Paul Allen were 17 years old, they founded the Traf-O-Data facility to produce traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor.

That's when Gates got a national merit scholarship and went to Harvard College. There he met his comrade Steve Ballmer, who many years ago succeeded Gates as CEO of Microsoft.

As a Harvard student, Gates had no specific training plan and spent a lot of time using the computers available there. He kept in touch with Paul Allen and later they released the MITS Altair 8800, a computer based on the Intel 8080 processor.

In 1974, Gates left Harvard because he wanted to start his own business. It was not until more than 30 years later, in 2007, that Gates finally got his Harvard degree - he was awarded an honorary doctorate.

Making Microsoft

Bill Gates founded Microsoft in 1976 when he signed a contract with MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) to develop a basic operating system for their new microcomputers.

The big breakthrough for Microsoft came in 1980 when IBM, the leading PC manufacturer, approached them for a new BASIC operating system for their new computers. Microsoft worked hard to sell its operating system for this and other companies.

Thus, Microsoft was able to achieve great popularity in the software development industry at a time when the personal computer market began to develop. And programs such as Microsoft Word and Excel became the industry standard.

Launching Windows

In 1990, Microsoft released its first version of Windows. This was a breakthrough in operating software as it replaced text interfaces with graphical interfaces.

In 1995, Windows 95 was released, which set new standards and features for operating systems. This version of Windows was the foundation for all future releases from Windows 2000 to XP and Vista.

Throughout his tenure, Bill Gates has sought to grow Microsoft's business. For example, Microsoft Internet Explorer became the dominant web browser, although this was mainly due to the fact that it was pre-installed on most new computers. It is true that Internet Explorer has now lost its popularity and is rarely used.

Bill Gates subsequently stepped down as CEO of Microsoft and began donating billions of shares. He left as chairman back in 2014 and is now a technology consultant there.

Forbes Magazine, which annually publishes a ranking of the richest people in the world, wrote that from 2017 to 2018, the state of Bill Gates has increased from $ 86 billion to $ 90 billion. Gates' capital in one year has increased by 4 billion dollars - which is approximately 10 million dollars a day.

By 2019, the businessman was able to increase his income by 19.5 billion dollars - now his fortune reaches 110 billion dollars.

Gates' charitable work

Bill Gates and his wife Melinda French created his own foundation. Gates tried to focus on global issues ignored by the government, so he expressed interest in improving public school standards in the United States.

Since 2008, Gates has been fully dedicated to charity. It is known that Gates and his wife Melinda donated 28 billion dollars through their charity foundation to help sick people.

In an interview with Daily Telegraph, Gates said

Money is not good for me after a certain point. It's good for creating an organization and giving resources to the poorest people in the world.

Bill has also paid more attention to environmental issues. And in 2015, he allocated a billion dollars to a clean environment project.

Interestingly, in 2009, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation initiated a project to install the Internet in 1000 Ukrainian libraries under the Bibliomost program.

Biography

Stephen Edwin King was born in autumn 1941 in the American state of Maine, in the city of Portland. The birth of a boy can be called a miracle. The fact is that Nelly Ruth Pillsbury - the mother of the future writer - doctors diagnosed infertility. And when the woman married for the second time the captain of the merchant ship Donald Edward King, the spouses decided to adopt the boy. They named their adopted son David Victor. And two years later, Nelly suddenly got pregnant. The couple had a son, Stephen Edwin.

When Stephen turned two, the father disappeared from his life.

As a child, Steve became an unwitting witness to a terrible tragedy: in front of his eyes died a peer who fell under the wheels of a freight train. King experienced a severe shock, after which in his memory terrible pictures of death for a while erased. It was only a few years later, when he was told of the tragedy. The writer's biographers claim that the event influenced his work and inspired some of his works.

Creativity

His first "bestseller" was a story written on the basis of the film "Well and Pendulum. The guy printed out his work in 40 copies on a hectograph.

In 1959, 18-year-old Stephen King, along with his brother David began publishing an information bulletin, which was called "Dave's List". The guys distributed it with the help of an old mimeographer and sold it to friends, neighbors and relatives for 5 cents. David wrote local news, and Steve wrote film reviews and his own short stories. At the same time Stephen King first read the works of Howard Phillips Lovecraft. He became the guy's favorite writer. By his admission, after acquaintance with the ominous stories of the collection "Lurking in the Shadows", he had a feeling of "coming home.

In the late 1970s, Stephen King created under the pseudonym of Richard Bachmann. Some biographers of the writer argue that the publication of books under a false name was dictated by the uncertainty of the novelist in himself. It seemed to him that the success achieved was accidental. By repeating it under a different name, King wanted to make sure the opposite. Under the pseudonym of Richard Bachmann was published book "Fury". But King took it off the market after a young criminal who shot classmates in Kansas found his novel.

The name Richard Bachmann appeared under several other novels of King: "A Long Walk", "Road Works", "Running Man" and "Thinning". It is noteworthy that the name Bachman was taken by the writer to "arm" because he was a passionate fan of the then famous music band "Bachman-Turner Overdrive".

In the 1980s and 90s, the best books by Stephen King appeared. First of all, it is the novel "The Shooter", which was the first in the cycle "The Dark Tower". In the same 1982, in a record 10 days, he wrote a 300-page novel, "The Running Man".

In 1996, the book Green Mile was published. It's one of Stephen King's favorite novels. A year later, the writer signed a contract with the publishing house "Simon and Schuster," which paid him an advance of $ 8 million for the novel "Bag of Bones," and also committed to give 50% of the proceeds from the sale.

Drugs.

Take cocaine King began on a wave of success, but in a real addiction, it grew into a conflict with the publisher, and reached a peak on the set of his debut film "Maximum Acceleration. The writer came to the set in a state of complete nonsense and did not understand what he was doing. At one point, King fell into a depression that lasted nine months - in this time he did not write anything. However, he later claimed that there was still a silver lining to his cocaine addiction - without him he would have become a complete alcoholic and lived to be 55 at best.

Creator of the iPhone Steven Paul Jobs, better known as Steve Jobs, is one of the founders of Apple, Next, Pixar corporations and a key figure in the global computer industry, a man who largely determined its development.

The future billionaire was born on February 24, 1955 in the town of Mountain View, California (ironically, this area was later destined to become the heart of Silicon Valley). Steve Abdulfattah's biological parents John Jandali (Syrian immigrant) and Joan Carol Sheeble (American graduate student) gave the illegitimate child to Paul and Clara Jobs (born Hakobyan) for adoption. The main condition of the adoption was that Steve received a higher education.

Back in high school, Steve Jobs was fond of electronics, and when he met his namesake Steve Wozniak, he first thought about the computer technology business. The first project of the partners was BlueBox - a device that allows you to use long distance communication for free and sold at $ 150 per unit. Development and assembly of the device was engaged Wozniak, and thirteen-year-old Jobs was selling illegal goods. This distribution of roles will remain in the future, only their future business will now be quite legal.

In 1972, after graduating from high school, Steve Jobs goes to college Reed (Portland, Oregon), but quickly loses interest in learning. After the first semester, he was expelled of his own accord, but stayed in his friends' rooms for about a year and a half, sleeping on the floor, living off the money for his Coca-Cola bottles, and once a week coming to free lunches at the local Krishna Temple. That's when he took a calligraphy course, which later led him to equip his Mac OS with scalable fonts.

Steve then got a job at Atari. That's where Jobs is involved in computer game development. Four years later, Wozniak creates his first computer, and Jobs, while still working at Atari, sets up sales.

Apple.

From a creative tandem of friends grows up the company "Apple" (the name "Apple" Jobs suggested because in this case, the phone number of the company went in the phone book just before the "Atari"). The date of foundation of Apple is considered April 1, 1976 (Fool's Day), and the first office workshop was the garage of Jobs' parents. Apple was officially registered in early 1977.

The author of most of the developments was Stephen Wozniak, while Jobs was a marketer. It is believed that it was Jobs who convinced Wozniak to finalize the microcomputer scheme he had invented, and thus gave an impetus to the creation of a new market for personal computers.

The computer's debut model was named Apple I. During the year, companions sold 200 such machines (the price of each 666 dollars 66 cents). The number is decent for beginners, but it is nothing compared to the Apple II, released in 1977.

The success of Apple I computers, and especially Apple II, combined with the emergence of investors make the company the undisputed leader in the computer market until the early eighties, and two Steve millionaires. It is noteworthy that the software for Apple computers was developed by the then young company Microsoft, created six months later than Apple. In the future, fate will bring Jobs and Gates together again and again.

Having lost power in the company and his job, Jobs did not lose heart, and immediately began new projects. First he founded the company NeXT, which specialized in manufacturing complex computers for higher education and business structures. This market was too narrow, so no significant sales could be achieved.

Much more successful venture was the graphics studio The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar), bought from Lucasfilm almost twice cheaper ($ 5 million) of its estimated cost (George Lucas was divorced and he needed money). Under the guidance of Jobs was released several super-cass animated films. The most famous: "Monster Corporation" and the famous "Toy Story".

In October 2003, a scan of the abdominal area showed that Steve Jobs cancer of the pancreas.

He died on October 5, 2011.

Biography

Stephen Allan Spielberg is the most successful Hollywood director, screenwriter, producer, who took his place on the film Olympus, despite the lack of special education. The box office success has always accompanied his films, and the director is still called a master of commercial cinema, an adult wunderkind and even a Hollywood god.

Steven Spielberg was born to a Jewish family on December 18, 1946. His hometown was the province of Cincinnati in Ohio. Father Arnold worked as an engineer and specialized in computers, mother Leia was a concert pianist. Four children grew up in the Spielberg family.

Movies

As a young man, Spielberg made two attempts to enter the University of Southern California School of Film Arts. Both times, Stephen was denied a rйsumй marked "mediocrity." But his thoughts about cinema never left the young man. He did not despair and went to technical college, during his studies at which he shot 26-minute film "Embleen. It was this film that was noticed by representatives of the film company Universal.

A well-known company signed a contract with a guy. Initially Spielberg worked on the filming of the series "Psychiatrist", "Night Gallery", "Colombo. Murder by the book", and in 1971 has already created a small film crash "Duel" with one actor.

Real glory Spielberg brought horror film "Jaws", released in 1975 and held a record for box office returns for several years. Later, it was shot three sequels of the legendary film, but without Spielberg.

In 1979, Stephen tried his hand at the genre of comedy and took a satirical picture of "1941". In 1981, the adventure film with Harrison Ford in the lead role "Indiana Jones. In Search of the Lost Ark", which became the most box office film of the year, having collected at the box office of $ 400 million.

Seven "Oscars", including Best Director, won the historical drama about Holocaust victims "Schindler's List" with Liam Nison in the lead role. In 1998, Stephen Spielberg returned to the military theme, shooting the film "Save Private Ryan," where the main character played by Tom Hanks.

In 2018, the names of Stephen Spielberg and other cult directors, including Quentin Tarantino, David Lynch, Stanley Kubrick, got into the Oxford Dictionary. This is connected with another update of the English vocabulary with new adjectives formed from the names of famous directors.

Biography

Elon Reeve Musk is a Canadian-American entrepreneur, innovator, inventor, and business magnate who invests in huge innovation projects. Founder and CEO of SpaceX and Tesla Motors, co-founder of SolarCity and PayPal, this technology, as it is often called in the press, was personally involved in the development of new technologies in alternative energy, the design of environmentally friendly electric vehicles and economical solar power plants.

He was involved in the creation of artificial intelligence superhuman OpenAI, conceptual high-speed (twice as fast as an airplane) transport system Hyperloop, the design of spacecraft designed to realize his main goal - the creation of a human colony on Mars.

Forbes placed the Mask on the 21st place in the list of the most influential people in the world...

At the age of 9 Ilon received his first computer as a gift - Commodore VIC-20. He studied programming languages popular in those years on his own and was fond of creating programs. At the age of 12, he himself wrote a basics Blastar video shooting game, which he sold for $500 to PC & Office Technologies, which published the code in one of the issues.

Education

In 1988, Musk graduated from school and entered the University of Pretoria, but due to political instability in South Africa he moved to Canada before his 18th birthday. Since his mother is a native of Canada, Ilon also applied for Canadian citizenship. Here began the strangest period of his life: Ilon entered the bachelor's degree at Kingston University, Ontario, and changed many jobs in different parts of Canada, and he had something to tell about each of them.

First he picked fruit and carried baskets of grain on a farm with his relatives in Waldeck, then he took a job as a lumberjack in Vancouver. He was paid a lot of kopecks to cut logs with a chainsaw. When he quit, he stood up at the labor exchange and asked for a better job with a better salary, and he was employed... as a boiler-house cleaner at a sawmill. For $18 per hour (actually, it was good money for 1989), he crawled on the floor in a suit of heat-resistant but toxic material, raking out garbage at extremely high temperatures. That's when his little brother moved to Canada, too. Together, Ilon and Kimbel decided to make a useful acquaintance. With all the truth and untruth they found the phones of successful entrepreneurs and called them, inviting them to dinner. One of those who agreed was the head of the Bank of Nova Scotia, Peter Nicholson. Impressed by the perseverance of young people, he met them personally and decided to take Ilona, as the more gifted of the Mask brothers, under his wing. Ilona worked in his bank all summer, receiving, however, less than in the boiler room - $ 14 per hour.

Spacex creation

Back in 2001, Musk developed a project to create an experimental greenhouse on Mars, which would begin a closed and independent ecosystem on regolith, which in the future would help with the colonization of the Red Planet. He hoped to regain public interest in the space industry, which had seriously declined after the collapse of the USSR and the end of the space race between the two superpowers.

In February 2018, SpaceX made another breakthrough: the Falcon Heavy rocket, designed to transport multi-ton cargo (in the case of the delivery of cargo into orbit of Earth, the carrier could withstand more than 60 tons), launched into space Tesla Roadster with an installed camera that captures everything that happens outside the cabin.

Other projects Elon Musks

In July 2003, Musk invested in the company Tesla Motors, which was just founded by inventors Martin Eberhardt and Mark Trapenning and positioned itself as a pioneer among manufacturers of serial electric cars.

The successful entrepreneur is also involved in the development of electric vehicle charging stations, which are being developed under the auspices of the SolarCity project, which was founded by his cousins.

Elon Mask's main goal remains the creation of a human colony on Mars. In an interview in 2011, he stated that the first settlers will go to the Red Planet over the next two decades. By 2040, predicts Mask, 80 thousand people will live on Mars.

Sources

jobs king spielberg musk

1. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Маск,_Илон

2. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Спилберг,_Стивен

3. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гейтс,_Билл

4. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Джобс,_Стив

5. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Кинг,_Стивен

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